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No. 144

YEAR 98, BAHÁ’Í ERA

June, 1941

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“Praying Signal Victories”

To the Spiritual Assemblies, Communities and Groups of the Bahá’ís of the United States and Canada.

Beloved Friends:

This month it is our joyous privilege to announce that the Fifth Year of the Seven Year Plan has been inaugurated with a notable spiritual achievement. The entire amount required to complete the exterior decoration of the main story under the revised estimate of cost presented to the Convention by Mr. John J. Earley, has been received. Our collective obligation to meet the current Annual Budget reported last month has been lessened by the amount of $35,000.

The Guardian’s cablegram referring to this donation is published in this issue of Bahá’í News.

We may well pause a moment to reflect upon the importance of terminating this year the ten-year effort of carrying out the exterior decoration of the House of Worship. In July, 1931 was announced the plan for establishing the fund necessary for giving the contract for the dome unit. Steadily all this time the effort has been maintained, until not only the dome but, successively, the clerestory unit, the gallery unit, the main story pylons and now the main story faces can be considered assured.

There but remains to us of Temple work before 1944 the outside steps and perhaps some of the sidewalks forming part of the approach to the edifice. We are to pay for the cost of the reinforcing steel entering into the steps this calendar year, and the remaining cost of the steps, in a total cost of $30,000, will be payable beginning January, 1942.

Truly, it is an historic moment, closing a long and arduous undertaking, and opening the new era of concentrated teaching work. For as the Guardian declares in his latest message: “Greatly welcome opportunity afforded Assembly concentrate henceforth entire resources (on) all-important national and Inter-America in teaching campaigns . . . Praying signal victories.”

This means that it is not a time for relaxed but intensified effort. To support the vast teaching enterprise embracing the twenty-one nations of Central and South America, and the unoccupied areas of North America, the minimum budget sought by the National Spiritual Assembly for the Fifth Year of the Seven Year Plan is $30,000, which includes such related activities as the Bahá’í School programs, Race Unity projects, etc.

Teaching the Focal Point

A study of the Guardian’s messages received in recent years makes it clear that teaching is to be regarded as the focal point of our collective effort—the fulfilment of those opportunities and privileges granted us by reason of prior and preparatory work done in developing the administrative order and in constructing the House of Worship. The mighty wings of the Spirit are outspread in support of those who now, in consecration and in devotion and in knowledge, arise to teach the Cause of God.

In entering upon the local, regional, national and Inter-America plans and projects made available to all the friends, let us prepare ourselves by turning again and again to the towering waves of spiritual power with which the Guardian has inundated our souls since the Seven Year Plan began.

“Appeal (to) assembled delegates ponder historic appeal voiced by ‘Abdu’l-Bahá (in) Tablets (of the) Divine Plan . . . Would to God every State within American Republic and every Republic in American continent might ere termination (of) this glorious century (i. e., the First Bahá’í Century ending March 20, 1944) embrace (the) light (of the) Faith of Bahá’u’lláh and establish the structural basis of His World Order.” (May 1. 1936)

“A systematic, carefully conceived, and well-established plan should be devised, rigorously pursued and continuously extended. Initiated by the National representatives of the American believers, the [Page 2] vanguard and standard-bearers of the radiant army of Bahá’u’lláh, this plan should receive the whole-hearted, the sustained and ever-increasing support, both moral and financial, of the entire body of believers in that continent.

“Its supreme immediate objective should be the permanent establishment of at least one center in every state of the American Republic and in every Republic of the American continent not yet enlisted under the banner of His Faith. . . The field is immense, the task gigantic, the privilege immeasurably precious. Time is short, and the obligation sacred, paramount and urgent. The American community must muster all its force, concentrate its resources, summon to its aid all the faith, the determination and energies of which it is capable, and set out, single-minded and undaunted, to attain still greater heights in its mighty exertions for the Cause of Bahá’u’lláh.” (May 30, 1936)

“The American believers, if they wish to carry out, in the spirit and the letter, the parting wishes of their beloved Master, must intensify their teaching work a thousandfold. . . The Tablets of the Divine Plan invest your Assembly with unique and grave responsibilities, and confer upon it privileges which your sister Assemblies might well envy and admire. The present opportunity is unutterably precious. It may not recur again.” (July 28, 1936)

“(I) entreat (the) American believers (to) ponder afresh (the) urgency (to) rededicate themselves (to the) task (of the) complete fulfillment (of the) Divine Plan.” (July 30, 1936)

“(The) world crisis (is) inexorably moving towards a climax, challenging (the) torchbearers (of) Bahá’í civilization (to) scale loftier heights (of) individual heroism, (to) scatter more widely throughout (the) length (and) breadth (of the) American continents, (to) participate more strenuously (in) concerted effort organized by the National, Regional (and) local agencies dedicated (to the) prosecution (of) noble enterprise, (to) pour forth more abundantly (their) resources in support (of the) fund created for its furtherance, (and) resolve more determinedly (to) conquer whatever obstacles might retard its ultimate fruition.” (October 29, 1936)

“The promulgation of the Divine

All-Important Teaching Campaign “Extremely delighted (at) Florence Morton’s magnificent, timely donation. Assure her (my) deepest appreciation. Greatly welcome opportunity afforded Assembly (to) concentrate henceforth entire resources (on) all-important national (and) Inter-America teaching campaigns and expedite publication (of The) Bahá’í World. Praying signal victories.” SHOGHI RABBANI Cablegram received May 22, 1941.

Plan, unveiled by our departed Master in the darkest days of one of the severest ordeals which humanity has ever experienced, is the key which Providence has placed in the hands of the American believers whereby to unlock the doors leading them to fulfil their unimaginably glorious destiny.” (November 14, 1936)

Teaching—a Coordinated Activity and a Measure of Accomplishment

The aim of the Guardian’s successive messages has been, first, to quicken the hearts and fill them with longing to render service, and second, to set forth a definite program of action to be accomplished by the end of the first Bahá’í Century in 1944.

In appointing its Committees this year, the National Assembly is not merely indicating their respective functions, but also supplying each Committee, as far as possible, with a definite measure of accomplishment on which it is to report progress from month to month. Activity and accomplishment, in a great coordinated Plan, with responsibility to the believers collectively through their National Spiritual Assembly, is the note to be struck by Committees this year.

Likewise, the local Assemblies are called upon to assign themselves actual measures of accomplishment this year, with specific tasks assigned to their locally appointed Committees and regular reports requested from each.

The groups of believers, even each individual Bahá’í, might well in the same way lay out for themselves some program of effort and some definite tasks to accomplish. The Guardian has shown us the key to Bahá’í service by pressing so vigorously for the fulfilment of the Seven Year Plan. That Plan is like the construction of a house, requiring blueprints for each detail and coordination of many skilful workers.

Shoghi Effendi cabled on May 1 a message to the National Assembly which gives a survey of the area of effort assigned to that body this year: “Newly elected Assembly’s objective (is) steadily direct (the) energies, energetically coordinate (the) enterprises, fan (the) flame (of) enthusiasm (and) removes impediments (to) progress (of the) teaching activities (of the) Bahá’í communities (throughout the) Americas. Praying unprecedented success.”

This is a very great responsibility as well as a very great privilege. Its fulfilment requires the unified effort of the whole body of believers, and every institution of the Faith in America. The National Assembly pledges itself to aid and assist all the workers, and bespeaks the aid and prayers of the friends.

“There is no time to lose. There is no room left for vacillation. Multitudes hunger for the Bread of Life. The stage is set. The firm and irrevocable Promise are given. God’s own Plan has been set in motion. It is gathering momentum with every passing day. The powers of heaven and earth mysteriously assist in its execution.” (January 28, 1939)

Faithfully yours,

NATIONAL SPIRITUAL ASSEMBLY

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The Splendid Spirit

The following excerpts are from a letter addressed by the Guardian through his secretary to the National Treasurer:

“Indeed the splendid spirit that animates the American believers these days is a great source of joy and inspiration of the Guardian, and as the good news comes in of new victories won and new sacrifices made, one can see his spirits rise and a wave of new strength sweep over him.—tired and over-burdened as he so often is.”

“In this connection the letter you so thoughtfully enclosed from that dear Bahá’í who gave the difference in the price of a cheap or expensive coffin to the Fund of the Cause, greatly touched him. Such sacrifices prove the caliber of the friends and [Page 3] insure the very foundations of the Faith.”

“In View of the increasingly dark condition of the world, the Guardian feels that the N. S. A. should direct all its energies to fostering the teaching work, that no time may be lost in the fulfilment of their task which is of such paramount importance for the future.”

Haifa, May 4,1941.

Bahá’í Group of Tegucigalpa, Honduras, during visit of Mrs. Francis Benedict Stewart, January 21 to February 25, 1941.

THE THIRTY-THIRD CONVENTION

Various signs of progress and happiness greeted the delegates and friends who reached Wilmette for the Thirty-third Annual Bahá’í Convention. First of all was the welcome accorded by Wilmette, whose stores displayed large placards, circulated by the Chamber of Commerce, to this end. The progress of Temple construction, releasing greater sublimity and beauty, moved some to express wonderment; others smiles or tears. Love has many signs. The grading of the grounds brings the majestic structure into bold relief.

In the Hall itself, besides the familiar rugs and books, were to be seen suspended from the walls and largely printed, the nine quotations selected by the Guardian, from the writings of Bahá’u’lláh and later intended to adorn one each of the nine Temple faces outside and soon to be completed. And here was the great joy of visiting the Temple of God and mingling in joyous communion with His devoted and loving friends.

The Chairman of the National Spiritual Assembly opened the Convention, referring feelingly to the duties of the friends to a world so grievously shaken by calamity and approaching chaos.

Following the roll call, the Convention organized by electing George O. Latimer of Portland, Oregon, Convention Chairman and Horace Holley of Wilmette, Secretary.

Thereupon was expressed by a delegate the keynote of the Convention: The closing of ranks; harmony and peace; concentration upon the activities of the Cause.

Mr. John J. Earley, the contractor of the exterior decoration of the Temple, was introduced. He expressed profound admiration for the Bahá’ís whom he knows by their fruitful deeds. He praised the genius of the late Louis Bourgeois, architect of the Temple, and mentioned his contacts with him and the National Spiritual Assembly years prior to the work of exterior decoration. The Temple is the symbol of a new faith in a new day. Both its architecture and poetry seem an invention of the Celestial Sphere.

Looking carefully over the ten thousand forms used in the Temple there is an error of but one and a half inches, so near is it to perfection! In contrast to this he pointed out that St. Peter’s, one of the world’s greatest domes, is nothing less than fourteen hundred tons out of plumb, and would fall, were it not for chains which prevent the walls from spreading. This Temple reflects the feeling as well as the culture of its architect. Its unique plan has caused a revolution in building construction. It is a great laboratory, built with slabs and pieces, its ornamentation being poured into its own skin. In its first twenty-five years of development it has inspired ten million dollar expenditure for the uses of the same kind of material in other structures. It has thus influenced building, the greatest industry in the United States.

Mr. Earley next spoke of the mystical fire that burns within the senses, discovering new values and the joy and service of life. During all the years not a single workman has lost interest.

There will be two and one-half miles of steps with a tread of six and one-half inches, surrounding the entire enclosure. It will be built with such an amount of mobility as to be proof against rain, snow, freezing, ground swells and contractions. Its material for construction has been tested for a temperature as remote as twenty degrees below zero—this by Government experts— and has been found intact. Also a very high official of another branch of the Government examined its dome minutely and did not find a defective slab. The old architecture and materials would not have lent themselves to such requirements. I have undertaken to do what the Bahá’ís wish and feel assured that I can write your Faith in the walls of your Temple.

The address of Mr. Earley seemed to fire all with a new enthusiasm and a vote of thanks was tendered him.

Always first in point of interest, significance and value, is what comes from the Guardian. His Convention cable, already printed, was circulated among the delegates. Extracts from his letter, “The Promised Day is Come,” were most impressively read to the Convention.

Reverential and awe-struck we listened as our Guardian, armed with the mighty Tablets of Bahá’u’lláh, and the repeated warnings of the Master, pronounced the Judgment of God upon a heedless and troubled [Page 4] world. He tells us the true meaning of the present greatest upheaval, which no man not favored by God can fathom.

“It is both a retributary calamity and an act of holy and supreme discipline. It is at once a visitation from God and a cleansing process for all mankind. Its fires punish the perversity of the human race and weld its component parts into one organic, indivisible, world-embracing community.”

Every created thing has a center, whether it be of rotation, gravity, radiation, dynamic energy, feeling, intelligence, spiritual perception, guidance, as the case may be. The appointed Center was the Master in His ministry. By His command His followers turn to the one appointed by His Will. While hosts are wandering, knowing hearts fill with gratitude for such a center and such a leader.

Spiritual Assembly of Boston, incorporated April 5, 1940

“The Mosquito of Violation”

The Convention considered with approval the Master’s instructions with regard to the protection of the Cause against Covenant-breakers. The Word of God is a spirit that overcomes all things, a power that unites the sincere of heart. It is also a sword that divides truth from error, light from darkness, genuineness from pretense. Seeing that condition of apostasy and Covenant-breaking, which harassed His own ministry would continue or be renewed from other quarters, He gave very definite instructions of protection in His Will and various Tablets. Thus He writes in His very last Tablet:

“O ye beloved ones! Guard the Cause of God! Let no sweetness of tongue beguile you—nay, rather consider the motives of every soul, and ponder the thought he cherisheth. Be ye straightway mindful and on your guard. Avoid, yet be not aggressive. Turn away from censure and from slander. Leave him in the Hand of God. Upon you rest the Glory of the Glories!”

The Master, who numbered among His other marvelous qualities a delightful sense of humor, once asked a friend: “Can the mosquito of violation withstand the Eagle of the Testament?”

“Beware of the sagacity of the faithful! For he seeth with the Light Divine.”

The Convention cabled Shoghi Effendi:

“Convention determined to fulfill Master’s hopes Temple. Accelerate consolidation newly-born groups, extension believers’ faith and yearn capacity to receive your guidance, strength. Entreat prayers. Grateful bounty privilege service. Send our hearts’ devotion.”

A report was made orally by the National Secretary covering the last weeks of the current Bahá’í year, to supplement the written report already published. Among the topics presented were: messages from Haifa since March 15; new Assemblies formed on April 21; and revision of Temple construction costs.

Affairs and Means

The Treasurer spoke quite seriously of the increasingly disturbed state of mankind. He reported a deficit, due to the speeding up of construction and the noble effort to complete the Temple two years ahead of schedule, because of the times. It matters very little where people are during such a time of universal disturbance, but how happy they are in active service matters greatly. There appeared a hidden spring in the finances. From various sources a sum aggregating $10,750.00 flowed into his coffers, one of the best for several years over a similar brief period.

The Supervising Engineer mentioned the saving of ten thousand dollars, the original estimate for moulds. The pylons were erected under rapidly changing conditions of construction, but for the present there are not such great changes in the cost of labor. Savings have been made over the cost of three years. But on the other hand, there is extra necessary material which increases the original cost of four years ago. The over-run is about $8000.00, a remarkable showing. This over-run in some structures has been as much as fifty percent. The Temple is being built most economically, as testified also by Mr. Earley.

The grading of the grounds, now about completed, is preparatory to seeding with rye grass. A lovely green mound will appear over the basement floor. The accessory administration office building, the new fence and the increasing land space behind the Hazíratu’l-Quds should be noted; also the increase of our land holdings on the East side of Sheridan Road. On the other hand, the transfer of ownership to the Village of Wilmette of a strip of Temple land bordering Sheridan Road, so as to change the curve of the said [Page 5] road to avoid accidents, will bring to us a financial indemnity from the said Village as well as the addition of land before mentioned.

Inter-American Teaching

One of the most fascinating periods of the Convention was that devoted to reports from and consideration of work in Latin-American countries. This showed how heroic and devoted pioneers, facing tremendous difficulties, such as changes of climate, customs, laws, uncertainties and upheavals and sometimes revolutions, remoteness from home, relatives and friends, the meagerness of funds and support, suspicions aroused against foreign visitors, etc., are yet, under the mighty Confirmations of Bahá’u’lláh, blazing a pathway of light in the most wonderful service that can engage human endeavors. Stories of these pioneers, thrilling and humanistic, were heard with the most profound admiration and high praise. One such story is about a very delicate and refined American woman who is just now in a country swept by revolution. Yet she thinks as clearly and writes as calmly as if describing an opera, continuing her work and not apparently thinking of flight, although in a situation entirely new to her.

Another pioneer recently returned, pictured the great love and attraction newly enkindled in the hearts of many souls, a class formed for a teaching whose number of inquirers soon became so large that it had to be divided into two sections. One enthusiastic friend caused twenty-two of his friends to attend meetings five nights a week.

The visits of three American ladies to Mexico City and their activities; the more recent visit for the second time of another American teacher to Mexico City, this time to aid that new Center to hold a Bahá’í election, according to established procedure; the campaign of three teachers in Haiti, one of whom is now touring in a truck and giving the Message to all she can reach; the thrilling experience of flying across the Andes in the line of service; the work in Cuba, gem of the Antilles, where the nucleus of a Center was formed in a few months and the work is being continued; and many other detailed recitals, created an interest which could not be equalled by the most fascinating romance.

This Crucial Hour “Delighted. Convey (to) Milly Collins (my) ever-deepening appreciation (of her) historic, exemplary contributions (in) this crucial hour (for the) Faith (of) Bahá’u’lláh.” SHOGHI RABBANI Cablegram received June 3, 1941.

One who had many times traversed this vast Inter-America region described most vividly the needs of the people to achieve religious ideals and their willingness to advance. Apparently their ideas about the old religions are very limited and they have had little chance or stimulus to improve.

A returned pioneer related a story of being accosted by a government official, who apprised him that he had been informed of his activities and thought him quite deserving of being sent to jail. His reply was: “All right! Put me in prison and I shall be only too eager to give the Bahá’í teachings to the two thousand prisoners who are already there!”

He was not molested.

A vote of appreciation and thanks to this Committee was passed by the Convention. Eloquent tributes were also paid the workers, and the instructions of the Guardian to the administration, to stand by the pioneers, were brought to view. It was further stated by the Chairman that the National Spiritual Assembly, with limited funds, could provide for pioneers only in the most meager way; so that those listing for such a service should strive to the utmost, if not prepared with means for self-support, to obtain employment where they serve. The further from base, the mightier the confirmations seem to be.

The Election

The election of the New National Spiritual Assembly, was set by the agenda for late afternoon of the second convention day. The result has already been reported.

North America Teaching

The Committee Chairman stated, as the aim of this most vital plan of service, to establish a nucleus in each state and province with actively functioning Assemblies. These will become power-houses of spiritual influence and stimulate new movements of service. The intensification of the work in certain areas received special emphasis. There is a pressing demand for teachers. No other human activity can be more important at such a time. The continued work of devoted souls shows very marked and appreciable gains. The number of isolated believers, now about fifteen hundred, should prove a great stimulus to teaching and the spread of the Cause, since every true believer wants to share his faith with others. Many new centers and groups are now begging the assistance of teachers.

The work in the South is especially difficult, due to extreme orthodoxy and racial traditions, yet the Divine Plan has overcome far more difficult conditions in other lands. Those in the vanguard of service in this region reports steady gains in the work and much joy in the fellowship of service.

A Southern delegate expressed the view that much of our grief and alarm is of our own making. We should not rush, but take our time in entering the Cause. But, having entered, do our utmost to close our ranks. Smooth sailing will come in future, however difficult the way may now seem.

A youthful Bahá’í, who spoke like an oracle, observed the tendency on the part of many people to become tense and constrained whenever “race” in its limited sense, is mentioned. The situation, though difficult, is not impossible of solution. The solid South shows unmistakable signs of gradually melting, as indicated by happenings both within and without. Various organizations are preparing the way for the acceptance of the full program of the Bahá’ís. Those who know Bahá’u’lláh should, with confidence and courage, do even more. Let us depend upon Guidance, and yield not to compromise, which makes greater and greater demands and stifles resolution. Let us work with a will; but never feel tense about it because this betrays a lack of balance.

The Guardian enjoins the workers to take their stand and do their appointed task, no matter what conditions betide. The sacrifices of the friends will be the means of freeing humanity from its yoke and bring the ultimate triumph of the Cause.

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The vastness of Canada, as yet practically untouched by the Cause, was presented by a western pioneer who has traveled and taught there extensively. Recently he had the pleasure of contacting an Icelandic group, among whom he found rare souls who seemed ready to lay down their lives for the Cause.

A New York friend presented ideas for coordinating the teaching work by stressing (1) the spiritual, non-political unity of all mankind; (2) to invite others in regions to speak at various meetings; (3) the Spiritual Assemblies should send out a questionnaire to all of its community members with a view to finding out all their potentialities of service.

Race Unity

A survey of the South presented by the Chairman of this committee, as the result of a comprehensive tour, was summarized as follows:

1. The vast majority of people have no thought about minority groups. To them it seems that matters of race should be handled only with extreme delicacy. Their ideas and system is a combination of paternalism and the feudalism of a past age. The problem is so close to them that they cannot see it in perspective.

2. The awakening South, as indicated by the Southern Interracial Commission and the liberal attitude of many southern colleges and universities. They advocate social reform and a bi-racial culture. But any plan or suggestion for the races to meet upon an equal social plane causes a panic among them.

3. Those who, fewest in numbers, are like the Bahá’ís. They see that even the rise of a bi-racial culture will not end perpetual conflict, unless there is a strong spiritual bond and a pattern for future society adopted.

She was able to visit thirty colleges in the South which expressed interest in the Bahá’í Faith and appreciated its literature, especially the excerpt known as the pattern for future society.

It was stated that Jews are passing through a period of transition as to faith. Increasing numbers are abandoning orthodoxy. It was estimated that approximately a million Jews have become Christian Scientists, and so the Jews would seem to

“THE PROMISED DAY IS COME” The general communication by Shoghi Effendi already reported will appear before the end of June in pamphlet form, with Index. Its length is about 129 pages. The National Spiritual Assembly will present one free copy to each Assembly, group and Regional Committee, but a special edition has been ordered so that individual believers may purchase a copy at low cost. Hereafter, only such communications as can be reprinted in “Bahá’í News” will be given general free distribution, in view of the rapid growth in the size of the American Baha’i community. Assemblies and groups are urged to place orders as soon as possible, to be filled when the pamphlets are off the press. Note that three editions are being provided by the Publishing Committee, as follows: Self-cover, per copy, $0.25; Bound in heavy paper, $0.40; Fabrikoid, $0.75. Send orders to the Bahá’í Publishing Committee, 110 Linden Avenue, Wilmette, Illinois.

present a fertile field for Bahá’í cultivation.

The presence of eighteen American Indians of the Oneidas, a Wisconsin tribe, as visitors to the Convention, aroused much interest. Their coming was due principally to the work of our Bahá’í Indian brother, Eli Whitney Pawlas, a member of the tribe, and the cooperation of Clarence Niss of the Race Unity Committee. These fine Indian friends were introduced by name and given a cordial welcome. They took a keen interest in what they saw and heard. It is hoped that these contacts will result in the spread of the Bahá’í Faith among a long neglected people, with heavenly results.

Reviewing Committee

The Reviewing Committee made brief mention of its work with manuscripts, the difficulty and delicacy of the task assigned and the progress noted. It makes an annual report, very succinct and clear, dealing with the number of manuscripts reviewed and with what results. It is very important that the right sort of literature shall reach the public, presenting the Faith in a way both clear, attractive and dignified. The value of this patient and able service cannot well be overestimated.

Mexican Visitor

Pedro Espinoza, secretary of the Spiritual Assembly of Mexico City, as a Convention visitor, was invited to speak. He expressed the loving greetings of his center and gratitude for the loving cooperation and services they have received from the American friends. Good deeds and actions should be directed to all peoples, with much patience also. We must cultivate more than an intellectual grasp of the Teachings. Strive that the light of assurance may penetrate each and every heart, was the gist of his discourse.

For a Completed Temple

A plan suggested by the Supervising Architect, which met approval, was one for completing the outer decoration and the steps of the Temple in 1941 and 1942, under a budget extended over two years. This can be done at an approximate cost of $65,000.00. The completion of the faces, already planned for this year, will be at a cost of about $35,000.00. The remainder will cover the steps. The completion of the Temple stairs will bring the entire outward structure to perfection next year. In the meantime, there is to be no pause in pressing the teaching campaign, which means so much to a bewildered world.

The Eternal Covenant

A seasoned veteran of service laid great emphasis upon firmness in the Covenant (which now means loyalty to the Guardian), not only as a means of protection for the loyal friends, but as one of purifying the Cause itself. The Holy Land is the Center of Illumination and its brightest reflection is now in the West. In past revelations, we have had no such established Centers of interpretation as are found today. Quite clear is the Station of the Expounder of the Verses, that of the Guardian today, who leads us under his unerring guidance from on High. This divine institution protects our faith from being rent by schisms. It is the power of cohesion and unity. This amalgam will bring to naught all opposition. Any healing that can come to Covenant-breakers rests with God. False teachings and seditious literature are among the signs of Covenant-breaking.

The raising of obstacles has its bearing in the ultimate healing of mankind. Tests purify the faith. Such an experience ushers in the next great period of spiritual power.[Page 7] Sacrifice for a Cause makes us a part of it. People of deviation know this not. If the true friends allow nothing to disrupt their unity, the attacks of foes will bring to us the richest blessings of peace and victory.

Temple Model on display in Columbia, S. C.

Braille

A very earnest plea was made for the blind, who should not be left without the solace of the heavenly teachings. Sometimes their insight sees much further than the eyesight of their neighbors. The Red Cross offers a course of ten lessons in Braille for $1.65. It deepens our own knowledge to study Braille. A fine service is that of transcribing the Bahá’í Teachings into Braille. Blind people in Los Angeles, instructed through the Bahá’í Teachings in Braille, were the means of bringing their families into the Faith.

Newness in Life

Besides being represented by some duly accredited delegates to the Convention, Bahá’í Youth held their ninth annual luncheon for the Convention period at an Evanston Hotel, attracting a large attendance among which were some elders. The scene was a brilliant one, which included variety, beauty, talents, joyfulness, enthusiasm and inspiration They wish to be taken more seriously by their elders and given more responsibilities. Undoubtedly their elders sympathize with such aspirations and want them to advance. Certainly no obstacles can rightly be placed in their paths.

Our American Youth are doing things. Their program of music and addresses was charming and they spoke with wisdom and insight.

Education

The Child Education Committee expressed the need for greater uniformity in child education, according to the program stated in the Teachings.

A friend from Kansas, introduced by a delegate, read to the Convention, teaching inspiration that had come to her, in the form of an original composition, blending of music and verse, called Light at Dawn or Early Concourse of Destiny. It proved to be a plan for presenting the Bahá’í Message and was well received.

Public speaking as a study and art was advocated as a means of effectively spreading the Bahá’i Faith. Eloquence is a divine gift, especially when it is used in testimony for God. The art of vocal expression, with intelligence to direct it, is specialized to man. He should know its value and put it to the best use.

The Convention voted its thanks to its Officers and to the National Spiritual Assembly.

Good News from Haifa

Those who have so long and well known William Sutherland Maxwell, the father-in-law of Shoghi Effendi, will appreciate information about him and his dearest interests, shared with the Convention by a Canadian friend. He lives comfortably in the Pilgrim’s House at Haifa and is working on the design of Mrs. May Maxwell’s monument, so as to please Shoghi Effendi and Ruhiyyih Khanum; and so he deems it a cooperative service. The Khanum garden, cultivated under the instructions of Shoghi Effendi, is in a wonderful shape and is developing even greater perfections. The monuments are in white marble, representing the Guardian’s own wishes and design. The house in the garden has been improved and will contain Bahá’í archives in future. Shoghi Effendi is reported working at such a rate and tor such long hours as would exhaust any other person.

He reports a steady flow of visitors from Persia and the good health of Shoghi Effendi, Ruḥiyyih Khanoum and himself.

Feast of El-Ridván

The greatest of all Bahá’í Feasts, that of El-Ridván, commemorating the declaration of Bahá’u’llah, was observed on Saturday evening April 26. The entire Convention covered a part of its period of twelve days.

The entire capacity of the hall was taxed by the audience of friends and visitors. The Spiritual Assemblies of Peoria and Chicago cooperated in the arrangements, the former planning the program and the latter refreshments. Mrs. Alice Simmons Cox was chairman.

The general theme was:

The Significance of the Manifestation

and His Declaration:

Prayer read by Mrs. Chester F.

Barnett.

Announcements and explanatory

of Ed-Ridván

Reading: The Promised Day.

Address, Intimate Pictures of

Bahá’u’lláh, from the Four Periods of His Life, George O. Latimer.

Address, Significances of the Manifestation,

Ali Kuli Khan, N. D.

Address, The Days of Ridván with

‘Abdu’l-Bahá at Haifa, 1921, Mrs. Nellie S. French

Closing prayer read by Mrs. Chester

F. Barnett.

Moving picture of ‘Abdu’l-Bahá

taken in 1912.

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Mr. Latimer’s knowledge of the Manifestation was enriched by some unpublished sources. Mirza Khan’s address was a deep study of the spiritual significance of the Manifestation.

Mrs. French was favored being with ‘Abdu’l-Bahá during the last three days of Ridván, 1921. The world in travail is now being prepared to grasp the meaning of “the Great Announcement,” the Declaration of the True One.

Hyde Dunn Memorial

Half an hour each day, preceding the Convention sessions, the Committee on Devotions selected readings and prayers which were impressively and beautifully read by various friends.

On Sunday morning, the last day, this period was extended to an hour, and a simple program redolent of beauty and spirituality was arranged to commemorate the late Hyde Dunn, an American Bahá’í pioneer in Australia, whose sacrificial life in cooperation with his faithful wife, is used by the Most High as the means of enlightening a continent.

A close friend spoke lovingly in reminiscence of this very noble life, telling how hard and laborious was his daily task, yet how fully he gave his weary hours during the nights, making contacts with souls and guiding them to the path, traversing a wide area of labor and service. The hour proceeded with the reading of a Tablet of Bahá’u’lláh followed by the Guardian’s cablegram: “Beloved Father Dunn: reflecting parent luster; fourth witness.”

Prayers for the departed; Bahá’u’lláh.

Tablet on Immortality: “Death cannot invade that Holy Seat,” Bahá’u’lláh.

Tablet of ‘Abdu’l-Bahá to Mr. and Mrs. Hyde Dunn, praising their teaching services and their firmness in the Covenant of God.

Prayers for the departed, Bahá’u’lláh.

Prayer for the departed, ‘Abdu’l-Bahá.

The program was concluded by the Tablet of Visitation of Bahá’u’lláh chanted in the original language, with its resonance and beauty.

Fragrances from Afar

Friends and workers at a distance. wired or cabled their Ridván greetings and love, and thus made themselves in the spiritual part of the glorious Convention, also illustrating their far-flung Bahá’í activities. Messages reached us from: Butte, Montana; Miami, Florida; Phoenix, Arizona; Washington, D. C.; San Francisco, California; Monroe, Washington; Alaska; Denver, Colorado; Honolulu, H. I.; New York, New York; Port au Prince, Haiti; Les Cales, Haiti; Tihran, Persia; Santo Domingo; Haworth, New Jersey; Muskegon, Michigan; Muskegon Heights, Michigan; Fruitport, Michigan; East Fruitport, Michigan; Lake Harbor, Michigan; State of Washington; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Mexico City; Canal Zone; Laramie, Wyoming; Huntington, West Virginia; Richmond Highlands, California.

Public Teaching Congress

The final meeting was the teaching congress in Foundation Hall.

Alan McCormick of Winnetka, Illinois, presided. The Armour Jubilee Singers, composed of fifteen male voices, sang inspiring and beautiful Negro Spirituals.

The first speaker was Albert Windust, with the subject: “The Ark of the Covenant.” He dealt with prophetic succession from the Adamic Day and quoted many prophecies, now fulfilled in the appearance of Bahá’u’lláh and the new and universal cycle of this great Day of God.

The concluding speaker was Mrs. Dorothy Baker on the subject: “The Great Fulfillment.”

This address was a portrayal of the diffusion of scientific knowledge, with the appearance of many inventions and discoveries as needed preparation for the unity of mankind. Its conclusion was a bright vision of the coming world super-state.

The light and cheer of these glorious Ridván days were in striking contrast to the deepening shades of earth. Traditional differences were fused by the fires of divine love, with a strangeness banished and oneness enthroned. New heights of Bahá’í consultation were reached; new altitudes of sacrifice attained. There was a mightier resolution to spread the Message while there is yet time. Elevation of the standard of justice which our Guardian so much admires. Wisdom as well as love. Clearer understanding of the duty of guarding the priceless jewels which God has deposited in minds and hearts. Penetration of ancient mysteries. It is all clear now how Eden, which accorded a welcome to all, yet had its entrance guarded by cherubim after it had been vandalized by Satan. Loyalty to the ancient Commander. Firmness in His Covenant. Full confidence of victory through His favor and confirmation, which are more powerful amid trials. Greater understanding of Reality and the part of Bahá’í Administration in its true and effective unfoldment. Clearer vision of the city of God, the New Jerusalem, descending with increasing volume and power, to transform mankind.

LOUIS G. GREGORY,

Convention Reporter

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“This vital force (i. e., the vital force of belief in God) is dying out, this mighty agency has been scorned, this radiant light is obscured, this impregnable stronghold abandoned, this beauteous robe discarded. God Himself has indeed been dethroned from the hearts of men, and an idolatrous world passionately and clamorously hails and worships the false gods which its own idle fancies have fatuously created, and its misguided hands so impiously exalted. The chief idols in the desecrated temple of mankind are none other than the triple gods of Nationalism, Racialism and Communism, at whose altars governments and peoples, whether democratic or totalitarian, at peace or at war, of the East or of the West, Christian or Islamic, are, in various forms and in different degrees, now worshipping. Their high priests are the politicians and the worldly-wise, the so-called sages of the age; their sacrifice, the flesh and blood of the slaughtered multitudes; their incantations outworn shibboleths and insidious and irreverent formulas; their incense, the smoke of anguish that ascends from the lacerated hearts of the bereaved, the maimed, and the homeless.”

—SHOGHI EFFENDI,

In “The Promised Day Is Come.”

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Publishing Announcement

The Promised Day Is Come, by Shoghi Effendi, general communication addressed to the believers throughout the West, dated March 28, 1941. 129 pages and Index. Self-cover edition, per copy $0.25; paper cover edition, $0.40; fabrikoid edition, $0.75.

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Bahá’í Procedure—Spanish text, selected excerpts from Parts One and Two of the American edition, translated into Spanish by Mrs. Frances Benedict Stewart. Mimeographed, so pages, 80 pages, per copy, $0.75.

Spiritual Assembly of Oakland, incorporated March 11, 1941

Teachings on the Covenant

At this time it is incumbent upon members of the Bahá’í community, particularly the newer friends, to realize the unique nature of the Station which Bahá’u’lláh conferred upon ‘Abdu’l-Bahá, for it is through the mission which the Master fulfilled that the Faith of Bahá’u’lláh can evolve into a worldwide community with those majestic institutions of Guardianship and House of Justice through which His blessing is to flow to mankind gathered into the Kingdom of God.

“When the ocean of My presence hath ebbed, and the Book of My Revelation is ended, turn your faces towards Him Whom God hath purposed, Who hath branched from this Ancient Root.” (Kitáb-i-Aqdas)

“It is incumbent upon . . . my kindred to turn, one and all, their faces towards the Most Mighty Branch.” (Kitáb—i-‘Ahd)

“Render thanks unto God, O people, for His appearance; for verily He is the most great Favor unto you, the most perfect bounty upon you; and through Him every moldering bone is quickened. Whoso turneth towards Him hath turned towards God, and whose turneth away from Him hath turned away from My Beauty, hath repudiated My Proof, and transgressed against Me. He is the Trust of God amongst you, His charge within you, His manifestation unto you, and His appearance among His favored servants . . . They who deprive themselves of the shadow of the Branch, are lost in the wilderness of error, are consumed by the heat of worldly desires, and are of those who will assuredly perish.” (Tablet of the Branch)

Thus did Bahá’u’lláh Himself declare that ‘Abdu’l-Bahá was to be the criterion of truth and error after Him, the embodiment of authority among the believers and the instrument for the preservation of the unity of His Faith. Membership in the Bahá’í community was entirely dependent, during ‘Abdu’l-Bahá’s lifetime after the Ascension of Bahá’u’lláh in 1892, upon the Master’s acceptance and approval. As the American Bahá’ís know, ‘Abdu’l-Bahá on occasion found it necessary to expel from the Bahá’í community certain believers whose actions and attitudes had become a source of contamination to the friends. The history of faith has no parallel to the mission, which ‘Abdu’l-Bahá performed. Under His leadership and guidance the Cause spread to Europe and America, its literature was translated, its influence enlarged and its significance made to penetrate a growing community of believers. ‘Abdu’l-Bahá Himself produced a great body of writings which clarify the fundamental teachings of Bahá’u’lláh and relate His Faith to all aspects of social activity and individual experience. Throughout His life, ‘Abdu’l-Bahá exemplified the unity of the Faith of Bahá’u’lláh and preserved the unity of the Bahá’ís.

While in America during 1912, He explained His mission and station to the Bahá’ís:

“Today the most important affair is firmness in the Covenant, because firmness in the Covenant wards off differences.

“In former cycles, no distinct Covenant was made in writing by the Supreme Pen; no distinct personage was appointed to be the Standard differentiating falsehood from truth, so that whatever he said was to stand as truth and that which he repudiated was to be known as falsehood . . .

“But in this Dispensation of the Blessed Beauty (i.e., Bahá’u’lláh) among its distinctions is that He did not leave people in perplexity. He entered into a Covenant and Testament with the people. He appointed a Center of the Covenant. He wrote with His own pen and revealed it in the Kitab-i-Aqdas, the Book of Laws, and Kitab-i-‘Ahd, the Book of the Covenant, appointing Him (i.e., ‘Abdu’l-Bahá) the Expounder of the Book. You must ask Him (Abdu’l-Bahá) regarding the meanings of the texts of the verses. Whatsoever He says is correct. Outside of this in numerous tablets He (Bahá’u’lláh) has explicitly recorded it with clear, sufficient, valid and forceful statements. In the Tablet of the Branch He explicitly states: ‘Whatsoever the Branch says is right, or correct, and every person must obey the Branch with his life, with his heart, with his tongue. Without His will, not a word shall any one utter.’ This is an explicit text of the Blessed Beauty. So there is no excuse left for anybody . . .” (Star of the West, Vol. 12, No. 14)

“One of the enemies of the Cause [Page 10] is he who endeavors to interpret the Words of Bahá’u’lláh and thereby colors the meaning according to his capacity, and collects around him a following, forming a different sect, promoting his own station and making division in the Cause.” (‘Abdu’l-Bahá, Star of the West, Vol. 3, page 8.)

“Were it not for the protecting power of the Covenant to guard the impregnable fort of the Cause of God, there would arise among the Bahá’ís, in one day, a thousand different sects as was the case in former ages, but in this blessed Dispensation, for the sake of the permanency of the Cause of God and the avoidance of dissension amongst the people of God, the Blessed Beauty (may my soul be a sacrifice to Him) has through the Supreme Pen written the Covenant and Testament; He appointed a Center, the Exponent of the Book and the Annuller of disputes.

“Whatever is written by Him is conformable to the truth and under the protection of the Blessed Beauty. He is infallible.

“The express purpose of the last Will and Testament is to set aside disputes from the world.

“Praise be to God that the believers in America are steadfast, but the firmer they are the better, that no one may be able to intrude and introduce disputes, for disputes destroy the foundation of God’s Institution.” (‘Abdu’l-Bahá, in Tablets to Roy C. Wilhelm, August 12, 1914)

“As to the most great characteristic, and it is a specific teaching of the Revelation of Bahá’u’lláh, and not given by any of the Prophets of the past, it is the teaching concerning the Center of the Covenant. By giving the teaching concerning the Center of the Covenant He made provision against all kinds of differences, so that no man should be able to create a new sect.

“To guard against that state of things, He entered into a Covenant with all people of the world, indicating the Person of the Interpreter of His teachings, so that no man should be able to say that he explains a certain teaching in this way, and thus create a sect revolving around his individual understanding of a part of the teachings . . . Whoever shall say a word from his own self shall be degraded.” (‘Abdu’l-Bahá, Star of the West, Vol. 14, No. 15, page 255)

“My purpose is to convey to you that it is your duty to guard the religion of God so that none shall be able to assail it either outwardly or inwardly. If you see injurious teachings coming from an individual, no matter who that individual may be, even though he be My own son, know ye verily that I am quit of him.

“If ye see any one speaking against the Covenant, even though he be My own son, know ye that I am averse to him.” (‘Abdu’l-Bahá, Star of the West, Vol. 14)

“Any soul who violates the Covenant and Testament in the least degree, immediately he is cut off. Even in this material world he will become afflicted with remorse and regret.” (‘Abdu’l-Bahá, Star of the West, Vol. 6, page 94)

“But the Covenant of God and His Testament is a bounty to the righteous and a curse to the wicked.” (‘Abdu’l-Bahá, Tablets of ‘Abdu’l-Bahá, page 438)

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INTER-AMERICA NEWS

Chile

Mrs. Marcia Atwater writes that she has been accorded the utmost courtesy by the press of Santiago, that she has lectured in the Spanish language before an audience at the University of about three hundred people and that the group is functioning beautifully. It was announced that there would be a Spiritual Assembly elected on the 21st of April, but this was premature. However the group has elected its officers and the number of believers is increasing so that by next spring there will surely be a Spiritual Assembly. Mrs. Atwater is returning home very soon and hopes that some visiting teacher or some resident pioneer will soon succeed her.

Bolivia

The Inter-America Committee together with all the believers throughout the world welcome the first confirmed believer in Bolivia, Mme. Yvonne de Cuellar. In that far off land we are assured of a constant and brilliant lamp which will continue to shed its rays with increasing brilliance after the departure of Mrs. Eleanor Adler who must return home.

Brazil

Miss Holsapple writes that she is planning to spend some time now in Sao Paolo and Santos and will then return to Bahia. The teaching force is being happily augmented in Rio de Janeiro by the presence of Mr. and Mrs. R. L. Wood of Bethesda, Maryland, who are leaving as soon as possible to take up their residence there. Miss Beatric Irwin is also there at present.

San Salvador

John Eichenauer has become interested in the study of Naturopathy and hopes to make this his profession. He plans to visit Nicaragua very soon and may possibly make that his headquarters. He assures us that the main object of his life is to teach the Cause and he will assist Mathew Kaszab. John also writes that any young man desiring to pioneer in San Salvador could be assisted to find an occupation by Clarence Iverson. This committee will be happy to furnish addresses to those interested.

Guatemala

A beautiful letter from Sra. Barrientos tells of the earnest study of the group in Guatemala City and speaks with deep feeling of the Guardian’s Convention cable which was translated into Spanish and printed in our last bulletin. The group is eager for more books and for the establishment of a Bahá’í library and a school for the Youth. What a glorious opportunity for some resident pioneer!

Venezuela

Priscilla Rhoads’ plans for teaching have been somewhat frustrated by the upset condition of the country. She says she longs for someone to talk to. An interchange of letters between the pioneers is very valuable, and certainly those who are so far away from home would appreciate letters from any of the friends who may be able to write.

Nicaragua

Congratulations and welcome to the first declared believer in Nicaragua. He is Mr. Henry S. Wheelock and his card was sent in by Mathew Kaszab.

Panama

Our young women there are still hoping for reinforcements, but they are a host in themselves and a great source of joy to the Committee as [Page 11] are also the friends in Costa Rica where the Cause is growing under the new Spiritual Assembly.

Temple Model displayed in Sears-Roberts store, Augusta, Ga. Paraguay

At last accounts the class of Miss Cheney numbered thirty people. Miss Cheney has handled the situation in Asunción in the wisest and the most commendable manner. It has been found best to teach entirely by the fireside method as publicity is apt to be misinterpreted.

From a recent letter written by Miss Cheney we quote:

“The class of thirty Bahá’í students is progressing rapidly in spite of terrifically upset social conditions. Am hoping to open a special membership class next week. This matter will be taken up for consultation when we celebrate the Feast of Ridván following the regular meeting on Monday, April 28th. There are five now who have asked for Bahá’í membership, and who would sign the little Bahá’í membership cards, if I should tell them that such things existed. But I am praying, if it is the will of Bahá’u’lláh, that perhaps at least nine may be able to come in together, and my hunch is to go slowly and to make very certain that they are well prepared and have a good foundation in the teachings, for the establishment of an Assembly, or even of a smaller group, will be certain to attract great tests in a country such as this one.

“The first meeting of the new Youth Group was held Saturday night in the midst of our most recent revolutionary upset. There was no way to notify the prospective members of a postponement, for telephone service had been shut off by the government. Fortunately, only a few came, bringing apologies from nine more whose parents, luckily, would not let them venture through the streets. We had a short but interesting meeting, and hope to begin full force this Saturday, since the present revolution appears to be abortive.”

Peru

Miss Nicklin is anxiously awaiting her permit to enter Peru. The difficulties now arising necessitate great patience, but the Guardian never relaxes in his urge for more pioneers.

Montevideo

The very helpful visit of Mrs. Barton is being reflected in that city where her son Wilfred has now been residing for many months. Bright hopes arise from the reports of the work there. Montevideo is such a lovely city that it should have the spiritual capacity with its beauty.

Haiti

No recent word from the Blackwells, but we know they are doing splendid work and have several registered believers.

Cuba

Mrs. Hoagg has returned to this country for some special teaching work, leaving Miss Josephine Kruka in Havana. The friends in Havana will retain their center during the summer and this committee will hope to send another teacher there in the fall.

Argentina

We are looking for the translation of the Dispensation from Buenos Aires as the details were arranged by Philip Sprague before he left. If this should be a satisfactory translation after review, it will probably be printed forthwith. The Bahá’í Procedure in Spanish is now in the process of being made ready for circulation in mimeographed form. The cost will be announced by the NSA.

San Domingo

Dear Miss Lentz is still waiting patiently for a visit from Gertrude Gewertz. We hope this may soon eventuate.

Applications

The committee will be glad to consider any and all applications and make recommendations to the NSA.

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Our Bahá’í Schools

Louhelen Extends Season

This year at Louhelen an informal vacation season, July 19 to August 8, will be offered between the more formally planned sessions previously held. It will be possible to take up in this session a more prolonged study of Spanish, and to enjoy in a leisurely way the bountiful gifts of the new library. This is regarded as a family session. Special children’s classes will be organized, if needed, as well as fireside chats, teaching discussions, and study groups for adults.

The life of Qurratu’l-‘Ayn has been written in the form of a play by Mrs. Earl Andrews of Lima. The teaching spirit is in this little play to a profound degree, and we are happy to announce that the author has offered [Page 12] it to Louhelen for use in both Youth sessions.

The Louhelen committee calls attention to a change of program for the Laboratory session. In lieu of the proposed public speaking course, Mrs. Virginia Camelon will present “The Heart of The Bahá’í Faith,” a course tracing the historic Covenant and Covenant of Bahá'u‘lláh in the present day. Attention is also called to the emphasis upon the study of the Qur’án in this session. This study will be intensively carried on with daily assignments. The friends are requested to bring copies of the Iqán and the Rodwell Qur’án if possible. Concerning this illuminating study the Guardian has written: “The knowledge of this sacred Scripture is absolutely indispensable for every believer who wishes to adequately understand, and intelligently read the writings of Bahá’u’lláh.”

Geyserville Celebrates Fifteenth Anniversary

The Geyserville School Committee announces that the 1941 season will be the fifteenth anniversary of the founding of the School on the property made available by Mr. and Mrs. John Bosch. From a circular letter issued by the Committee, we quote the following excerpts:

“It seems only a short time ago that our beloved John and Louise Bosch stood under the now famous ‘Big Tree’ and announced to an astonished and delighted audience that they were donating their property to establish a Bahá’í Summer School. Since then much has happened. Thanks to the devotion and generosity of the believers, new and beautiful buildings have been added, attendance has grown, activities have multiplied, and in general, the school has assumed unity and dignity, and has become a rallying center to which believers gather yearly to seek knowledge and inspiration for the spread of the Cause.

“As we stand before this fifteenth milestone, we are greatly encouraged by the past growth; but as we look ahead, we realize that we have only started on the long path which ultimately leads to the World Order of Bahá’u’lláh. We must multiply our efforts, increase our knowledge, perfect our methods, and withal revitalize ourselves with new power through the ever-inspiring words of the Manifestation for this day. Where could we do this better than in the Bahá’í Summer Schools throughout the land? The Bahá’í Schools have become a vital factor in the march toward a divinely ordained world order.

“It is in this spirit that we, the members of the Geyserville Summer School Committee, wish to join hands with every believer in the Western States to make the 15th Anniversary Session a great leap forward in the progress of this institution.”

“The Committee welcomes any suggestions that will contribute to the growth and success of the Summer School. We are especially in need of volunteers, people who have the welfare of the school at heart, who definitely plan to be at Geyserville as long as possible, and who are willing and able to shoulder specific responsibilities.”

International School

The program for the International School is outlined to cover the following points of interest:

1. Study of health and hygiene for Latin America.
2. Behavior and responsibility to the Cause, of individual teachers.
3. Techniques of speaking to groups, with Knowledge of their psychology and background.
4. Importance of having a consecutive plan of teaching.
5. Danger of introducing advance teaching which might be misunderstood.
6. Necessity of taking each Latin-American country and studying the geography, history, religion, racial characteristics, cultural background, and government.

For helpful reading this month the International School Committee suggests “The Donkey Inside,” a book by Ludwig Bemelman, and the magazine, “Pan-American Good Neighbor Forum.” Particular attention is called to the March number of the latter, in which a stimulating article on Brazil gives good advice to those looking forward to visiting that country.

The Committee reports that Professor Stephen Torney, of the University of Utah, will replace Professor Hayes with the program. He will be speak on “Practical Philosophy In Teaching Work.”

Bahá’í Directory

The list of Committees appointed by the National Spiritual Assembly for the year beginning July 1, 1941, is published as Bahá’í Directory, Part I, with this issue of Bahá’í News. On account of changes and additions, the list will be supplemented in the fall with corrections to bring it up to date. Please note the brief description of functions accompanying the Committee list.

Part II of the Directory will include the local Assemblies and Groups of the United States and Canada and appear as an insert to Bahá’í News of July.

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Enrollments and Transfers

Atlanta, three. San Francisco, one. Binghamton, one. Philadelphia, four. Lima, one. New York, seven, West Chester, one. Vancouver, one. Washington, one. Chicago, three. Flint, one youth. Seattle, one. Portland, two. Los Angeles, three.

The enrollment of twenty isolated believers is reported for April.

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In Memoriam

Grant, O my Lord, that they who have ascended unto Thee may repair unto Him Who is the most exalted Companion, and abide beneath the shadow of the Tabernacle of Thy majesty and the Sanctuary of Thy glory.—Bahá’u’lláh.

Andrew Bowhill, Portland, Oregon.

John Sherman, Milwaukee.

Mrs. Ada Lammersen, Chicago.

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Bahá’í Calendar

Nineteen Day Feasts: Mercy, June 24; Words, July 13; Perfection, August 1.

Anniversary: Martyrdom of the Báb, July 9.

Meeting of the National Spiritual Assembly: July 4, 5, 6.

Annual Souvenir of ‘Abdu’l-Bahá at West Englewood: June 28.

Summer School sessions: Green Acre, season opens June 30; Geyserville, July 6 to 26; Louhelen Ranch, first youth session, June 29-July 5; laboratory session, July 8-17; Temerity Ranch, teachers’ session, June 20-30, and youth session, July 1-10.

Southern Teaching Conference: Vogel Park, Georgia, June 14-21.