Bahá’í News/Issue 453/Text
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| No. 453 | BAHA’I YEAR 125 | DECEMBER, 1968 |
Education or Pioneering?[edit]
To the Bahá’í Youth in Every Land
Dear Bahá’í Friends,
In the two years since we last addressed the youth of the Bahá’í world many remarkable advances have been made in the fortunes of the Faith. Not the least of these is the enrollment under the banner of Bahá’u’lláh of a growing army of young men and women eager to serve His Cause. The zeal, the enthusiasm, the steadfastness and the devotion of the youth in every land have brought great joy and assurance to our hearts.
During the last days of August and the first days of September, when nearly two thousand believers from all over the world gathered in the Holy Land to commemorate the Centenary of Bahá’u’lláh’s arrival on these sacred shores, we had an opportunity to observe at first hand those qualities of good character, selfless service and determined effort exemplified in the youth who served as volunteer helpers, and we wish to express our gratitude for their loving assistance and for their example.
Many of them offered to pioneer, but one perplexing question recurred: Shall I continue my education, or should I pioneer now? Undoubtedly this same question is in the mind of every young Bahá’í wishing to dedicate his life to the advancement of the Faith. There is no stock answer which applies to all situations; the beloved Guardian gave different answers to different individuals on this question. Obviously circumstances vary with each individual case. Each individual must decide how he can best serve the Cause. In making this decision, it will be helpful to weigh the following factors:
- Upon becoming a Bahá’í one’s whole life is, or should become devoted to the progress of the Cause of God, and every talent or faculty he possesses is ultimately committed to this overriding life objective. Within this framework he must consider, among other things, whether by continuing his education now he can be a more effective pioneer later, or alternatively whether the urgent need for pioneers, while possibilities for teaching are still open, outweighs an anticipated increase in effectiveness. This is not an easy decision, since oftentimes the spirit which prompts the pioneering offer is more important than one’s academic attainments.
- One’s liability for military service may be a factor in timing the offer of pioneer service.
- One may have outstanding obligations to others, including those who may be dependent on one for support.
- It may be possible to combine a pioneer project with a continuing educational program. Consideration may also be given to the possibility that a pioneering experience, even though it interrupts the formal educational program, may prove beneficial in the long run in that studies would later be resumed with a more mature outlook.
- The urgency of a particular goal which one is especially qualified to fill and for which there are no other offers.
- The fact that the need for pioneers will undoubtedly be with us for many generations to come, and that therefore there will be many calls in future for pioneering service.
- The principle of consultation also applies. One may have the obligation to consult others, such as one’s parents, one’s Local and National Assemblies, and the pioneering committees.
- Finally, bearing in mind the principle of sacrificial service and the unfailing promises Bahá’u’lláh ordained for those who arise to serve His Cause, one should pray and meditate on what one’s course of action will be. Indeed, it often happens that the answer will be found in no other way.
We assure the youth that we are mindful of the many important decisions they must make as they tread the path of service to Bahá’u’lláh. We will offer our ardent supplications at the Holy Threshold that all will be divinely guided and that they will attract the blessings of the All-Merciful.
—THE UNIVERSAL HOUSE OF JUSTICE
Bahá’í World Center
Haifa, Israel
October 9, 1968
A Message from the Hands of the Cause in the Western Hemisphere[edit]
On the historic occasion of the announcement by the
Supreme Body of the Faith, the Universal House of
Justice, of action taken to insure the development of
“the Institution of the Hands of the Cause with a view
to extension into the future of its appointed functions of
protection and propagation,” the Hands of the Cause of
God in the Western Hemisphere are moved to convey
loving greetings to all the dedicated servants in Bahá’u’lláh’s “Army of Light” whose efforts have continuously supported those of the Hands in the Western
Hemisphere and their Auxiliary Boards.
It seems appropriate too, that we express our thanks
for the generous contributions to the Continental Bahá’í Fund, which have flowed from the World Centre to
the Faith, the National Spiritual Assemblies, and the
dearly loved friends throughout the entire Hemisphere — this Fund which is blessed through its initiation by the beloved of all hearts, Shoghi Effendi, in his
April 6, 1954 message to the Bahá’í World:
“Urge initiation five Continental Bahá’í Funds which, as they develop will increasingly facilitate discharge functions assigned Boards. Transmitting five thousand pounds (as) my initial contribution (to) be equally divided five Continents. Appeal twelve National Assemblies individuals insure steady augmentation Funds through annual assignment National Budgets (and by) individual contributions ...”
It is through this Fund that the work of the Institution of the Hands of the Cause has been steadily accelerated throughout the entire Hemisphere. Always, as the increasing needs arose to carry out important missions through services of the members of the Auxiliary Boards, funds were available — and this is through the generosity, the love and devotion of the believers. We are happy to share with the friends the information that through careful and economical administration of this Fund, which has been used strictly according to the spirit of the instructions of the beloved Guardian; and in spite of the increasing protection and propagation activities carried forward by this institution, support of this fund has been so wholehearted and spontaneous that a considerable amount accumulated. This amount has now been divided and allocated to the three new Continental zones in the Western Hemisphere, to be administered by the respective Continental Boards of Counsellors.
By: Zikru’lláh Khádem
Trustee of the Continental Fund for
the Western Hemisphere
September, 1968
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All contributions for the support of the continuing work of the Institution of the Hands of the Cause in North America should be addressed to:
If preferred, the contribution can be sent to:
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The Continental Board of Counsellors for Europe at the Ḥaẓíratu’l-Quds in Brussels. Left to right: Louis Henuzet, Mrs. Dorothy Ferraby, Erik Blumenthal.
RIGHT:
First meeting of the Continental Board of Counsellors for
South America with the Hand of the Cause, in Cochabamba,
Bolivia, August 12-18. Left to right: Donald Witzel; Athos
Costas; Hand of the Cause of God, Jalah Khazeh; Hooper
Dunbar.
THE PROCLAMATION OF BAHÁ'U'LLÁH[edit]
is Presented to Officials of India[edit]
NSA representative making presentation
to Dr. Ram Subhag Singh, Minister of
Parliamentary Affairs.
NSA representatives with the Indian Minister of Petroleum, Mr. Ashok Mehta on
whom they called to present the book.
Bahá’ís of Bombay make presentation to
the Chief Minister of Maharashtra, Mr.
V. P. Naik (extreme left).
Representatives of the NSA with Mr.
Satya Narayan Sinha, Minister of Health
of India.
Bahá’ís of Calcutta present the book to
the Governor of West Bengal, (center).
Participants at a teaching conference held at Devlali, India. August 15-18, 1968.
The Bahá’í World Community — One Century After Bahá’u’lláh’s Journey[edit]
First Oceanic Conference in Palermo August, 1968
IN SPEAKING OF THE INFLUENCE of the Prophets
of God on the evolution of humanity, the Beloved
Master, ‘Abdu’l-Bahá, commenting on the consequences
of Abraham’s exile upon the whole of Europe and most
of Asia, said:
“Since the exile of Abraham from Ur to Aleppo in Syria produced this result, we must consider what will be the effect of the exile of Bahá’u’lláh in His several removes from Ṭihrán to Baghdád, from thence to Constantinople, to Rumelia, and to the Holy Land.”1
Dramatic Days of the Master’s Ministry[edit]
This statement, made some sixty-two years ago, was a ray of hope to the Bahá’ís of those troublous days — perhaps the most dramatic of the Master’s Ministry, when the merciless forces of opposition were endangering the Master’s own precious life and the safety of the Cause of God. Thirty-eight years had passed since the arrival of Bahá’u’lláh and the little band of His followers at the penal colony of ‘Akká. During this period ‘Abdu’l-Bahá had witnessed and participated in the forging and consolidation of an endless chain of events, leading to the establishment and operation of the unifying force of His illustrious Father’s Revelation. These events included construction of the Báb’s Sepulchre on Mt. Carmel; erection of the first Mashriqu’l-Adhkár of the Bahá’í world, in Turkistán; the penning of that immortal document, His Will and Testament, in which He heralded the establishment of the World Order envisaged by the Báb and ordained by Bahá’u’lláh, outlined the Administrative Order which would arise after His own passing, and firmly implemented the Covenant, with vision set upon the glory to come: the ransom of Bahá’u’lláh’s forty years of suffering and banishment!
In a few days we shall joyfully gather on the shores of this same Mediterranean Sea which touches Palermo, in the land of our heart’s desire, by the Most Great Prison, with the view of the Holy Mountain to the west, to commemorate the moment when the Blessed Beauty’s feet touched that hallowed soil. And there and then we shall ask ourselves, in wonderment: Is this a dream? The fleeting one hundred years of sorrow and joy, of labor and difficulties, of rise and fall, of accomplishments and illusions, of victories and exaltations, will be rapidly reviewed in our minds, filling our hearts with celestial happiness. Then we shall realize that the power of Bahá’u’lláh’s mighty Revelation, in one hundred years, has burst beyond the confines of Persia and the East, has penetrated into the most remote regions of the earth and encircled the whole globe. As the rain brings life and blossoms to the sands of the desert, so this Revelation, propelled by the power of the Holy Spirit, has brought a profusion of flowers and fruits to the parched soil of man’s heart, and has initiated the powerful change of climate in the affairs of the whole human race.
Unprecedented Progress in First Century[edit]
Little did the small band of followers who shared the fate of such an august Personage, one hundred years ago, imagine that the Revelation manifested through His Word would advance so very far on the road leading to world-wide recognition and undisputed triumph. No one would have believed then that His Cause would, in one century, sail across the seven seas, reach the heart of each of the five continents, and be proclaimed and acclaimed as the very remedy needed to heal the ills of the world, and as the sole refuge for a spiritually starved mankind emerging from the suspicion and dogmatism of an unenlightened age.
By comparison, no dispensation of the past can display in time and space a similar greatness of achievement, nor offer such a magnitude of events to come that will weld creeds, races and nations into an organic and inseparable unit in which the eternal law of love, interlaced with order and justice, will be master of man’s destiny.
Beloved friends, my heart is overflowing with gratitude for the wonders which we, as witnesses of the first century after Bahá’u’lláh’s arrival in ‘Akká, are actually beholding. My mind is awe-stricken by innumerable facets, each one a resplendent sun, which reflect upon this contingent world myriads of promises fulfilled, promises which are enshrined in the very core of Bahá’u’lláh’s Revelation. It is not the age of technical developments and wonders that leads mankind along the path of regeneration, but the dynamic potency of His revealed Word which, in this past century, has influenced all human affairs, and will continue to advance to fulfill His very last promise.
The Bahá’í Community in 1968[edit]
To attempt to present to you the true status of the Bahá’í world community, in this year 1968, is a task of such magnitude that it would require not only many hours but a volume of statistical facts, as well. As both cannot be a part of this presentation, I shall limit myself to the most salient points, hoping that your rejoicing will be as great as mine.
Shining as bright as a star of the first magnitude is the birth and evolution of the Administrative Order which, as I have already mentioned, sprang from and is the framework of the Master’s Will and Testament, and is not only the nucleus but the true pattern of the New World Order which is destined in time to embrace the whole of mankind.
I cannot proceed any further without paying a tribute to the unforgettable and much loved Guardian of the Cause, Shoghi Effendi, whose boundless vision and indefatigable labors were the luminous polestar of his
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precious existence. His guidance, from the time of the
passing of his beloved Grandfather, the Master, until
the very last days of his incomparably fruitful life on
this earth, gave the prime and lasting impetus to the
inception and evolution of the Administrative Order:
“to be conceived,” in the Guardian’s own words, “as an
instrument and not a substitute for the Faith of Bahá’u’lláh, that it should be regarded as a channel through
which His promised blessings may flow ...”2
The Crown of the Administrative Order[edit]
All the Guardian’s writings are permeated with anticipation of the birth of the crown and glory of the Administrative Order, that supreme organ of the Bahá’í Commonwealth, The Universal House of Justice. Beloved friends, on this Centenary anniversary we see the mighty edifice of the Administrative Order embracing all continents, all people, all ethnic groups. The bejewelled crown, resplendent in its genuine beauty, infallible, created of equity, justice and universal love, now leads the Faith of Bahá’u’lláh to its ultimate destiny, luster and fame. The stupendous dome of an indestructible structure, The Universal House of Justice, the splendor and glory of the Bahá’í world, rests upon eighty-one firm and enduring pillars, eighty-one National Spiritual Assemblies. These have been erected in eighty-one of the one hundred thirty-five independent nations in which the Faith has been established, thus bringing to seven hundred and twenty-nine (81 x 9) the number of electors of The Universal House of Justice itself. In the immediate years to come, the number of such pillars will be greatly increased, making the Bahá’í Faith a truly universal Faith.
Let us look back and see the marvel of the happenings of the past one hundred years. At the end of the “Heroic Age”, during the Ministry of ‘Abdu’l-Bahá (1892-1921), thirty-five countries had been opened to the Faith. Today the number of countries opened to our beloved Cause has increased to 314, and there are 32,000 localities in the world where Bahá’ís reside. At Riḍván 1968 the Universal House of Justice reported there were 31,883, with the number mounting daily.
World Wide Scope of the Faith[edit]
To give an over-all view of the magnitude and importance of the present structure of the Administrative Order of Bahá’u’lláh — aside from the spiritual and administrative order at the World Center of the Faith to which I shall refer later on — it will suffice to say that there are 73 National Ḥaẓíratu’l-Quds, with others in the process of acquisition; unnumbered local Ḥaẓíratu’l-Quds, perhaps many thousands; 50 Temple sites; 62 National Endowments; 12 permanent summer and winter schools; 22 teaching institutes; and 71 educational schools throughout the Bahá’í world, plus an uncounted number of teaching institutes and summer and winter schools on a seasonal basis, which enliven the teaching activities of the 6,000 local spiritual assemblies and 26,000 Bahá’í groups. Moreover, to enhance the prestige and give evidence of the sacredness of our Precious Cause, five Mashriqu’l-Adhkárs have been erected, through great effort and at tremendous cost, in the continents of Africa, America, Australia, Asia and Europe. The one in Asia (at ‘Ishqábád) had to be demolished recently after it was seriously damaged by a violent earthquake. A corner-stone has already been placed in the erection of yet another Temple in the heart of the Americas, in Panama, the crossroads of the East, the West, the North and the South. In time other Bahá’í Houses of Worship will be built throughout the world. The spiritual significance of such edifices, so holy and beautiful, cannot be sufficiently emphasized, as they stand as symbol of the singleness of God and the oneness of mankind, the “silent teachers,” as they were called by the beloved Master.
Foremost in my mind at this time is the importance of racial amalgamation, the true healing miracle of the Faith of Bahá’u’lláh, which is gaining momentum within the pale of our beloved Cause with vigor unprecedented in the whole history of humanity. Well over one thousand races, tribes and minority groups are safely sheltered under the exalted canopy of the unifying power of Bahá’u’lláh’s Revelation, welded into a world brotherhood, united in one purpose.
The Problem of Language[edit]
From the very inception of this Revelation, the matter of languages presented a difficulty which, with expansion of the Faith among people of different tongues throughout the world, became a growing problem requiring all the ingenuity of the followers of Bahá’u’lláh to solve it. It is a well-known fact that only in the last century, Christianity was able at last to reach a nation in the very heart of Asia and the Gospels were translated into the language of that country. Shoghi Effendi was very conscious of the problems that the difference in language would bring, and he prepared himself early for the ponderous task of making accurate and scholarly translations of the Sacred Writings into English, thus opening the way for a stream of translations to flow through this western language into myriads of different languages and for their publication throughout the world. To date, Bahá’í literature is printed in over four hundred languages, well over one hundred translations are ready for printing, and the Bahá’í literature has been further enriched in fifty-seven languages.
To cope with such a weighty task, ten Publishing Trusts, in both East and West, have been created and have raised the standard in presentation of Bahá’í literature, distinguishing it above the variety of religious literature generally existing in the world. Thus, from the Supreme Pen of Bahá’u’lláh the regenerating
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Word of God flows with a new freshness and potency to
all men who are willing to read this message.
Beloved friends, the Cause of God is a living organism, constantly unfolding and permeating every avenue and byway of our present-day civilization, bringing rays of hope to the hearts and setting humanity upon the right course toward a World Commonwealth operating under Bahá’í laws. Recognition of the prestige of the Faith is becoming an everyday experience. Fifty-six of the eighty-one National Spiritual Assemblies are incorporated within the laws of their countries, notably the one in this beautiful land of Italy whose guests we are today. Nearly 600 local spiritual assemblies are also incorporated, and are now permitted to acquire property and to conduct all administrative and social activities allowed by law.
Widespread Recognition[edit]
The Proclamation period now in effect in our Nine Year Plan has brought further acclaim and recognition to the Faith: Kings, heads of governments and high priests, including the present Pontiff, Paul VI, have each been presented with a copy of a compilation of Tablets of Bahá’u’lláh to the kings and rulers of His time. In the majority of cases the books have been graciously received and acknowledged, opening the way to a better understanding of the purposes and aims of the Faith on the part of many governments of the world.
In the field of recognition of the Faith we must mention that twenty-three countries, plus forty-three states of the United States and the District of Columbia, have duly recognized the legality of marriage performed by Bahá’í institutions. Similarly, recognition of Bahá’í Holy Days has been granted as applying to schools and public employment, by twenty-three countries and by 139 localities scattered in thirty-nine states of the Union and the District of Columbia.
Let us rejoice in the knowledge that after one hundred years the name of Bahá’u’lláh, then obscure and unknown prisoner of the Turks, is today on the lips of these kings and heads of state and of the countless government officials who have also received copies of the Proclamation book.
All the publicity media are devoting more and more time and space to bringing knowledge of the Faith to millions by way of the cinema, television, radio and the press. I wish we could offer you statistics as to the number of articles appearing in newspapers and magazines, some of it illustrated with beautiful colored photographs. During the first ten months of the Proclamation period at least a million pieces of Bahá’í literature have been distributed free, by the Bahá’ís in the cold regions of Alaska, the Yukon and Lapland, in the torrid plateaus of South America and the heart of Africa, from the East and the West, in all the islands of the seven seas, in all the continents of the world. It is a rising clamor of acclamation, a blazing fire of recognition, which fills the hearts with joy and spurs us on to ever greater deeds. Little did the small band of prisoners landing in ‘Akká that fated day of August 31, 1868, know that a century later the exalted name of their Leader would be crossing the ether in invisible waves and making headlines in print.
To give one example only, I wish to relate to you that in West Germany a Bahá’í publication revolving around the Intercontinental Conference in Frankfurt last October, has been distributed to 43,301 schools in the whole country, a feat that will have wonderful and unexpected repercussions among the students of those schools.
Participation in United Nations[edit]
Since 1948 the Bahá’í Faith has been accredited to the United Nations as a non-governmental organization participating in scores of international meetings in various parts of the world. Today, there is a well-established Bahá’í representation to that body, under the directives of The Universal House of Justice, which is adding prestige to the Cause but giving, as well, the opportunity to establish cordial relations with the official representatives to that concourse of nations.
Beloved friends, let us now consider the heart of that sublime and consecrated Spot from which emanate the spiritual potencies sustaining and guiding the destiny of our Faith.
Significance of the Tablet of Carmel[edit]
“Haste thee, O Carmel,” proclaims the Pen of Bahá’u’lláh,3 “for lo, the light of the Countenance of God, the Ruler of the Kingdom of Names and Fashioner of the heavens, hath been lifted upon thee.” “Rejoice, for God hath in this Day established upon thee His throne, hath made thee the dawning-place of His Signs and the day spring of the evidences of His Revelation.” “Ere long will God sail His Ark upon thee and will manifest the people of Bahá who have been mentioned in the Book of Names.”
The two monarchs who had cruelly engineered Bahá’u’lláh’s fourth exile, to Palestine, could have had no inkling that their very action was to rebound to the Glory of the Cause of God, fulfilling all the ancient prophecies of Christianity and Islám, so that the spiritual and administrative center of the Faith of Bahá’u’lláh would be established on the slopes of that Holy Mountain and in the twin cities of ‘Akká and Haifa.
On this Centenary date the magnificent mausoleum of the Báb, with its golden dome, stands on the western end of the beautiful Bahá’í gardens on Mt. Carmel, in the exact spot designated for it by Bahá’u’lláh. While in the gardens to the east stands the Tomb of the Most Holy Leaf, near to which are the tombs of the brother, mother and wife of our Master, ‘Abdu’l-Bahá, all surrounded by infinite beauty and loveliness, as the focal center around which are developing the world-directing administrative institutions ordained by Bahá’u’lláh and anticipated by ‘Abdu’l-Bahá.
In explaining the meaning of that passage which I have just cited from the Tablet of Carmel, the beloved Guardian stated when I was in his presence that “the people of Bahá” referred to the members of The Universal House of Justice, and “the Ark”, to the world administrative center. The “people of Bahá”, the nine universally elected members of The Universal House of Justice, are now established in the powerfully spiritual administrative World Center of the Faith, directing all the affairs of the Cause and shaping the most eagerly awaited gem of Bahá’u’lláh’s Revelation, His World Order.
Friends! Our gratitude, our fervent prayers, our love,
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our esteem and respect go out to these loyal and
trustworthy members of The Universal House of Justice
whose exemplary lives of dedication are a constant
reminder to us that to serve God, detachment, consecration and sacrifice are the essential requisites of a
Bahá’í.
The Hands of the Cause of God appointed by the beloved Guardian, assisted by their Auxiliary Boards, are serving throughout the world as the standard bearers of the Cause of Bahá’u’lláh, as the “Chief Stewards” of His embryonic World Commonwealth, bringing to the friends words of praise and encouragement, promoting learning, diffusing the Divine Fragrances and edifying the souls of men. The Hands of the Cause are one of the most precious assets of the Bahá’í world and will continue to convey to their very last their spiritual inspiration, the beloved Guardian’s own heritage.
There are one hundred and thirty-five Auxiliary Board members throughout the world who indefatigably render outstanding services in the fields of propagation and protection of the Faith.
To further strengthen the Institution of the Hands of the Cause and to extend their functions into the future, The Universal House of Justice has called into existence eleven Continental Boards of Counsellors, who have already assumed their sacred responsibilities.
A View of the World Center[edit]
There is much yet to be said, dear friends, but I will conclude my remarks by delineating to you what you will see at the World Center of the Faith, which we shall visit in a very few days:
There are two cities, spiritual anchors of the Faith, ‘Akká and Haifa.
There are two Shrines, Bahá’u’lláh’s and the Báb’s. The rare beauty of the formal gardens surrounding the Shrine of Bahá’u’lláh and the Mansion of Bahjí, situated just south of ‘Akká, has become legendary. The majestic serenity of that Holy Spot, the point of adoration of the Bahá’ís of the world, has no rival anywhere on the globe. The spiritual goal of Bahá’u’lláh’s followers, and the center of interest for thousands of weekly visitors, it is a landmark of the highest spiritual potency. From there His Spirit radiates everywhere, bringing solace and hope, contentment and joy to the heart and soul of every believer.
- There are two Mansions, Bahjí and Mazra’ih, near ‘Akká.
- Two Houses, Bahá’u’lláh’s in ‘Akká and ‘Abdu’l-Bahá’s in Haifa.
- Two Holy Gardens, Riḍván and Firdawzi.
- One International Archives.
- One Pilgrim House, on Mt. Carmel.
As we bow our heads in silent prayer to glorify the central Figures of our beloved Faith — the Forerunner, the Founder, the Perfect Exemplar and the Guardian — we turn our grateful hearts in thought also of the Letters, the heroes, the martyrs, the Hands of the Cause, the pioneers, the teachers and the administrators who have preceded us in the victorious march of sublime and selfless deeds and have made it possible for us today to witness the greatness, the glory and the triumphs of Bahá’u’lláh’s sure Cause which will rule supreme over man’s destiny for the next five hundred centuries.
References:
- God Passes By, p. 107-108 (SAQ 15-16).
- The World Order of Bahá’u’lláh, p. 9.
- Tablet of Carmel, Gleanings. XI.
At the Summer School held at the Ḥaẓíratu’l-Quds in Ujjain, India June 1 to 10, 1968. The over one hundred who attended included members of the newly enrolled Gaddi tribe of Himachal Pradesh. Sessions covered subjects including Bahá’í history and
administration, comparative religion, Bahá’í laws and teaching and were so inspiring that at the end of the school many youths
offered to serve as teachers of the tribal people. Hand of the Cause Dr. Mühajir who helped plan the sessions was present to lead
classes and inspire the participants.
Know Your Baha’i Literature[edit]
The Divine Art of Living
Compiled by Mabel Hyde Paine
(Reviewed by Kathleen Javid)
The Divine Art of Living is a rich source for individual deepening or group study, the prelude and accompaniment to Proclamation called for by The Universal House of Justice in its Riḍván ’67 Message. It is likewise an excellent basic introductory book to the Faith for the spiritually hungry unsophisticated masses.
This compilation consists mainly of the Creative Word of God revealed by Bahá’u’lláh, and simple powerful explanations given by ‘Abdu’l-Bahá on practical application of spiritual principles. Interspersed throughout are a few passages from the Bible which subtly allow the seeker to recognize the single source of all Revelation.
As an introduction to the Faith, The Divine Art of Living immerses the thirsty seeker immediately in the ocean of His words offering spiritual sanctuary for those whom current cataclysmic events have shaken to the realization of the impermanence of the material realm. To the frustrated, the fear ridden, the sorrow laden, it offers new and deeper understanding of the purpose of life and presents the spiritual principles necessary today for self-understanding and development of the inner spiritual resources with which we are all endowed.
Capacity of the Seeker[edit]
The message and teachings must always be geared to the interest and capacity of the seeker. The Divine Art of Living is most suitable for the spiritually receptive souls. For those who must be awakened through their current interests, our secondary sources of Bahá’í literature might be the first approach. For he who seeks solutions to the basic universal individual and social problems, there is Rúḥíyyih Khánum’s Prescription for Living; for the intellectually curious who seek a broad basic understanding of the history, social principles, administration and laws of the Bahá’í Faith as well as its spiritual teachings, two choices exist — Bahá’u’lláh and the New Era, the first basic Bahá’í text, by Dr. Esslemont, and the more recent All Things Made New by John Ferraby (currently under revision by author); for the Christian and theologian, there is Christ and Bahá’u’lláh by George Townshend; for those who see society disintegrating and civilization crumbling, Renewal of Civilization by David Hoffman might be a wise selection. Indeed all of our secondary sources of Bahá’í information — books about the Faith written by Bahá’ís — have a range of appeal for different mentalities, capacities and interests and can awaken and catapult the curious contact toward the intended target of sincere investigation and quest for truth. The Divine Art of Living which is the Creative Word of God in its deepest simplicity, will have the greatest appeal for the spiritually awakened soul who can recognize the light instantly.
Must First Teach Ourselves[edit]
Bahá’u’lláh has commanded each of us to teach and to obey His laws. He has also told us that to be effective as a teacher, we must first teach our own selves. The Divine Art of Living is an excellent handbook to teach ourselves as individuals.
Themes dealt with under major chapter headings include the potential spiritual qualities of the soul, and stepping-stones which we must utilize and develop as we seek spiritual advancement. Among these are Trust in God, Prayer and Meditation, the Power of the Holy Spirit, Faith and Certitude, Detachment and Sacrifice, Rectitude and Purity, Obedience and Humility, and Love and Unity to mention but a few.
The Creative Word might be likened to a powerful magnet. When searching souls respond to it and are influenced by it, they become magnetized with the divine love and lines of spiritual power radiating from them magnetize and transform those whom they contact.
Reading of the Word of God daily is enjoined by Bahá’u’lláh “that ye may unravel its secrets and dissolve all the pearls of wisdom that lie hid in its depths” that the soul, “may soar on the wings of revelation to the Dawning place of proofs. This brings you nearer to God, were ye of those who understand.” (p. 41)
“Intone, O My servant, the verses of God that have been received by thee, as intoned by them who have drawn nigh unto Him, that the sweetness of thy melody may kindle thine own soul, and attract the hearts of all men. Whoso reciteth, in the privacy of his chamber, the verses revealed by God, the scattering angels of the Almighty shall scatter abroad the fragrance of the words uttered by his mouth, and shall cause the heart of every righteous man to throb. Though he may, at first remain unaware of its effect, yet the virtue of the grace vouchsafed unto him must needs sooner or later exercise its influence upon his soul.” counsels Bahá’u’lláh (p. 37).
Power of the Holy Spirit[edit]
Investigation of a single theme in The Divine Art of Living such as the chapter on Prayer and Meditation
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increases our spiritual comprehension. Neophyte or
seasoned Bahá’í will gain added understanding and
new meaning each time he reads the chapter. Prayer,
the seeker learns, is “a light to his heart, an illumination to his sight, a life to his soul and an exaltation to
his being.” (p. 26) Prayer “... causes a connection
between the servant and the True One.” (p. 27)
Through attraction to the Kingdom as the result of
prayer, “one’s ability and capacity increase.” (p. 26)
Instructions are given on How to Pray, What to Pray For, and Answers to Prayer, as well as a lengthy section on Praise and Gratitude.
As one gropes for greater comprehension, he becomes aware that he is unable to advance spiritually by his own unaided efforts.
“We understand” explains ‘Abdu’l-Bahá “that the Holy Spirit is the energizing factor in the life of man. Whosoever receives this power is able to influence all with whom he comes in contact ...
“The difference between spiritual philosophers and others is shown by their lives. The Spiritual Teacher shows his belief in his own teaching by himself being what he recommends to others.
“An humble man without learning, but filled with the Holy Spirit, is more powerful than the most profound scholar, without that inspiration. He who is educated by the Divine Spirit can, in his time, lead others to receive the same Spirit....” (p. 45)
Such passages guide the seeker step by step along the path of the Kingdom.
Sacrifice of Self-Will[edit]
One theme which is interwoven throughout the book is that human failings must be replaced by divine qualities, that our will, our desire — our very self — must be sacrificed, so that we rely completely on God’s Will, until we reach the point where we see with His eye and hear with His ear.
“The mystery of sacrifice is that man should sacrifice all his conditions for the divine station of God. The station of God is mercy, kindness, forgiveness, sacrifice, favor, grace and giving life to the spirits and lighting the fire of His love in the hearts and arteries,” according to ‘Abdu’l-Bahá. (p. 73)
The book itself and the subject The Divine Art of Living might best be summarized by one quotation from ‘Abdu’l-Bahá:
“Nearness to God is possible through devotion to Him, through entrance into the Kingdom, and service to humanity; it is attained by unity with mankind and through loving-kindness to all; it is dependent upon investigation of truth, acquisition of praiseworthy virtues, service in the cause of Universal Peace, and personal sanctification. In a word, nearness to God necessitates sacrifice of self, severance and the giving up of all to Him. Nearness is likeness.” (p. 73-74)
Bahá’u’lláh suffered untold miseries that mankind might be awakened to the station of sacrifice. True world unity, which is the purpose of Bahá’u’lláh’s Revelation can be achieved only when men give up their individual wills and choose knowingly to follow the Will of God.
Application of the verses in The Divine Art of Living will enable every sincere soul to more effectively contribute to the final glorious goal of World Unity.
First Local Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of Yaounde, the
Federal capitol of the Republic of Cameroon. Seated (left to
right): Miss Louie Stewart (secretary); Alfred Defang (chairman); Emmanuel Begoumenie (vice-chairman); Standing (left
to right): David Eyong, Paul Nkono, Jacob Ayukotang, John
Ayuk; and Elias Eta (treasurer). Ernest Ayompe was absent.
Press and Radio in the Cameroons[edit]
With the inception of the period of Proclamation at the Feast of Mashíyyat, 1967, the Faith has enjoyed quite unprecedented publicity during the past year, in the Cameroon Times, major newspaper for West Cameroon, which has a circulation of some 2,500. A total of 15 news items have been reported comprising a total of 129 column inches, including photographs, on different occasions. An outstanding opportunity was given in the “Letters to the Editor” column when a reader wrote asking “What is a Bahá’í?” This was answered in an article submitted through the National Assembly covering two-thirds of a page, giving a brief summary of the Faith, its principles, history and major teachings.
In addition to the press publicity the Radio Cameroon, Buea, has made several mentions of the Faith in news announcements, and the visit of Mr. Jenabe Caldwell was marked by an invitation to him to give a 22 minute interview answering questions on the Faith. This was broadcast on “Radio Newsreel” immediately after the news broadcast on March 22, 1968.
Baha’i in the News[edit]
The Tundra Times, a newspaper published in Fairbanks, Alaska, owned and edited by Eskimos, Indians, and Aleuts of Alaska, published a large, illustrated article concerning the presence of Joyce Norman, a Tlingit-Haida Indian from Sitka, Alaska, at the Palermo Bahá’í Conference and the Commemoration in the Holy Land. Joyce and her husband, Frederick, became Bahá’ís in Fairbanks in 1964. The article gave considerable background on the Faith and included a photograph of Mrs. Norman and one of Mr. and Mrs. Tom Anaquad, Canadian Indian Bahá’ís, taken in the Holy Land on Mount Carmel.
[Page 10]
At the fifth national convention of the Bahá’ís of the Indian Ocean, held in 1968. Over 170 believers attended the gathering which was on the island of Mauritius.
The Passing of a Member of the Italian Community[edit]
The Universal House of Justice cabled to the National Spiritual Assembly of Italy as follows on the occasion of the passing, on October 2, of Mrs. Maud Bosio, the mother of Mrs. Firuz Kazemzadeh:
DEEPLY GRIEVED LEARN PASSING DEVOTED MAIDSERVANT BAHÁ’U’LLÁH MAUD BOSIO EARLY BELIEVER ITALIAN COMMUNITY, HER SACRIFICIAL SERVICES SUCCESS FIRST MEDITERRANEAN CONFERENCE LOVINGLY REMEMBERED. PRAYING SHRINES PROGRESS HER SOUL ABHÁ KINGDOM. ADVISE HOLD BEFITTING MEMORIAL GATHERING. CONVEY SYMPATHY MEMBERS FAMILY.
Traveling teachers meeting with the newly formed Bahá’í
Group of Mymensingh, East Pakistan who are eagerly anticipating formation of a Local Assembly by next Riḍván.
Delegates and other Bahá’ís attending Belgian National Convention held in Brussels on May 18-19, 1968.
[Page 11]
Those who attended the teaching class in Saigon in early October.
Vietnam Implements Teacher Training Program[edit]
An advanced teaching class held in Saigon October 1 to 10 was attended by sixty-four Bahá’ís all of whom had previously attended at least two teaching courses.
The project stressed self help, every attendant paying his or her own travel and food expenses. They came from various areas, some having to use planes because of hazards of road travel and stayed, during the course, at the national Ḥaẓíratu’l-Quds where a spirit of enthusiasm and a sense of mission developed which enabled them to overlook any inconveniences of the bare accommodations.
There were ten courses of lectures daily with evening discussions as well, the subjects covered including: administration, methods of mass teaching, consolidation, and the privilege of sacrificing for the Cause of God. The newly published Hidden Words of Bahá’u’lláh in Vietnamese was also included in the curriculum. The spirit of sacrifice generated resulted in contributions to the Fund, and the self-help aspect of the classes extended even to the providing of medical treatment by some of the medically trained believers who attended.
Upon completion of the course the students returned to their activities with plans for accelerating the mass teaching and will report results within a few months. Past efforts have, by the grace of Bahá’u’lláh, resulted in over 750 new believers for each of the past two months.
National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of Vietnam for 1968-1969. Left to right: Mr. LeLoc, chairman, Mr. LeCan, Mr. Quang
Din Minh, vice chairman, Mrs. LeLoc, Mr. NguyenvanNo, Mr.
LeCho, secretary, Mr. LeDuyThinh, Mr. TroungLiemDong,
treasurer, Mr. LeTrinh.
[Page 12]
Attendants at the first Teacher Training Institute held in Belize, British Honduras, August 3-11, 1968.
Choral group of Corozal, British Honduras, who sang at Concepción school sessions.
British Honduras Forges Ahead[edit]
There is a lot of forward movement these days in British Honduras in the teaching field and in achieving our Nine Year Plan goals. We don’t have enough of anything — personnel, transportation, literature or funds — but there’s a spirit of enthusiasm and dedication carrying the Faith onward.
First Teacher Training Institute[edit]
August 3 to 11 saw the first real Teacher Training Institute, held in the city of Belize. There were only six full-time students who could spare that much time, but they were gems Bahá’u’lláh had helped us to find, and friends from Belize and Burrel Boom swelled our numbers. The courses covered a lot of ground — history, basic teachings, laws and ordinances, explanations of symbols and mysteries, proofs of the Faith and workshops in administration. National Assembly members did the teaching and Artemus Lamb, member of the Continental Board of Counsellors for the area, added much during his three-day visit.
All young men, the students were tucked into the home of Dr. Hedi Ahmadiyeh and others joined them for meals there in a spirit of true Bahá’í fellowship. There were periods of recreation for swimming, walks or siestas, but no, they must listen instead to tapes of Hand of the Cause William Sears and others or learn Bahá’í songs. Four of the six were from the out districts and went home full of new spirit and knowledge. From the enrollment cards that keep pouring in they are eagerly sharing it with others.
Session Held in Mayan Village[edit]
September 30 was the date of a one-day school held in Concepción, an all Mayan village in the north. This is where our much loved pioneers from Yucatan, Maximilliano Cauich, his wife Donetilla and family are living and teaching, both in word and deed. Spanish and English were the languages and some thirty villagers, plus many children, crowded the benches beneath a huge shade tree. Mrs. Cora Oliver’s car came rolling in at the end of a hundred mile drive with four other Bahá’ís from Burrel Boom. Corozal was also represented by a group of dedicated young men, three of them brand new Bahá’ís, but aflame. One of them
Many different races are represented at the Bahá’í school in the Mayan village of Concepción, British Honduras.
[Page 13]
Mayan women who took charge of cooking at service at Concepción school sessions. Mrs. Maximilliano Cauich, who with
her husband, has been pioneering in British Honduras from
Yucatan, Mexico, is shown at right.
was a policeman, and his young wife declared during
the afternoon. Mrs. Cauich and another Mayan Bahá’í
sacrificed the morning session to cook a delicious midday meal and other villagers eagerly took over the
serving and clearing up. Suddenly a choral group of six
young men formed itself and we were all singing
Bahá’í songs. It was a truly beautiful day, in weather
and in spirit, so much love and unity, and when the
time came they could not bear to part. It took the
gathering darkness to disperse the last of them, and the
Belize group left with the plea ringing in our ears:
“Please, please let us do this again very, very soon.”
Nine Year Goals Proceeding[edit]
Bahá’u’lláh is showering confirmations on our Nine Year goals also. Incorporation of our National Assembly was completed early this year by means of a Private Bill which recognized the Faith as an independent religion. We have our Bahá’í Holy Days approved by the Department of Education. Our endowment, an acre of land in Burrel Boom, is registered, and the appointment of a National Marriage Officer is being completed. All is ready for the incorporation of three more local assemblies, completing our goal of four. We have selected a temple site in the area of the new Capitol now being built, but Government has not yet approved its sale. Our Ḥaẓíratu’l-Quds is the big problem because land is so scarce and so high, but we know this too will be solved in good time.
Pure Souls Are Waiting[edit]
Our joy is great, of course, at the appointment of Dr. Hedi Ahmadiyeh as an Auxiliary Board member, but we are, oh so sad, at losing him on our National Assembly and the Local Assembly of Belize. However, he will now have more time for teaching in the villages. They are such pure souls there, just waiting to hear about Bahá’u’lláh. Many have dreams: a great message is coming, or other indications. You give them that Message and they accept and start to teach others. Any weekend trip can bring fifteen to twenty new believers.
Do not some of the friends in other parts want this joyous experience of finding eager listeners with no resistance? We urge them to come to British Honduras, if only for a trip. We’ve lost most of our pioneers and with more teachers, literature and transport — who knows what could happen here?
The National Bahá’í Assembly of Guatemala for this current
year are as follows: (seated) Marion Tyler; Louise Caswell,
chairman; Betty Zingali, corresponding secretary; (back row):
Raul Munoz; Oscar Sierra, vice-chairman; Julio Cesar Contreras, recording secretary; Joseph Zingali, treasurer; Adrian
Pop Chiquin, Mario Garcia.
Some of those attending the eighth annual convention of the Bahá’ís
of Venezuela. Auxiliary Board member Donald Witzel (now member
of the Continental Board of Counsellors for South America), (at right,
back row) presented the message from the Universal House of Justice.
The Guajiro and Carina Indian delegates, who formed a large part of
the convention delegation, took active part in the convention deliberations on all matters.
National Spiritual Assembly of Venezuela, front row
(left to right): Addie Teske; Zenaida Gonzalez; Ana
Josefa Pirela; Yolanda Rodriguez; back row (left
to right): Peter McLaren; Rafael Gonzalez; Martha
Posner; Weldon Woodard; Eleoy Carrascal.
Heroic Band of Bolivian Teachers[edit]
An heroic and sacrificial band of teachers have taken it upon themselves to fulfill the goals of the Nine Year Plan for Bolivia, walking through the Andes mountain country to teach the Faith and to deepen those attracted to the Faith of Bahá’u’lláh. The photo above shows this group with Hand of the Cause of God Jalal Khazeh (second from right, last row). Four wellknown teachers are not included in the photo (above): Andrés and Carmelo Jachakollo and Walter and Manuel Jachazara, the latter having been Rúḥíyyih Khánum’s special deputy during her visit this past year. Isidro Jachakollo appears in first row at right.
The first Local Spiritual Assembly of the Canton Huanuni Indians was formed in the village of Vilacollo in April of 1957, a bleak region on the arid Altiplano, the western tableland of Bolivia, about 12,000 feet above sea level. It was the Mayor of that village, Andrés Jachakollo, who, searching for a pure faith for his people, found the Bahá’ís in La Paz and after some months of intensive study along with his brother, Carmelo, accepted the Teachings of Bahá’u’lláh unreservedly. They became the first two members of their race in Bolivia to become Bahá’ís.
Concerning the man standing beside Mr. Khazeh, at his right, Rúḥíyyih Khánum said that he had a “rare and saintly face.” Great numbers of these Indian people of Bolivia, often living in remote and difficult places, are waiting to hear the Message of Bahá’u’lláh.
Youth Sponsor Mexican Summer School[edit]
A summer school, largely sponsored by the youth committee, under the guidance of the National Assembly of Mexico, was held September 13-16, 1968, at Cuautla, Morelos, Mexico. Mrs. Carmen Burafato, member of the Continental Board of Counsellors, opened the school with an inspirational talk and Eduardo Pérez de León introduced the teachers. Eager volunteers took up the assignments for the smooth functioning of the school. Mrs. Dina Pérez de León, along with youth from Etzatlan and Guadalajara, Jalisco, spoke about the Dawn-Breakers; Jorge Campos, a youth, discussed Bahá’í administration and the various institutions of the Faith; and Susan Millett, pioneer to Yucatan, presented a discussion on the message from the Universal House of Justice. Dr. Juvenal Gutierrez, Auxiliary Board member, explained the duties of a believer, illustrating with quotations from the Bahá’í Writings and generating an enthusiastic spirit of participation. Mrs. Nura Mobine, a Persian pioneer, discussed Bahá’í laws.
Reports of the Palermo Conference and the recent events in the Holy Land, including the passing of Hand of the Cause of God, Mr. Samandarí, were shared with the friends.
The spirit of the school sessions is summed up in the following statements of some of the attending youth: “I enjoyed every moment of this ... school, its fellowship, classes and the spirit....” “We need more time for participation in discussions and a deeper understanding of the teachings.” All left with a resolution to fulfill the plea of ‘Abdu’l-Bahá to teach.
British School Held in Ireland—a Turning Point[edit]
For the first time the British Summer School was held in Ireland in the goal town of Dun Laoghaire, just outside of Dublin. The theme was based upon the following extract from a letter of the Universal House of Justice: “... upon our efforts depends in a very large measure the fate of humanity.... ” The highest attendance was ninety, during the second weekend, with friends present from Norway, America, Persia and Africa. Everyone was deeply thankful for the presence of Hand of the Cause of God Jalal Khazeh from South America. His joyous humor, his wisdom, his profound knowledge of the Faith and his account of his experiences in Persia were in a great measure a contribution to the success of the school. Although his subjects ranged widely, most of the time they were dissertations on the Universal House of Justice, the Hands of the Cause and Bahá’í education.
Sets of three workshops were held on “Goals of the Nine Year Plan,” “Laws and Ordinances.” “Building the Administrative Order,” and “Teaching the Cause.” In addition to workshops on these topics, stimulating late-night sessions were given by Adib Taherzadeh and Betty Reed. During the afternoons small parties visited the grave of the Hand of the Cause George Townshend in the beautiful quaint little town of Enniskerry where he was buried in 1957 and, at the request of Universal House of Justice, prayers were held there one morning.
The Irish friends felt that this school could possibly be the turning point of the Cause in Ireland, indeed of the whole of the British Isles, and with supreme sacrifices every goal can be achieved on time, nay exceeded.
Council Fire Attracts Record Attendance[edit]
The sixth Annual Council Fire at Makah Indian Reservation, Neah Bay, Washington is a delightful example of Bahá’í effort incorporating believers from Canada, various parts of the United States, youth and adults, Indians and others in the common bond of love and dedication to the Faith. Its spirit is conveyed in the following account by one of the participants:
“With eager hearts and tired arms, we pulled around the last curve, away from the beauty of the Strait of Juan deFuca, and there nestled around a boat-laden cove, was Neah Bay. We were almost at the site of the 6th Annual Council Fire held August 10 and 11 on the Makah Indian Reservation in Washington.
“We went out along the beaches and across the dunes to the council fire grounds on the magnificent Pacific Ocean. Greeting us was a group of youth who had arrived for a campout at the beginning of the week. Their cheerful smiles and enthusiastic offers to help us make camp demonstrated what they had gained during the week with mornings spent in prayer and study and afternoons in preparation for the council fire. And what a bounty to have the help of the youth; truckloads of driftwood were hauled, stands for Indian crafts and a hot-dog stand were constructed and painted; the stage was prepared; the public address system was assembled; personal invitations were extended to the Makah Indians; just to mention a few of the many tasks with which they assisted.
“Friday night we stoked up the fires, filled the coffee pots and the youth took shovels and flashlights in hand, as the campers began to arrive. Friends came from Canada, as far east as Maine and New York, from Kentucky, and as far south as Texas and California. All night long they came. On Saturday morning we awoke to see in every direction, the “Army of Bahá’u’lláh” assembled as well as many friends.
“The program opened Saturday morning with prayers and continued throughout the morning with greetings from people from many different areas. Indians from many different tribes presented some of their dances. The afternoon program was closed with several songs by the Jin-’ai Singers. It was estimated that in excess of 1,000 were in attendance during the programs. About 450 gathered in the late afternoon for a delicious salmon barbecue which had been prepared through the efforts of members of the Bahá’í communities of Eastern Washington, and local Indian ladies who worked long and diligently preparing and cooking the salmon. Approximately 50 Makah Indians partook of this feast.
“As the sun dropped behind the ocean on the horizon, the breeze whipped flames 40 to 50 feet high into the dark night as we drew together in love and fellowship for songs round the big driftwood fire.
Sunday morning our chairman Nelson Greene taught some of the children Indian dances. Following the opening prayer, Auxiliary Board member Ted Anderson, spoke glowingly of his experiences throughout Canada and Alaska. The Canadian friends and others enriched the program with talks of their pioneering and successful teaching efforts.
Vinson Brown of California came to the stage to relate stories of his visits to various tribes this past summer. The Makah dancers from Neah Bay performed a second time. Throughout the two-day program, the spirit of love, unity, and fellowship was reflected by the speakers and those attending.
“Sunday afternoon we went around the camp saying goodbye to our fellow campers. All afternoon and evening, we heard the toot-toot of horns as the cars heading homeward bade their farewell from across the river.
“Those of us who remained again stoked the campfires and filled the coffee pots. Tomorrow would be another day; with truckloads of equipment to be hauled back to town, blackened pots to be scrubbed, and the grounds to be cleaned. But until tomorrow, we would absorb to the last drop, the love and peace that rustled in the tree leaves and trailed along with the campfire smoke to the ocean.”
He Arose Again and Again to Pioneer[edit]
The passing of Knight of Bahá’u’lláh Alvin Blum was reported in the November BAHÁ’Í NEWS. A briefest of summaries of his long life of service follows: Born on May 15, 1912 in New Jersey, he heard of the Faith at the Cabin in Englewood. He left soon after to pioneer in the Southern States.
During the War he was sent to the Philippines where he located the local believers and became the first outside Bahá’í they had ever met. He was next in New Zealand where he assisted greatly giving over 150 public talks in two years.
After the war he married Gertrude Gewertz and returned to New Zealand where he was on the National Spiritual Assembly for six years. At the beginning of the Ten Year Crusade, the Blums volunteered to pioneer and with their seven year old daughter went to the Solomon Islands in 1954, becoming Knights of Bahá’u’lláh. Today there is an active community of over 1,000 believers. In 1960 the National Assembly of the South Pacific was formed and, until the forming of the National Assembly of the South West Pacific in 1964, he was Chairman of that body.
Alvin Blum was deeply loved and respected by the Solomon Islanders. His funeral was the largest ever held in Honiara — over 1,500 people. As one Islander said in a fond tribute, “The Lord has him in his keeping, and we have him in our hearts.”
Local Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of Newark, New Jersey at the time of signing of their incorporation papers in August 1968. Left to right, seated: Mo’een Kiani, treasurer; Alieh
Borhanian; Gloria Rappaport, secretary (now deceased); Guity
Kiani; Laurence Rappaport, chairman; standing: Norman Thigpen, Hoshang Borhanian; Leon Copper, vice chairman; Joseph
Protovin.
Local Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of Norfolk, Virginia
formed at Riḍván 1968. Left to right, seated: Vera Sinclair;
Dorothy Dunmore, v. chairman; Nancy Marks, recording secretary; Gwendolyn Jones, corresponding secretary; Standing:
Robert Anderson, treasurer; Rudolph Jones, chairman; Philip
Lemon. Not shown: Althea Waites, Mildred Hurst.
Spiritual Assembly of Portsmouth, New Hampshire at the time
of incorporation. This is the first Assembly to be incorporated
in the State. Left to right, front: Mrs. Maxine Elliott Lewis,
Hennin Foreman, chairman, Mrs. Elizabeth Frazier; rear: Mrs.
Dorothea Reed, Mrs. Lois Newman. Mrs. Iredela Forman, secretary; Mrs. Ruth Price Silva, Mrs. Helen Gagnon, Alfred Reed.
BAHÁ’Í NEWS is published for circulation among Bahá’ís only by the National Spiritual Assembly of the United States, as a news organ reporting current activities of the Bahá’í world community.
BAHÁ’Í NEWS is edited by an annually appointed Editorial Committee: Mrs. Sylvia Parmelee, Managing Editor; Mrs. Eunice Braun, International Editor; Miss Charlotte Linfoot, National Spiritual Assembly Representative; Mr. Rexford C. Parmelee.
Material must be received by the twenty-fifth of the second month preceding date of issue. Address: Bahá’í News Editorial Office, 112 Linden Avenue, Wilmette, Illinois 60091, U.S.A.
Change of address should be reported directly to National Bahá’í Center, 112 Linden Avenue, Wilmette, Illinois, U.S.A. 60091.
