Bahá’í Glossary/Text

Bahai Glossary

By Marzich Gail

PERSIAN AND ARABIC WORDS IN THE BAHA’i WRITINGS [Page -1]ViCKI & ROGER GOBLE 3731 Grand Avenue Duluth, Minnesota 55807 (218)624-7184

Bahai Glossary

By Marzieh Gal

ra WY Ps ~~ = |BAHAT “aie

Sixth Printing 1976

Printed in U.S.A. [Page 1]REMARKS

Transliteration means putting the letters of one alphabet into another alphabet. There are sounds in Arabic and Persian which have no English equivalents. For this reason letters and combinations have to be made up to represent these sounds: gh, kh, and so forth, Besides this, Persian has four z’s, three s’s, two t’s and two h’s, which have to be differentiated in English by made-up letters, such asd, th and t.

Persian and Arabic pronunciation varies throughout the Middle East; people from Cairo, Tihran and Kash@n respectively would pronounce the same word three different ways. These variations are the greater because short vowels are not written; for example, “cat” would be spelled “ct.” A Persian, seeing for the first time a list of unfamiliar Persian towns, cannot tell how to pronounce them. (To help Persian and Arab readers pronounce unfamiliar words “diacritical” marks are used.) Tihran Persian is considered the best.

In the early days, Orientalists added to the confusion by transliterating Persian and Arabic to suit themselves. A German might spell Shah “Schah” while a Frenchman spelled it “Chah.” On March 12, 1923, the Guardian of the Faith requested the Baha'is to “avoid confusion in future” by faithfully adhering to a uniform spelling (which had been adopted at one of the International Oriental Congresses), On November

26,1923, the Guardian wrote:

“| am confident that the friends will not feel their energy and patience taxed by a scrupulous adherence to what is an authoritative and universal, though arbitrary code for the spelling of Oriental terms.” These communications from Shoghi Effendi appear in Baha'i Administration, page 56.

The result has been that order has replaced the previous individualistic and whimsical spelling of various early texts. Today a student, seeing a Persian or Arabic word transliterated according to this system, can immediately write the word back into the original, whereas formerly he often had to guess at what the original might be.

The “rhymes-with” and the “sounds-like” method is in the present writer’s view the easiest now available. The American public is not polyglot and balks at phonetic symbols and other complicated aids familiar to linquists. An accurate pronunciation can be acquired only by listening to, and imitating, persons accurately speaking a given tongue. At best, the present text can provide only an approximation to the original Persian sounds.

It was not possible to include every proper noun in the Baha’s Writings, but an attempt has been made to list names most often present in compounds. If a Persian or Arabic name is carefully scrutinized, element by element, it will prove easier to deal with: Shaykh Ahmad-i-Ahs’i means a religious leader named Ahmad from the town of Ahsé. Haji Mirza Siyyid ‘Aly means one who has made the pilgrimage to Mecca, is of the scholar class and a descendant of the Prophet Muhammad, and named ‘Alf. The compound Abu’l-Hasan means Father of Hasan. The last element, when it does not refer to a town, often denotes the man's occupation: Bazzéz is acloth merchant, Rik&b-Saz a stirrup maker. Mirza at the beginning of a name denotes an educated person or a scholar; at the end of a name it means Prince. [Page 2]GUIDE TO TRANSLITERATION AND PRONUNCIATION OF THE PERSIAN ALPHABET, TOGETHER WITH THE NUMERICAL VALUE

LETTER TRANSLITERATION

4 q,

|S oe = a

3.37 aQ x. io [ww ew ig om ins * (|=

whe’ CACKE GG mMERYLG EG LLL ue harata & 4

The non-Arabic letters in the Persian alphabet have no abjad value.

a

CK

—~

PRONUNCIATION

arm, cat

b

Pp

t

see John

church

loch

d

z

r

z pleasure so

she

so

z

t

z

silent “uh” get

f

get

k

get

Vv, 00 h yes, ee

silent “uh”

OF THE LETTERS (ABJAD RECKONING)*

NUMERICAL VALUE

400 500

€00

700 200

60 300 90 800

900 70 1000 80 100 20

30

40 50

10 [Page 3]G see. GS in account, or cat I weese as “e” in best Oiseass as “o” in short ¢ « . ? . G weooe GS in orm I conse as “ee” in meet U wees GS “OO” in moon

aw... as “ow” in mown

These four letters are pronounced “z”: dh, d, z, z

These three letters are pronounced “ss”: Se

th, s, 7: 1, t

These two letters are pronounced These two letters are pronounced “h”: h, h. Kh is pronounced like the “ch” in Scotch loch.

Zh is pronounced like “s” in pleasure.

Q and _gh are almost unpronounceable by Americans. The sound is a deep gutteral not unlike the sound made in gargling at the base of the throat; substitutea “g,” a “k,” ora Parisian “r.”

Ah is pronounced approximately as in rah-rah or hurrah.

The other letters and combinations are the same as in English; e.g., ch asin church, and j as

in John. Note that © represents a sort of silent “uh,” produced in the chest; the same applies somewhat to_’___,_~which represents a pause; the word Bah4’f should include the pause prior to final 1:

Ba-hd...ee.

Stress every syllable equally, then repeat the word more rapidly, and you will not go too far wrong. n s

In the syllable “eh,” used:so frequently in what follows, the “e” is pronounced like “e” in set, and the “h” is aspirated. Do not swallow the “h's"; breathe them. Tihrdn is Teh-Ron, AllGh-u-Abhd is Allah-ho-Abha.

N.B. Usually mispronounced by Americans is the syllable “ar’; this does not rhyme with we are. It rhymes with the “ar” in Harry: Tabarsf is pronounced: Ta-bar-see.

The translations and definitions of terms appearing here are from the writings of Shoghi Effendi, wherever available. Other sources included the Bah4’f World volumes, standard Persian and Arabic dictionaries, encyclopedias such as Hughes’ Dictionary of .Isldm and the Shorter Encyclopedia of Isldém, various English translations of the Qur’dn, R. A. Nichotson’s Commentary on the Mathnawi, E. G. Browne's A Literary History of Persia, and Gobineau’s Trois Ans en Asie.

Abbreviations are as follows:

BN Baha’i News

BW Baha’f World

DB The Dawn-Breakers

Gl. The Gleanings...from Baha’u'llah

GPB God Passes By, by Shoghi Effendi

L.Hist. Literary History of Persia, by E. G. Browne

PDC Promised Day is Come, by Shoghi Effendi

PUP Promulgation of Universal Peace, by Abdu’l-Baha

reWe Rhymes with

SAQ Some Answered Questions, by ‘Abdu’l-Baha

SV Seven Valleys, by Baha'u'llah

SW Epistle to the Son of the Wolf, by Baha'u'llah

Tr.Narr. A Traveller’s Narrative, by ‘Abdu’l-Baha (See E. G. Browne, Episode of the B&b)

WOB World Order of Baha’u’Iléh, by Shoghi Effendi [Page 4]Be sure to pronounce the middle column in the glossary to sound like or rhyme with English, remembering that “a” without accent mark is as in cat and “ar” rhymes with Harry. Ron, Al and Don are pronounced like the boys’ names. Awn rhymes with awning (we freely admit that “aw” is too broad for the Persian sound involved, and “ah” not quite broad enough); do not swallow any letters, and breathe

the h’s; Oz sounds like Wizard of Oz.

‘Aba Ab-awe Cloak, mantle ‘Abbas-Quli Khan-i-i ab-boss-coolie- Sniper who killed Mulla Husayn Larijdnié con-eh-lorry- (DB 379), Feb. 1, 1849. John-ee

‘Abdu'dh-Dhikr ab-doz-zeckr A designation of the Bab.

‘Abdu'l-‘Aziz abd-ol-az-ease Sultan of Turkey who “with Ndgiri’d-Din Shah was the author of the calamities heaped upon Bahd’u’IIch.....”

and embodied the concentrated power vested in Sultanate

and Caliphate. (GPB 225). 1830-1876; ruled 1861-1876.

‘Abdu'l-Bahé Abdol-Baha The Servant of the Glory. The Center of Bahda’u’Ilch’s Covenant; Exemplar and Interpreter of the Baha’t Faith. ‘*The Most Great Branch,” the “One Whom God hath purposed.” (GPB 239). Baha’u’lléh’s “beloved Son.....His vicegerent on earth, the Executive of His authority, the Pivot of His Covenant, the Shepherd of His flock, the Exemplar of His faith, the Image of His perfections, the Mystery of His Revelation, the Interpreter of His mind, the Architect of His World Order, the Ensign of His Most Great Peace, the Focal Point of His unerring guidance

.....occupant of an office without peer or equal in the entire field of religious history...2?(GPB 245). (1844-1921). ‘Abdu'l-Hamiéd II ab-dol-ham-eed “The Great Assassin.” Nephew and successor of

‘Abdu’l-‘Aziz and with him responsible for ‘Abdu’l-Baha’s forty years imprisonment. (PDC 61). 1842-1918; Sultan of Turkey 1876 till deposed 1909.

‘Abdu’I-Kha liq-i- ab-dol-caw-leck-eh- Man who cut his throat when TGhirih put aside her veil Isfahanf ess-fa-haw-nee at the Conference of Badasht.

‘Abdu'lléh Khdn-i- abd-ol-|&h-con-eh- Person first charged by the Shah to destroy the handful Turkamdn tor-cam-awn of Babis who had sought refuge at the Shrine of Shaykh

Tabarsi. He recruited an army of 12,000 men and it was thought he could conquer the believers in “the space of two days” (DB 360).

‘Abdu’ Ilah-i-Ubay abd-ol-lah-heh-obey Powerful Medinite chief and Muhammad’s bitter opponent, whose hopes of sovereignty were defeated when the Medinites sent for the Prophet to rule over them. He

was the leader of the Hypocrites (munafiqun) who secretly thwarted and resisted the Prophet at Medina. (Muir, Sir Wm., The Life of Mohammad, 181). [Page 5]‘Abdu’ l-Majid abd-ol-ma-jeed Sultan of Turkey 1839-1861. Born 1823.

Abjad ab-jad “The name of an arithmetical arrangement of the alphabet, the letters of which have different powers (numerical values] from one to one thousand. It is in the order of the alphabet as used by the Jews as far as 400, the six remaining letters being added by the Arabians.” (Hughes).

Abraham “Father of a Multitude.” An inhabitant of Ur in Chaldee,

who founded the Jewish nation. Ancestor of Bahd’u’ll&h

through Katurah. This Manifestation of God is also called the Friend of God and the Father of the Faithful. (GPB 94).

Abu-‘Abdi’ Ilah aboo-ab-del-Idh Designation of the sixth Imam, Ja‘far-i-Sddiq (the (or Abi -- for Veridical), great-grandson of al-Husayn. Died AD 765, grammatical reasons) poisoned by Mansor, the ‘Abbaside Caliph.

Abé-‘Ali Sina’ aboo-alley-seen-aw Avicenna, 980-1037? A.D., Persian physician and also Ibn-i-Sina philosopher. The Shifd and the Qantn or Canon of

Medicine are his most famous works. Abu-Dhar aboo-zar (ar as The shepherd who became a Companion of Muhammad; in Harry) celebrated for piety and asceticism, he preached the

equality of all believers and denounced luxury. Claimed as a precursor by Muslim mystics. Bahda’u’llah speaks of him as becoming “a prince of nations”

SW 19. Abu-Ja‘ far aboo-ja-far (ar as This is the Kunyih or designation of the fifth Imam, in Harry) Muhammad-Baqir (AD, 676-731). SW 113. Ab (or abu) means father. Abu Jah! aboo-ja-hl The Father of Ignorance, Muslim surname of Muhammad’s

bitter opponent, his uncle and an influential Meccan called Abu’l-Hikam, the Father of Wisdoms. Killed at Badr, he is said to have been called by Muhammad “the Pharaoh of his people.”

Abo Nasr aboo-nass-r Al-Fdrabf, whom Browne calls the “greatest philosopher of Islam before Avicenna.” d.AD 950. Nicholson adds, “He devoted himself to the study of Aristotle, whom Moslems agree with Dante in regarding as ‘il maestro di color che sanno.’”

Abu'l-Hasan- ‘Alf abol-hass-san-alee “Last of the Four Gates.” See Abvab-i-Arba‘ih, DB Liii. Dying, he refused to name a successor, saying that God had another plan.

Abu'l-Qdsim-i-Kdshf abol-caw-sem-eh- A believer martyred through the decree pronounced by caw-shee Mirzd Yahya. (SW 176). Abvab-i-Arba‘ih ab-vob-eh-ar-ba...eh The Four Gates. Successive emissaries, for 69 years

after the “disappearance,” i.e. death, of the 12th Imdm in 260 A.H., between the “Hidden Imam” and the people. [Page 6]‘Ad odd Tribe living in Arabia immediately after Noah, and which built large edifices and pillars in “al-Ahqaf”

(The Sand Dunes). They grew haughty because of their prosperity and were destroyed for rejecting their Prophet, Hid. Cf. Qur’dn 7:65, 41:15, 26:128, 89:5, etc.

Adam Manifestation of God who inaugurated a 6,000 year cycle ending with the Dispensation of the Bab.

“The Faith of Bahd’u’lladh should indeed be regarded, if we wish to be faithful to the tremendous implications of its message, as the culmination of a cycle, the final stage in a series of successive, of preliminary and progressive revelations. These, beginning with Adam and ending with the Bab, have paved the way and anticipated with an ever-increasing emphasis the advent of that Day of Days in which He Who is the Promise of All Ages should be made manifest.” (Shoghi Effendi, WOB 103). The Guardian further writes of “the rise of the Orb of Baha’u’Ilah’s most sublime Revelation marking the consummation of the six thousand year cycle ushered in by Adam, glorified by all past prophets and sealed with the blood of the Author of the Babi Dispensation.” (BN, insert dated Oct. 8, 1952). Adam in Persian means man. The Qur’an uses the same phrase for the creation of Adam as for that of Jesus Christ; cf. 15:29, 66:12, etc.: “breathed of My spirit into him.”

Adamic cycle Cycle “stretching back as far as the first dawnings of the world’s recorded religious history.....” and ending with the Dispensation of the Bab.

Adhén az-awn “Announcement”; the Muslim call to prayer, proclaimed by the muezzin before the five stated times of prayer.

Adhirbdyjén Oz-air-by-John Province in Northwest Persia.

Afchih aff-cheh Village near Tihrén, site of Bahd’u’llah’s summer residence.

Afnan aff-nawn Twigs, i.e., the relatives of the Bab. (GPB 239).

Aghsan ax-awn Branches, i.e., the sons and descendants of

Bahé’u'llGh. (SW 94) (GPB 239).

A.H. Anno Hejirae -- in the year of the Hegira; date reckoned accerding to the Muhammadan era, which began in 622 A.D. with the “flight” -- properly emigration or severing of relations -- of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina. Other spelling: Hijrah.

Ahlu’l-Kitab ahl-ol-ket-ob The People of the Book. Qur’anic term explained by Bah&’u'llah, Iqdn, 16: “It is evident that by the ‘people of the Book,’ who have repelled their fellow-men from the straight path of God, is meant none

other than the divines of that age.....” Cf. Qur’an 3:70; 3:71; 3:99.

Ahmad Big Tawffq a-h-mad-beg- “Sagacious and humane” governor of ‘Akka, who at

tow-feeg the suggestion of Bahd’u’llah restored the aqueduct leading to ‘Akka.

Akbar ack-bar (ar as Greater; greatest. in Harry) [Page 7]‘Akka ack-caw Prison city north of Mt. Carmel, Israel; ancient Ptolemais and the “Strong City” of the Psalms. Site of the Most Great Prison where Bahd’u’llah was incarcerated. A Tablet of ‘Abdu’l-Baha to Mrs. Ella G. Cooper states: “It is recorded in the Bible: ‘Achor shall be a door of hope unto them.’ This Achor is the City of ‘Akka. Whoever interprets this otherwise is ignorant.” (Daily Lessons, by H. S. Goodall and E. G. Cooper; quoted Tablet begins on p. 92; specific reference is to Hosea 2:15; transliteration above modernized). (GPB 184; 1&5). The St. Jean d’Acre of the

Crusaders.

‘Alf a-lee The first Imam, the rightful successor of Muhammad; also the fourth Caliph. Cousin of Muhammad and

husband of Fatimih, he is known by titles including the Commander of the Faithful, the Lion of God, and the Lord of Saintship. Saint and warrior, brilliant writer and administrator, he was killed at Kufa by Ibn-i-Muljam (AD, 661). Amfr-‘Alf states: “Ali was its (hivalry’§ beau-idéal -- an impersonation of gallantry, of bravery, of generosity; pure, gentle, and learned, ‘without fear and without reproach,’ he set the world the noblest example of chivalrous grandeur of character.” (The Spirit of Islam, 254).

‘AIf-Khdn-i-Méh-K6'f a-lee-con-eh- Warden of the Castle of Mah-Kd. maw-coo-ee ‘Ali Marddn Khdn, a-lee-mar-Don-con Storm-center at Zanjdn. Fort of ‘Alf-Pdsha a-lee-paw-shaw Prime Minister of Turkey, denounced in the Lawh-i Ra’fs. (GPB 231).

Alif.Lam.Mim. aleff-lawm-meem “A.L.M.” Cf. Qur’an 2:1. Many surihs of the Qur’an are prefaced by disconnected letters. Cf. Iqan 202: “In the disconnected letters of the Qur'an the mysteries of the divine Essence are enshrined, and within their shells the pearls of His Unity are treasured.”

‘Aliyu' llahi a-lee-yol-law-hee Islamic sect, found principally in Western Persia and also known as Nisdrd and Ahlu’l-Haqq, which teaches that ‘Alf is an avatar. (Gobineau, Trois Ans en Asie, 338).

Allah al-Iah God. The most prevalent explanation of this word, given in such works as the Shorter Encyclopedia of Islam, is that the pre-Islamic Arabs worshipped as head of their pantheon a god called Allah, meaning the ilah, or the god. Muham-mad taught: “There is no ilah save the ilah,” “Ld iléha illa’I€h,” Allah being thus a combination of the particle “the” (al) and ilah.

Allch-v-Abha Allah-ho-Ab-ha God is All-Glorious. The Greatest Name, adopted during the period of Baha’u’llah’s exile in Adrianople as a greeting among Baha’fs. (GPB 176). Another form of the Greatest Name -- not used as a greeting but an invocation -- is Yd Baha’u’l-Abhé, O Thou the Glory of Glories!

‘Ama am-awe Light cloud, term symbolizing the First Invisible Substance. 4 Amin am-een The trusted one; designation of Muhammad as a youth. [Page 8]Amfn-i-Hahf

Amfnu '!-Boydn

Amir Amit-Nizdm, Mirza Tagf Khan

Amrika

Amru'Ilah

Amul

Anas, Son of Malik

Anfs

Anisa’

Ansar

am-meen-eh-elawe-hee

am-een-ol-by-awn

am-eer

Am-eer-nez-awm, mere-zawtackee-con

America

am-rol-I&h

awe-mol

a-nass; maw-leck

a-neess

a-nee-saw

ann-sawr

Trusted one of God; first Persian pilgrim to penetrate into ‘Akka and glimpse the imprisoned Bahda’u’Ildh. (GPB 187).

Sumame of Haj! Shdh Muhammad-i-Manshadf, one of the Persian believers who guarded the remains of the Bab.

(GPB 274). Prince, governor, lord, commander, etc.

Grand Vizier and “prime mover of the forces that precipitated the Bab’s martyrdom.” (DB 526). Murdered by order of Ndsiri’d-Dfn Shh.

The United States, visited by ‘Abdu’l-Baha in 1912. Cradle of Bahd’/ Administrative Order (GPB 329; 269).

The Cause of God; also the Command of God.

Persian town near Caspian, where Baha’u'llah was bastinadoed in the presence of the assembled ‘ulamds (Nov-Dec. 1848), when He had attempted to join the besieged at Tabarsi. (DB 372).

One of the most prolific traditionists, from the age of ten a servant of Muhammad.

Sumame of the disciple who died with the Bab; Mirzé Muhammad-‘Al/,

Tree of Life; associated with the new Covenant

(GPB 238).

“Helpers.” Title of those Medinites who rallied around Muhammad after His flight from Mecca to

Medina; often coupled with al-Muhajirin, the emigrants, title of those Muslims who migrated from Mecca to Medina.

Aga

4 Aga Buzurg of Khurasan

Aqa Jdn-i-Khamsih Aad Ridé

fo o¢ Aqay-i-Kalim

aw-caw awe-caw-bo-zorg; core-aw-sawn

awe-caw-John-ehcam-seh

awe-caw-rezz-awe

awe-caw-yehcal-eem

Master; title given by Baha’u'llah to ‘Abdu’l-Baha. Also means mulla or sir.

Badi‘ (wonderful); Bahd’u'llah’s martyred messenger

to the Shah of Persia.

Colonel who carried out the execution of the Bab.

Supporter of Baha’u’l!Gh, exiled with Him all the way from Baghdad to ‘Akka.

Noble brother of Bahd’u’lldh. See Mirzd Musa. [Page 9]Aqsé Mosque

. f spot in Islam.

‘Arafih

Ard-i-Sirr

Ardishfr Mirza 7 “Arif

Ashraf

‘Ashéra

As iyih

ack-saw

a-raff-eh

ar-zeh-sair

ar-desh-sheer-merezaw

awr-eff

ash-raff

osh-oo-raw

awe-see-yeh

“The Most Remote” Mosque, at Jerusalem; built on Temple area, and save Mecca alone, the most sacred

Also called as-Sakbrah, “The Rock,” also “The Holy House.” (GPB xiii).

Vigil of the Feast of Sacrifice, when the Mecca pilgrims proceed to Mt. ‘Arafat. The 9th day of the month of Dhi’l-Hijjih. (DB 32).

Land of Mystery (Adrianople). The numerical value of Sirr (mystery) is identical with that of Adirnih (Adrianople) (i.e., 260).

A governor of Tihran.

Mystic knower, gnostic.

Man’s name.

The tenth of Muharram on which day the Imam Husayn was martyred.

Qur’ an 66:11, the wife of Pharaoh. To Muslims

one of four perfect women, the others being Sarah,

the Virgin Mary, and Fatimih (See GPB 75) N.B. The reference in PUP I, 170 and index should be corrected to read Astyih, not Ayesha. The commentators say that because she believed in Moses, Pharaoh set a rock on her breast, fastened her hands to four stakes and left her in the

blazing sun.

Asma’v'!-Husné

a-smaw-ol-hoss-naw

Most Beauteous Names (of God); phrases occurring

in Qur'an 7:179, 17:110, etc. According to a hadith,

Muhammad said, “Verily there are 99 names of God, and whoever recites them shall enter Paradise.” The traditions also maintain that the ‘Almighty has a hundredth name, the “Most Great Name,” and that whoever calls on God by this Name shall obtain all his desires. Down the ages, various mystic orders have striven to, and claimed to, possess the Greatest Name -which was not revealed until the Advent of Baha’u’llah. The Greatest Name is referred to as

Ism-i-A‘zam. e

‘Attar

at-tar (r.w. tar)

Shaykh Farfdu’d-Din ‘Attdr, “the Druggist”, one who deals in attar of roses, etc. Great Persian mystic

poet of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, born Nishapdr. His copious works include the Mantiqu’t-Tayr in which the birds, in search of the Simurgh, pass through the seven valleys of Search, Love, Knowledge, Independence, Unification, Amazement, Destitution and Annihilation.

‘Avalim

‘Aynu'l-Bagar

Ayyam-i-Ha

Ayyam-i -Shiddd

av-awe-lem

ain-ol-bak-kar (ar as in Harry)

|-yawm-eh-haw

|-yawm-eh-shed-odd

“Worlds.” Title of a work prophesying the opposition of the divines to the Promised One.

The Spring of the Cow, in ‘Akkd.

“Days of H.” H according to the abjad system equals 5; the letters in the name of the Bab also total 5. The intercalary days.

Days of Stress: the supreme crisis in Adrianople, engineered by the diabolical Siyyid Muhammad. (GPB 163).

9 [Page 10]A‘zam a...zam The Greatest.

‘Aziz Khan-i-Sarddr az-ease-con-eh- Slayer of Tahirih. sar-dawr (ar as in Harry)

‘Azim (Turshizi) a-zeem; tor-shee-zee | Man who publicly confessed his complicity in the attempt on the life of Ndsiri’ d-Din Shah.

Band E Be. Qur’én 3:42 states: ‘‘When He decreeth a thing, He only saith, ‘Be,’ and it is.”” The reference in Prayers and Meditations, page 85, thus means, ‘‘through His name creation was created.’” The Arabic is ‘“‘k” and ‘‘n’’--kun.

Ba and Ha baw-and-haw B and H meaning Bahé. The Baha'i ring symbol shows two ‘‘b’s’’, four ‘‘h’s’’ and two stars.

Bab rhymes with throb The Gate. The Prophet-Herald of Baha’u’llah,

‘*The Manifestation of the Unity and Oneness of God and the Forerunner of the Ancient Beauty’’ (BA 11); the return of the Prophet Elijah, of John the Baptist and of the Twelfth Imdm (GPB 276, 58); ‘‘My First Name,’’ (GPB 57), Whom ‘posterity will recognize as standing at the confluence of two universal prophetic cycles, the Adamic...and the Baha’/....’’ (GPB 54). ‘‘the independent Author of a divinely revealed Dispensation...also...the Herald of a new Era and the Inaugurator of a great universal pro phetic cycle.’’ (GPB 57). Bor Shirdz, Oct. 20, 1819; martyred Tabriz, July 9, 1850. Babi bob-ee Of or pertaining to the Bdb. Babi Dispensation Began May 22, 1844 A.D. at two hours and eleven

minutes after sunset in Shfraz, Persia. Ended in the

year 1280 A.H. (WOB 102; GPB xi).

Babf-Dukhtaran bob-ee-dock-tar-awn _— Site in Shiraz where the Bab’s son is buried.

Babu’ !-Bab bob-ol-bob The Gate of the Gate. Title of Mulla Husayn, the first Letter of the Living.

Babu'llah bob-ol-Idh The Gate of God; designation of the Bab.

Badasht ba-dasht Hamlet in a plain on the border of Mazindardn.

Conference of, lasted twenty-two days (June-July 1848), and proclaimed the annulment of the old Order. (DB 301, n.1).

Badi‘ ba-dee... ‘‘Wonderful.’’ Seventeen-year-old boy who delivered Bahd’u’Ilah’s Tablet to the Shah of Persia and was in consequence tortured and killed. His given name was Aqa Buzurg of Khurdsan; he was converted

by the historian Nabil and won the title of the ‘‘Pride of Martyrs.”

Badi' calendar ba-dee... Name of the Bah4’f calendar. It begins with the year

60 (1844 A.D.). It is found in the Kitab-i-Asmd@’, a work of the Bab. 10 [Page 11]Baghdéd

bag-dod

City where Bahd’u’llah declared His Mission, to His companions, in 1863. Called by Him the City of God,

and (prophetically) in the Qur’an the “Abode of Peace.’’ (10:26; 6:127). (GPB 110).

Baha'i

Baha'i Cycle

Bahdé'’/ Era

Ba-ha-ee

Ba-hd-ee

Ba-hdé-ee

Of or pertaining to Baha’u'Ilah.

Began May 22, 1844, at 2 hours and 11 minutes after sunset, in Shirdz, Persia. Destined to last for no less

than 5,000 centuries. GPB xi, 55, 100.

Began May 22, 1844,at 2 hours and 11 minutes after sunset in Shirdz, Persia. The first century of this

Era comprises the “Heroic, the Primitive, the Apostolic Age...and also the initial stages of the Formative, the Transitional, the Iron Age ” ushered in by ‘Abdu’l-Baha’s Will and Testament. (GPB xi, xiii). The Baha’/ Revelation is “the consummation of all the Dispensations within the Adamic Cycle, inaugurating an era of at least a thousand year’s duration, and a cycle destined to last no less than five thousand centuries....” (GPB 100).

Baha'i Revelation

Baha'u'llah

Ba-hd-ee

Ba-ha-ol-Ich

Revelation from God “signalizing the end of the Prophetic Era and the beginning of the Era of Fulfillment....” (GPB 100).

The Glory of God. “...an appellation specifically recorded in the Persian Bayan, signifying at once the

glory, the light and the splendor of God....” (GPB 93-94). “The Supreme Manifestation of God and the Dayspring of His Most Divine Essence.” (BA 11). “...never to be identified with that invisible Reality, the Essence of Divinity itself,” He is “the complete incarnation of the names and attributes of God.” (WOB 114, 112). The Promised One of all the ages. Born Tihran, Persia, Nov. 12, 1817; ascended Bahjf, Palestine, now Israel, May 29, 1892.

Bahji

Babrayn Bald-khénih

Bald-Sari

Balal

“i.e Bagiri

Baqiyyatu'lIah

Bdrfurdsh

Ba-h-gee

ba-h-rain baw-law-con-eh

baw-law-sa-ree

ba-lall

baw-care-ee

back-ee-yat-ol-Iah

bawr-fo-roosh

1

Delight. Denotes that part of the plain of ‘Akkd where the Shrine and Mansion of Baha’u’llah are situated.

Bahrein islands in Persian Gulf.

Balcony.

Above or over head. Term denotes Muslim worshippers who recited their prayers in the upper section of the Shrine of the Imdém Husayn at Karbild. (DB 84). Ethiopian convert to Islam and the first muezzin. A speech defect caused him to mispronounce the letter “sh” (shfn) as if it were “ss” (sin).

Sect of the Imamites.

Remnant of God; a title of Baha'u'llah and also of the Bab.

Town where Quddus was publicly martyred by the dregs of the inhabitants, May 1849. [Page 12]Bast r.w. fast Right of sanctuary. The law could not touch a fugitive taking sanctuary or bast in Muslim mosques and shrines.

Batha bat-haw Mecca, hemmed in by bare hills, lies in an “illventilated couloir.” Its center and lowest part is Bathd. Some buildings here were so close to the Ka‘bih that their shadows merged with its shadow mornings and evenings.

Bayan (Arabic) buy-awn Work of the Bab; Smaller, less weighty than Persian Bayan (GPB 25).

Bayan (Persian) buy-awn Exposition; “The repository of the laws ordained by the Bab.” (GPB 17). “Peerless among the doctrinal works of the Bab” (GPB 25). “Designedly severe.... drastic....” (Ibid.) Interspersed with “unnumbered passages...in which He fixes the date of the promised Revelation....” (GPB 28). Title given by the Bab to His Revelation, particularly His Books.

Baydn, Point of The Bab (GPB 98).

Bayt-i-A‘zam bait-eh-a...zam The Most Great House of Baha'u'llah in Baghdad, known at one time as House of Mirzd Musd, the Babi. (GPB 129); “situated in the Karkh quarter, in*the neighborhood of the western bank of the river....” (Ibid., 130).

Baytu’l-‘Ad]-i-A‘zam bait-ol-adl-eh-a... The Universal House of Justice, of which the Guardian zam is the permanent Head, and the members are elected by

the members of the National Houses of Justice. This body makes and can abrogate its own laws; it legislates on “whatsoever has not been explicitly and outwardly recorded in His (Baha’u’Ilah’s) holy Writ.” (WOB 23). “...the twin pillars that support this mighty Administrative Structure--the institutions of the Guardianship and of the Universal House of Justice.” (WOB 147). There are also Local Houses of Justice, at present termed Local Spiritual Assemblies, in cities, townships, etc. where nine or more Baha'is reside. These, elected by Baha’/s within their jurisdiction of 2] years of age and over, direct the affairs of the Faith; National Spiritual Assemblies (future Houses of Justice) are elected by delegates who are themselves elected by adult Baha'is of each state, territory, province etc. within a given country, and have jurisdiction over Baha’t affairs within the country as a whole.

Baytu'l-Ma‘ mor bait-ol-ma...moor The Frequented Fane, Qur’dn 52:4. In Isldm, the Ka‘bih or its archetype in heaven.

Bani-Hashim ban-ee-haw-shem Sons of Hdshim, the Prophet Muhammad's great grandfather; family from which Muhammad descended.

Bismi'Iléhi'r- bessm-ell-lah-hair- In the Name of God, the Compassionate, the Merciful. Rahmani’-Rahim ra-h-mawn-eh-ra- Used at the head of every surih of the Qur’dn except heem the ninth. Used at beginning of meals, putting on new

clothes, beginning a new undertaking (by Muslims).

Big beg (often, back) Honorary title lower than Khan. Bihdru'l-Anvar beh-hawr-ol-Anvawr Seas of Lights, a compilation of Shi‘ah traditions. Bishardt besh-awr-awt Glad-Tidings, a Tablet of Bahd’u’llah (Holy Land).

12 [Page 13]Black Stone Hajaru’l-Aswad. Set about five feet from the ground in

NE corner of the Ka‘bih, the stone is an irregular oval

about seven inches in diameter, reddish brown. Encircled by a gold or silver band, it has an undulated surface and is composed of about fifteen smaller stones joined by cement and surrounded

by a brownish border. Sacred object of great antiquity (and never one of the pagan Arabs’ idols) it is kissed during the rites of the hajj (pilgrimage).

Book, Crimson Referred to in SW 32 as capable of fully disclosing and

redoubling “that force which is hid in men”; identified

as Baha’u’Ilah’s “Book of My Covenant” in GPB 238.

Books, the Zoroastrian Holy Writ (GPB 230). Branch, Most Great ‘Abdu’ l-Baha Bushihr boo-shair Persian town near north end of Persian Gulf. Buzurg boz-org Great. Cc Caliph cay-liff or Self-styled vicar of the Prophet of Isldm (PDC 99). ca-leef Sultanate and Caliphate were “the twin pillars of

Sunni Islam.” (WOB 173). The Caliphate, now abolished, was “the mightiest institution of Islam.” (WOB 196). The founders of the Caliphate “usurped the authority of the lawful successors” of Muhammad (WOB 178). “The cardinal point wherein the Shi'ites (as well as the other sects included under the more general term of Imamites) differ from the Sunnites is the doctrine of the Imamate. According to the belief of the latter, the vicegerency (khilafat) of the Prophet is a matter to be determined by the choice and election of his followers, and the visible head of the Musulm4n world is qualified for the lofty position which he holds less by any special divine grace than by a combination of orthodoxy and administrative capacity. According to the Imamite view, on the other hand, the vicegerency is a matter altogether spiritual; an office conferred by God alone, first by His Prophet, and afterwards by those who so succeeded him, and having nothing to do with the popular choice or approval... the Caliph...is merely the outward and visible Defender of the Faith: the Imam of the Shi'ites is the divinely-ordained successor of the Prophet, one endowed with all perfections and spiritual gifts, one whom all the faithful must obey, whose decision is absolute and final, whose wisdom is super-human, and whose words are authoritative.” Browne, E.G., A Traveller’s Narrative,

296.

Caravanserai Inn for caravans

Chihriq

cheh-reek Fortress to which the Bab was transferred about April 10, 1848; designated by Him Jabal-i-Shadfd, the

Grievous Mountain.

Chindr- Sukhtih cheh-nawr-sook-teh “Burnt Plane-Tree” quarter, native quarter of Vahid at Nayriz. City, the Also “The Great City,” Constantinople, called by

Muslims “The Dome of Isldm.” The traditional seat of

both Sultanate and Caliphate. 13 [Page 14]Crimson Book

“The Book of My Covenant,” written by Baha’u’llah entirely in His Own hand, establishing His Covenant

and appointing ‘Abdu’I-Baha as Its Center. This document has no parallel in the Scriptures of

any previous Dispensation. (GPB 238)

Dala’ il-i-Sab‘ih

Darughih

Daru’sh-Shafay-i Masjid etc.

Darvish

Darvfsh Muhammad

Dawlih

Days of the week, Baha’:

Jalal Jamal Kamal Fidal ‘Idal Istijlal Istiqlal

Dayyan

Dhabih

Dhékirin

Dhi’b

Dhikr

1D)

dal-awe-ell-eh-sab-eh “Seven Proofs” “...the most important of the

daw-roog-eh

dawr-osh-shaffawe-yeh-mass-jed

dar-veesh

dar-veesh Moham-mad

doe-leh

jal-all jam-all cam-all fez-all ed-all ess-tej-lall

ess-tek-lall

die-yon

zab-eeh

zaw-care-een

zeb

zeckr

polemical works of the Bab.” (GPB 26). High constable,

School in Tihran,

Poor one. Religious mendicant. D’Ohsson in his “Ottoman Empire” lists 32 out of many more orders of these Islamic mystics. See Faqir.

Name by which Bah4’u’llah was known in Kurdistan.

State; government.

Saturday Glory

Sunday Beauty Monday Perfection Tuesday Grace Wednesday Justice Thursday Majesty Friday Independence

Siyyid Asadu’llah, distinguished believer who, with several others, was murdered by decree of Mirza

Yahya (GPB 124; SW 176).

The Sacrifice. Surname of Siyyid Isma‘il-iZavdri’{, extolled by Bahé’u’llah as King and Beloved of Martyrs. (GPB 136).

Rememberers. Performers of a dhikr, the religious ceremony practised by various mystic orders.

The Wolf, Shaykh Mubhammad-Bagir. Remembrance, commemoration, mention; praise or

glorification of God; recital of His names; religious . ‘ exercise or ceremony. Plural, adhkar.

14 [Page 15]Dhi’l-Jawshan zel-jo-shan Possessor of the coat of mail. Shimr, leader of Yazfd’s army that martyred the Imam Husayn at Karbild. Prototype of cruelty, he is represented in the passion plays as dressed in chain-armor.

Dizva deez-vaw Village near Fort Tabarsf,

Dragoman Interpreter (tarjumadn),

Du‘a doe-awe Prayer,

Endowed with constancy Title given to those Prophets Who revealed a Faith and

instituted religious laws. “The independent Prophets are the lawgivers and the founders of a new cycle... The other Prophets are followers and promoters...they are like the moon, which...receives its light from the sun.” ‘Abdu’l-Bahd,

SAQ 188. Fadil-i-Q@’ iné faw-zel-eh-caw-en-ee Erudite early Bahd’/ who taught in Samargand and Bukhérd. Faqir fack-eer Poor, i.e., in need of God’s mercy, poor in the sight of

God. These are divided into two great classes, those who live by Qur’dnic law and those who, though calling themselves Muslims, live without the law. A member of the former is known as a traveler (salik--saw-leck) on the pathway (tarfqat--ta-ree-cat) to heaven. The latter are Gzdd (awe-zawd) free, or majdhGb (maj-zoob), rapt, abstracted, attracted. There are many orders of faqirs, practising many, and often secret, ceremonies. Their doctrines

“ee . se . . . are Sufi, and their religious ceremonies are called dhikrs (zeckr)--rememberings.

Faraqlit fawr-a-kleet Paraclete. This refers to Muhammad. Cf. Tablet of ‘Abdu’l-Bahd to Charles Mason Remey, S of W, vol. 3, No. 7: “His Holiness the Christ took the Covenant of the ‘Paraclete’--which means His Holiness Muhammad--and announced the glad-tidings of His appearance.” Isldmic doctrine is that this is the original of the word translated ‘‘Ahmad” in Qur’an 61:6. Nicholson translates “Ahmad”

laudatiss.imus. Farman far-mawn Order, command, royal decree. Farman-Farma far-mawnfar-maw Title of a Persian dignitary, SW 170. Farrash Far-rawsh Footman, attendant; lit. carpet-spreader. Farrash- far-rawsh Head farrdsh, Bashi bosh-ee

15 [Page 16]Farsakh far-sack 3 to 4 miles; i.e., distance laden mule walks in 1 hour.

Fath-‘Alf-Shah fat-alley-shaw Qajdr Shah who reigned 1798-1834. Notorious among other things for wives, concubines, and “incalculable

progeny.” (PDC 68).

Fatimih faw-teh-meh Daughter of Muhammad, consort of ‘Ali, ancestress of the Bab, known among other titles as “The Chaste One” and “The Lady of Light.” To Muslims, one of the four perfect women.

Fatimih, Book of Words of consolation addressed by Gabriel to Fatimih, grieving for her departed Father. Dictated to ‘Ali, this “Hidden Book of Fatimih” was believed by Shf‘ah Islam to be in the possession of the promised

Qa’im. (GPB 140)

Fatvé fat-vaw Sentence or judgment by Muslim muft!.

Fin feen Palace near Késhén, where the minister responsible for the death-sentence of the Bab was killed by royal order.

Firdz-Kuh fee-ruse-cooh Persian town east of Tihran.

Firéz Mirza fee-ruse-mere-zaw Governor of Shirdz in 1850.

Friend of God Abraham,

Fugqaha fo-ka-haw Muhammadan jurists, sg. fagth. Cf. Spanish alfaqui.

Futuhat-i-Makiyyih fo-too-hot-eh- Celebrated work by Shaykh Ibnu’l-‘Arabi, containing

mack-ee-yeh Muhammad’s prediction that all the Qa’im’s com panions would be slain, except one who would reach the plain of ‘Akkd.

G

Gilan gie-lawn Persian province on Caspian Sea.

Great Announcement See Qur’dn 78:1-2, a’n-naba’u'l-‘Azfm. This refers to the advent of the Day of the Lord. (SW 143).

Guardian See Shoghi Effendi,

Gunjishk gun-jeshk Sparrow,

Gurgin Khan gore-geen-con Ruthless deputy governor of Isfahan in the days of

the Mu‘tamidu'd-Dawlih,

16 [Page 17]Ghawth go-ss Title of head of Men of the Unseen, indicating saintship. Analagous term, Qutb (kotb)--pole, pivot.

Ghaybat gay-bat Occultation; the whole period of the Hidden Imdm’s |mamate. Ghaybat-i-kubra gay-bat-eh-cob-raw = Major Occultation. Period from the death of the

Fourth Gate till the return of the Twelfth Imam. During this period all communication between the Im4m and his Church ceased.

Ghay bat-i-Sughra gay-bat-eh-sog-raw Minor Occultation. 69-year period, beginning in 260 ~ A.H., during which the Twelfth Imam was still accessible through the Four Gates.

Ghugsn gossn Branch. Son or descendant of Baha’u'’llah. (SW 94; GPB 239). Ghusn-i-Mumtaz gossn-eh-mom- The Chosen Branch, i.e., Shoghi Effendi. tawz H U Ha héh The letter “h? The numerical value of this letter is

identical with that of “Bab” (5).

Ha, Days of Days of hah The Intercalary Days, so named by Baha'u'llah in the Book of Aqdas, where He also ordained that they should immediately precede the month of ‘Ald, i.e., the month of fasting which closes the Baha’f year. Every 4th year the number of the Intercalary Days is raised from 4 to 5.

Habfbu’ Ilah Mirzé hab-eeb-ol-law- Persian prince martyred for the Faith in Dawlat-Abéd. mere-zaw

Hadfqatu'r-Rahmén had-ee-gat-or- Place where the heads of the martyrs of Nayriz are ra-h-mawn buried.

Hadith had-eess Tradition. The whole body of the sacred tradition of

the Muslims is called the hadith. (Plu. ahadith).

Hadith-i-Jabir had-eess-eh-jaw- Well-known sacred tradition authenticated by Baha’u’bare Ilah in the Iqdn. (GPB 80). Jdbir Ibn ‘Abdi’Iléh al-Ansdri was an early Muslim who accompanied the Prophet in battle, and died at Medina A.H. 78, aged 94.

Hadifth-i-Qudsi had-eess-eh-kod-see A hadith “which relates a revelation from God in the language of the Prophet.” Here is an example from the Mishkdtu’l-Masabih, a well-known book of Sunnf traditions: “Abi Hurayra said, ‘The Prophet of God related these words of God, “The sons of Adam vex Me, and abuse the age, whereas | am the Age itself: In My hands are all events: | have made the day and night.”’”

(Cf. Hughes).

Hadrat-i-A‘la’ has-ra-teh-a...law His Holiness the Most Exalted One; a title of the Bab.

17 [Page 18]Hafiz

Haft-V adi’

haw-fezz

haft-vaw-dee

Persian mystic poet, A.D. 1320-1390, author of unsurpassed odes in the ghazal form.

Seven Valleys, revealed by Bah@’u'lldh in answer to questions of Shaykh Muhyi’d-Dfn and describing “the

seven stages which the soul of the seeker must needs traverse ere it can attain the object of

its existence.” (GPB 140).

Haji

Haji Mitzd Aqasi” Haji Mirza Haydar-A Ir

Haji Mitzé Karim Khan

haw-gee

haw-gee-mere-zaw awe-caw-see

haw-gee-mere-zawhay-dar-al-lee

haw-gee-mere-zawka-reem-con

One who has made the pilgrimage to Mecca.

Prime Minister of Persia; the Antichrist of the B&br Revelation. (GPB 164).

Noted early Baha’? called “the Angel of Carmel.” Writer condemned by Baha’u’ll&h for advocating the

study of the science of metaphysical abstractions, of alchemy and natural magic, which Baha’u’Il&h refers

to as “vain and discarded learnings.” (Cf. Iqan, 186). Author of a vicious attack on the Babi Faith, written by request of the Shah. (GPB 91).

Haji Mirza Muhammad Taqi Haji Mirza Siyyid ‘Alf

Haji Muhammad-Ridé

haw-gee-mere-zaw mo-ham-mad-tackee

haw- gee-mere-zaw say-yed-al-lee

haw-gee-moham-mad

rez-aw

Cousin of the Bab and chief builder of the Temple at ‘Ishqabad, to which he dedicated his entire resources.

His state title was Vakflu’d-Dawlih. (GPB 268, 300). Maternal uncle of the Bab, who reared Him. 70-year old Baha'i stabbed to death in broad daylight

in ‘Ishqabdd at the instigation of the Shi‘ahs, whose guilt was subsequently established by the Czar’s

military court. The aggrieved Bah4’fs intervened on behalf of the murderers and had their sentences commuted to a lighter punishment. (SW 77; GPB 202).

Haji Sulayman Khan

Hajfbu'd-Dawlih

haw-gee-sol-aymon-con

haw-jeb-od-doe-leh

Martyr who danced and recited poetry in the streets of Tihrén as lighted candles burned into his flesh. (GPB 78; DB 618).

Persian official who devised hideous tortures for the Babfs and is described by Browne as “infamous

monster.” (DB, 617; “A Traveller’s Narrative,” 52, n.1).

Hakim Hamzih Haqiqat

Haram

Haram-i-Aqdas

ha-keem ham-zeh hag-ee-gat

har-am

har-am-eh-ack-dass

Man’s name; wise, also doctor. Uncle of Muhammad and “The Prince of Martyrs.” Truth, the goal of the mystic wayfarer.

Sanctuary at Mecca, a sacred area where no blood may

be spilled.

The outer Sanctuary of Baha’u’Ilah’s Sepulcher.

18 [Page 19]Haram-i-Ma‘'sdmih har-am-eh-ma... Shrine of Fatimih, d. 816 A.D., the sister of Imdm Rida,

soom-eh at Qum. Hasan hass-san Man’s name. Has himite haw-shem-ite Of the family of Hdshim, ancestor of Mubammad. Haziratu'l-Quds has-ee-ra-tol-kods The Sacred Fold. Official title designating headquarters

of Baha’f administrative activity. This institution is complementary in its functions to those of the Mashriqu’tAdhkér, which is “exclusively reserved

for Bahd’f worship.” (GPB 339).

He Who Discoursed With God Moses (PDC 83).

Hijdz hedge-Oz “Barrier.” Southwestern Arabia. Language of: Arabic.

Hijrat, also Hijra hedge-rat Hejira; the departure of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina hedge-ra in 622 A.D., subsequently established as the first year of

the Muslim era.

Hill hel The area outside the Haram or Sanctuary. Blood may be shed at Hill, as the sanctity of the Haram does not extend to it. The verse quoted in SW 17 expresses Baha’u'llah’s willingness to give up His life anywhere.

Hin heen Time. Shaykh Ahmad’s prophecy of the Advent. In the abjad notation 68, and it was in 1268 that Baha’u’llah, confined in the Sfydh-Ch4l of Tihrdn, received the first intimations of His Divine Mission. Odes

which He revealed in that year hint of this (DB 18).

Hisdmu's-Saltanih hess-awm-oss- Title of a Persian dignitary (SW 170). sal-ta-neh

Howdah Litter, i.e. covered vehicle for travellers, carried on camel, mule, etc.

Hid who'd Prophet of God sent to ‘Ad. Cf. Qur’an 11.

Hujah hoj-ah His reverence, eminence, etc.

Hujjat hoj-jat Erudite cleric and Bab! convert martyred at Zanjén.

Hujjatu'llah hoj-jat-ol-law The Proof of God. A title of the Qd’im.

Huqéqu'Ildh ho-coo-ko-law Right of God; payment by believers instituted in the Kit&b-i-Aqdas.

Hori hoo-ree Maidens of Paradise described in Qur’an 55:56, etc.

Hurdf-i-Hayy ho-roof-eh-high Letters of the Living, the Bab’s first eighteen disciples;

2 the nineteenth Letter was the Bab Himself, the twentieth Baha'u'llah. (DB xvii). The term denotes letters of the alphabet, not epistles.

Husayn ho-sane Proper noun. To Shf‘ah Islam, Baha’u’lldh is the return of the Imam Husayn. (GPB 94). 19 [Page 20]Husayn-[bn-i-Roh Naw-Bakhti

Husayniyyih

ho-sane-ebn-eh-rooh- Third of the Four Gates (See Abvab-i-Arba‘ih), Learned

no-back-tee

ho-sane-ee-yeh

and holy Shaykh, died A.D. 937-8. (Browne, Traveller’s Narrative, 302).

Place where martyrdom of Husayn is mourned, or where Muslim passion plays may be presented. Designation

given by Shf‘ahs to Bahd’u’llah’s Most Great House in Baghdad, forcibly occupied by them.

(GPB 357).

nije

7 i

Ibn

Ibn-i-Dhi'b

eh

ee

ebn

ebn-eh-zeb

if

Of, from. Pertaining to, belonging to. Son.

Son of the Wolf--i.e. Shaykh Muhammad-Taqiy-iNajaff. Baha’u’llah’s “Epistle to the Son of the Wolf”

was His “last outstanding Tablet,” practically terminating His “prodigious achievement as author

of a hundred volumes...” 'GPB 201; 219, 220).

Ibn-i-Hajib

Ibn-i-Malik

Ibn-i-Mas‘éd

on text of Qur'an.

Ibn-i-Mihriyar Ibn-i-S orlya

‘Ibréné

Idhé

il

ilkhani“ garden

Imam

ebn-haw-jeb

ebn-eh-maw-lek

ebn-eh-mass---oad

Fought at Badr, etc.

ebn-eh-meh-reeawr

ebn-eh-sue-ree-ya

eb-raw-nee ezz-aw

eel eel-con-ee

eh-mom

Author of two well-known Arabic grammars, the Kafiya

and the Shafiya; d. 1248 A.D.

Author of a versified grammar, the Alfiyyih; from Jaen,

d. 1273 A.D. Noted “companion” of Muhammad; said to be one of ten whom Muhammad assured of Paradise. A leading authority

Died Medina A.H. 32, aged 60.

One who reportedly communicated with the Hidden Imam during the Minor Occultation. Browne, Tr. Narr., 302.

Rabbi chosen by the people of Khaybar at Muhammad’s request to cite a point of Jewish law. (Iqan, 84).

Hebrew, i.e., “the language of the crossing.”

if or when.

clan.

Site of Tahirih’s martyrdom.

“...divinely-ordained successor of the Prophet, one en dowed with all perfections and spiritual gifts...whose decision is absolute and final, whose wisdom is super human, and whose words are authoritative.” (Browne, Tr. Narr. 296). The word means one who stands before or is followed; head, chief, leader.

20 [Page 21]Imams, the Twelve:

1.

10.

1.

12.

lA Imam

‘Alf-ibn-i-Abi-Télib

Fatimih

Shahr-Bané

. Muhammad-Bdgqir

(son of 4th Imam)

. Ja‘far-i-Sadiq

. Hasan, son of ‘Ali and

. Husayn, son of ‘Alf and

. ‘Ali, son of Husayn and

(son of the 5th Imam)

222. gla « Musa-Kazim

(son of 6th Imam)

. Imém Riga (buried Mashhad)

full name ‘Alf/-ibn-ieMusa

is Muhammad-Taqi

(son of 8th Imam)

‘Alf Nagi (son of 9th Imam)

Hasan ‘Askari

(son of 10th Imam)

Muhammad (son of 11th Imam)

disappeared and would return.

Imam, Hidden

12th Imam.

Imam-Jum‘ ih

eh-mom

eh-mom-jum-eh

alley-ebn-abeetaw-leb

hass-san

ho-sane

a-lee

moham-mad-baw-care

ja...far-ess saw-deck (The

Veridical)

moo-saqw-caw-zem

eh-mom-rez-aw

moham-mad-tack-ee

a-lee-na-kee

hass-san ask-ar-ee

moham-mad

martyred 40 A.H. 661A.D. ” 50 670 " 61 680

” by Hérunu’r- Rashid, 183 A.H.

n

203 A.H.

220 A.H.

254 A.H.

260 A.H.

Died A.H. 260, aged five.

Bore not only the same name but the same kunya (designation) as the Prophet: Abu’l-Qasim; according to Shi‘ahs only the Prophet may bear these two names together. Shi‘ahs hold he did not die, but

Prayer leader, not to be confused with the Twelve Imdms.

Promised One of Shi‘ah Islam, the 12th Imdm who is to reappear at the time of the end and fill all the earth with justice. Fulfilled by the Bab, 1844, (1260 A.H.), exactly one thousand years after the death of the

the sovereign.

21

Chief of the mullas, who recites the Friday prayers for [Page 22]Imam-Zédih eh-mom-zaw-deh Tomb of Muslim saint; descendant of an Imam.

Imam-Zadih Hasan eh-mom-zaw-deh Shrine in Tihran where the Bab’s body was kept. hass-san

Im&m Zadih Ma‘s dm eh-mom-zaw-deh- Shrine where for a time the Bab’s body was conma...soom cealed, until 1867-68 when a Tablet was received from

Baha'u'llah directing that the remains immediately be transferred elsewhere; not long after, this Shrine was rebuilt.

‘Imérat-i-Khurshid em-aw-rat-eh-core- Structure of the Sun; the Governor’s private residence in sheed Isfahan, where the Bab resided four months. ‘Imran em-rawn Name of the father of Moses and Aaron, and also of the

Virgin Mary. Her mother’s name was Hannah --Anna or Anne. The commentators state that Mary was called sister of Aaron (Qur’an 19:29) because she was of the Levitical race. (See Qur'an 3:31).

Insha'Ilah en-shaw-lah If God will.

Iran ee-rahn The Persians’ name for Persia. “Jran, Eran, Airan, the Airiyana of the Avesta, is the land of the Aryans (Ariya, Airiya of the Avesta, Sanskrit Aryafexcellent, honorably’. (Browne, E.G., L. Hist.

|, 4n.) ‘Iraq eh-rock Kingdom of Southwest Asia, practically co-extensive with region of Mesopotamia. Capital, Baghdad. Irshadu'l-‘Avdm air-shod-ol-av-awm “Guidance unto the Ignorant,” title of book by Haji Mirzé Karim Khén. Isfahan ess-fa-hawn In 1592 Shah ‘Abbds the Great moved his court from

Qazvin to Isfahdn. Of this ancient capital city, the Persians say Isfahan nisf-i-jihan--half the world is Isfahan.

Isfandiyér ess-fan-dee-yawr Baha’u’Ilah’s servant, referred to by ‘Abdu’|-Bahé as virtually “a perfect man.” (PUP 421-422).

‘Ishqabad esh-cob-odd The City of Love, in Russian Turkistan. Site of first Baha’t House of Worship, initiated by ‘Abdu’l-Baha about 1902. (GPB 300).

Ishrdq esh-rock Splendor Ishraqat esh-rock-awt Tablet of Splendors, by Baha’u’ll@h (Holy Land). Islam ess-lahm Surrender of one’s own will to the will of God; name of the

religion founded by the Prophet Muhammad.

Ism-i-A‘zam ess-meh-a...zam The Greatest Name. Term applied to each of the following: Allah-u-Abhé (God is All-Glorious) or Ya Baha’u'l-Abha (O Thou the Glory of Glories!), the first of which became the Baha’ greeting during Baha’u’IlG@h’s exile in Adrianople (1863-1868). (GPB 176). Also, a title of Baha’u'llah (GPB 194).

22 [Page 23]Cea Isma‘t

ess-maw-eel

Son of Abraham, also called the Sacrifice. Qur’dn 37:101 tells of Abraham’s dream in which He was

instructed to sacrifice His firstborn son, who according to Muslim tradition, was Isma‘fl. (G1.75). The twelve princes referred to in Genesis 17:20 are the twelve Imdms.

Isma‘ ili

ess-maw-eel-ee

Shf‘ah sect who accept the line of Imdms to the death of Imém Ja‘far-i-Sddiq, the sixth. Imam Ja‘far disin herited his eldest son, Isma'‘fl, for inebriety, appointing MUsd in his stead. The Isma‘ilfs, also called Seveners, adhere to Isma‘fl’s son Muhammad as the inaugurator of the Seventh Prophetic Period, the other six being those of Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus and Muhammad.

‘Ismat-i-Kubra

Ismu’l-Azal

Ismu'Ilahi?l-Akhir

Isrdffl

Ithnd-‘Ashariyyih

I‘ timédu'd-Dawlih

Jabal-i-Bas it

Jabal-i-Shadid

Jabarut

Jabir Ibn-i-Hayyan

Jabulqd and Jabulsa”

Ja‘ far

Jahiliyih

ess-mat-eh-cob-raw

ess-moll-as-Al

ess-moll-law-helawe-care

ess-raw-feel

ess-naw-asharee-yeh

et-em-odd-od doe-leh

jab-al-eh-baw-set

jab-al-eh-shad-eed

jab-a-root jaw-bare-ebn-ehhigh-on jaw-bol-caw, jaw-bol-saw ja---far (ar as in Harry)

jaw-hel-ee-yeh

Bahd’u’llah'’s doctrine of the “Most Great Infallibility” of the Manifestation of God. (GPB 214).

Name of Eternity (Mirza Yahy4).

The Last Name of God, title given to Quddus by the Bab.

Angel who sounds the trumpet on the Day of Judgement.

The Twelvers; those Shi‘ahs who believe in the succession of the 12 Imams and the return of the 12th.

Chief minister of state at time of attempt on Shah’s life by a crazed Babi, August 1852.

J

The Open Mountain; name given by the Bab to Mah-ku.

The Grievous Mountain; name given by the Bab to Chihrfq. The numerical value of shadfd is the same as

that of Chihrfq (318).

Heaven; a degree in mystical life. World of Divine omnipotence.

Pupil of Imam Ja‘far-i-Sadiq; wrote a book of his sayings. Mysterious cities where Shi‘ahs believe the 12th Imam to be living with his chosen companions, waiting to come forth in the fullness of time and fill the earth with justice. Man’s name.

Age of Ignorance; term denoting heathenism prevailing in Arabia prior to the advent of Muhammad,

23 [Page 24]Jaldlu'd-Dawlih, Prince

Jaldlu'-d-D in-i-Rumé

Jamal Péshd

jal-awl-od-doe-leh

jal-awl-od-deen-eh

roo-mee

jam-awl-paw-shaw

A son of Zillu’s-Sultan, as governor of Yazd he ordered the frightful deaths of seven believers in a single day. Stigmatized by Baha’u’llah as “The Tyrant of Yazd.” (GPB 232).

Usually titled Mawldnd (our Master); Persia’s greatest mystic poet, (1207-1273), who settled in Rum (Asia

Minor) and authored the Mathnavi.

Defeated Turkish commander-in-chief in Syria, who had sworn to raze Baha’u’llah’s Tomb to the ground and

crucify ‘Abdu’l-Baha in a public square in Constantinople. (PDC 65).

Jamal-i-Mubarak

Jamé|-i-Qidam Javad

Javahiru’l-Asrdr

Jayhin

Jaziriy-i-Khadrd

J inab

Jinab-i-Munit Joseph

Jubbih

Jk, Book of

ja-moll-eh-mobaw-rak

ja-moll-eh-keh-dam

ja-vod

jav-awe-hairolass-rawr

jay-hoon

jazz-ee-ray-ehkaz-raw

jen-ob

jen-ob-eh-mo-neer

jub-beh

jook

The Blessed Beauty; a title of Baha’u’llah.

The Ancient Beauty; a title of Bah@’u’ll&h. Man’s name.

Writing of Baha’u’llah prior to His Declaration (‘Irdq).

The Oxus River,

Verdant Isle. Reference to Mazindardn; also the Garden

of Na‘mayn. (DB 325; GPB 193). Courtesy title sometimes translated “His Honor.”

Baha'i exile who died at Smyrna en route to the ‘Akka prison.

Reference to Bahd’u'IIah in the Badb’s Commentary on the

Strih of Joseph. (GPB 23). Quter coat.

Collection of early historical records referred to in G1. 174; probably Yogi traditions reported in such works as the

Dabistanu’l-Madhahib, a treatise composed in India about the middle of the 17th century.

Ka‘b-Ibn-i-A shraf

Ka‘bih

ca...b-ebn-ehash-raff ca...beh

IG

Name of a Medinite divine and poet who opposed Muhammad, entering into a Meccan alliance with Abé Sufydn after the

Muslim defeat at Uhud. Cf. Qur’an 59:2.

Cube-like, stone building at Mecca, containing the Black Stone. Traditionally built by Adam and reconstructed after

the Flood by Abraham and Ishmael, it is the Qiblih and holiest spot in the Muslim world. “The first temple that was founded for mankind, was that in Becca, [Place of crowding, i.e., Mecca] Blessed, and a guidance for all creatures.” @ 3:90.

24 [Page 25]Kabir cab-ear Kad-khuda cad-co-daw Kaff caw-fee Kéfur caw-foor Kaldntar cal-awn-tar (ar as in Harry) Kalimat-i-F irdawsiyyih cal-em-awt-ehfair-dose-ee-yeh Kelimdt-ieMaknonih cal-em-awt-eh-mack noo-neh

Great; the superlative is Akbar.

Alderman; bailiff. Head man of a village.

Sufficing, an attribute of God (Qur’én 39:37). Title of a book of sacred traditions collected by Abu-Ja‘far Mu hammad-|bn-i-Yaqub (A.H. 328) and accepted by Shi‘ahs.

Camphor; in Qur’dn 76:5,a camphor fountain for the righteous in Paradise.

Mayor,

Words of Paradise, Tablet of Baha’u’llah (Holy Land).

The Hidden Words, revealed by Baha’u’Ilah as He paced the banks of the Tigris, 1274 A.H. It was originally designated by Him the Hidden Book of Fatimih. Shoghi

Effendi refers to it as “this dynamic spiritual leaven cast into the life of the world for the reorientation of the minds of men, the edification of their souls and the rectification of their

conduct....” (GPB 140).

Kamal

Kamal Pasha"

Kangavar

Karbila

Husayn.

Karbila’/

Karkh

Kashan

Kashkél

cam-all

cam-all-paw-shaw

kangg-awe-var

kar-bell-aw

Haji Mirza Kamal-i-Din, who requested Baha’u’Ilah to write on Qur’an 3:87.

Turkish official who in Constantinople was directed by Baha’u'llah to lay the matter of promoting an international language before his government (August-December, 1863).

Persian town west of Mt. Alvand and Hamadén.

City in ‘Iraq, site of martyrdom (Oct. 10, 680 A.D.) and sepulchre of Imam Husayn. Also called Mashhadu’l “Karb and Bala”--anguish and calamity--Husayn reportedly said of this name.

kar (ar as in Harry)bell-aw-ee

cark

caw-shawn

cash-cool

Pilgrim who has been to Karbild.

A quarter of Baghdad.

City in north central Persia, traditionally the native home of the Three Wise Men (A.V.W. Jackson, Persia Past and Present, 412-413).

Alms-basket carried by dervishes. Hollowed-out receptacle “of about the size and shape of a cocoa-nut”,

around opening of which two chains are attached at four points, making a handle.

Kawthar

co-sar (ar as in Harry)

Abundance. Cf. Qur’dn 108:1-3; traditionally, lake or

river in Paradise which Anas relates Muhammad saw on

the night of His Mi‘raj (q.v.) as “a river of water on each side of which there were domes, each formed of a hollow pearl.”

25 [Page 26]Kazimayn

Kha, land of

Khadijih

caw-zem-ain

caw

cad-ee-jeh

Town three miles north of Baghdad, where the “two Kazims”, the 7th and 9th Imams, are buried.

The letter “kha” or kh, designating Province of Khurdsdn, NE Persia.

First wife of Muhammad. Considerably older than the Prophet, she remained His only wife for twenty-five

years, when she died. He was then in His fifty-first year.

Khadimu'Ilah Khajih, Fort of

Khalidiyyih Order Khalifih Khalil

Khén

Khasa’il-i-Sab‘ih

Khaybar

Khidr

caw-dem-ol-lah

caw-jeh

caw-led-ee-yeh

cal-ee-feh cal-eel

con

cass-awe-ell-eh sab-eh

kay-bar (ar as in Harry)

kezz-r

Servant of God; title of Mirza Aqé Jon. (GPB 115). Storm center of Nayriz upheaval.

The eminent leader of this Order was completely won over by Baha’u’ll&h during His sojourn in Kurdistdén.

(GPB 122). Caliph. Vicegerent. Friend (of God); title of Abraham.

Mongolian title of kings, princgs, nobles. In modern times, originally a title of the nobility or of chiefs or tribes, by extension an honorific denoting gentleman.

Writing of the Bab, altering the sacrosanct formula of the

Muslim call to prayer. (GPB 10).

“rich vale of Khaybar” studded with villages and fortresses on the way to Syria north from Medina. (Muir's description of the region in Muhammad’s time).

Lit. “The Green One.” His name does not occur in the Qur’dn, but most of the commentators identify him with the

mysterious personage referred to in Qur’Gn 18:59-81. He is often referred to as having discovered and partaken of the fountain of life, and is called its custodian. He also symbolizes the true guide. “he stands pre-eminently for the inner light of saintship as opposed to the intellectual, legalistic, and apostolic aspects of prophecy....Like the Séff Pir (murshid], he claims silent and unquestioning obedience to his authority....” (Nicholson, Commentary, |, 25).

Khildfat

Khirqiy-i-Sharif

4 Khurasan

Khutbih

Khutbiy-i-Tutujiyyih

kell-awe-fat

care-gay-yehsha-reef

core-awe-sawn

cot-beh

cot-bay-yeh-to-toogee-yeh

Vicegerency of the Prophet Muhammad.

Name of mosque near which, on arrival in Constantinople (Aug. 16, 1863), Baha’u’llGh and His family were first imprisoned. (GPB 157).

Province of Northeast Persia.

Sermon delivered Fridays at noon. Cf. Qur’dn 62:9; the “congregation day” is Friday in Islam and “remembrance of God” is understood to mean the sermon.

Sermon by ‘AI. 26 [Page 27]Khuy co-ee Town in Northwest Persia, West of Tabriz.

Kinar-gird ken-awr-gaird Fortress about 30 miles from Tihrdn. A station on the old Isfahan road.

Kirman care-mawn City in South central Persia.

Kirmanshah care-mawn-shah City in West Persia, near frontier of Turkey.

Kitab ket-awb Book.

Kitab-i-Ahd ket-awb-eh-a-ht The Book of Baha’u’IlIah’s Covenant.

Kitab-i-Aqdas ket-awb-eh-ack-dass The “Most Holy Book” of Baha’u’llah. “...the Charter

of His World Order, the chief repository of His laws, the Harbinger of His Covenant, the Pivotal Work containing some of His noblest exhortations, weightiest pronouncements, and portentous prophecies....” (PDC 24) Revealed in ‘Akka, circa 1873, “during the full tide of His tribulations, at a time when the rulers of the earth had definitely forsaken Him....” (GPB 213).

Kitab-i-Badi* ket-awb-eh-ba-dee By Baha’u’Illah, Adrianople, “refuting the arguments of 7 the people of the Baydén.” (WOB 124). “His apologia... corresponding to the Kitab-i-lqdn, revealed in defense of the Babi Revelation....” (GPB 172).

Kitéb-i-iqdn ket-awb-eh-ee-con “The Book of Certitude.” “...of unsurpassed preeminence among the writings of the Author of the Baha’ Revelation.” Revealed in 1862, in fulfillment of the Bab’s prophecy that the Promised One would complete the unfinished Persian Bayan, and in reply to questions asked by the Bab’s as yet unconverted maternal uncle. (GPB 138).

Kitab-i-Panj-Sha'n ket-awb-eh- The Book of Five Ranks; one of the last works of the panj-sha...n Bab, foretelling His Own death (GPB 51).

Kitabu'r-R&h ket-awb-or-rooh Book of the Spirit, a 700-sGrih work revealed by the Bab.

Kofih coo-feh City on west bank of Euphrates, founded 636 A.D. The

more ancient characters of Arabic writing are called Kific, after this one-time seat of learning.

Kulah co-| 6h Persian hat, brimless, of lambskin or felt, long worn by government officials, civilians, etc. The term “hatted” refers to laymen while “turbaned” indicates the clergy or learned class.

Kuldh-i-farangi co-|4h-heh-fa- European hat. Pavilion. rangg-ee Kull-i-Shay? coll-eh-shay All things. A Bddi*calendar period comprising nineteen

Véhids. The numerical value of this term is 361 (19x19). We are living in the first kull-i-shay’.

Kullu’t-ta-‘dm coll-ot-ta-awm “All food,” a Tablet revealed by Baha'u'llah concerning Qur’dn 3:87 (“All food was allowed to the children of Israel.”), in ‘Iraq, after Mirzdé Yabyd had proved incompetent to write on the subject. In it Baha’u’Ilah identifies Israel and his children with the Bab and His followers. (GPB 116-117). 27 [Page 28]Kumay! co-mail

Kurd cord Kurdistan cord-ess-tawn Kuror core-oor Lahut lah-hoot Lawh low-h Lawh-i-Ahmad low-heh-Ah-mad (a’s as in at) Lawh-i-Aqdas low-heh-ak-dass Lawh-i-Burhan low-heh-bore-hawn Lawh-i-Dunya low-heh-dun-yaw Lawh-i-Fu'dd low-heh-fo-odd Lawh-i-Hawdaj low-heh-how-daj Lawh-i-Hikmat low-heh-heck-mat Lawh-i-Huriyyih lowsheh-hoo-reeyeh Lawh-i-Hurdfat low-heh-horoof-awt Lawh-i-Karmil low-heh-car-mel

(ar as in Harry)

Lawh-i-Madinatu't-Taw hid low-heh-ma-deen-attut-tow-heed

Tradition of; cf. Gl. 178.

Member of race numbering over two millions, and living principally in Kurdistan.

In Turkey, ‘Iraq and Northwest Persia, “a region whose sturdy and warlike people were known for their age-long

hostility to the Persians....” (GPB 120).

A crore; this equals 500,000.

Divinity; the plane of Divinity, the “inward, eternal aspect of Reality,” contrasted with Ndsut.

Tablet, Tablet of Ahmad, by Baha’u’llah (Adrianople). Most Holy Tablet, by Baha’u’lldh (Holy Land).

Tablet of the Proof, by Baha’u’lldh (Holy Land); addressed to “The Wolf,” Shaykh Muhammad-Bagir.

Tablet of the World, by Baha’u’llah (Holy Land). Tablet of Baha’u’llah prophesying the fall of the Sultdn. Fu’ad Pasha, prematurely dead, had been the Turkish Minister of Foreign Affairs. (GPB 208). (Holy Land).

Tablet of the Howdah, revealed by Baha’u’!lah when, on His journey, He first sighted the Black Sea.

Tablet of Wisdom, by Baha'u'llah (Holy Land), setting forth “the fundamentals of true philosophy.” (GPB 219).

Tablet of the Maiden, prophetic writing of Baha'u'llah. Tablet of the Letters, revealed by the Bab in honor of Dayydn, and unraveling the mystery of the Mustaghath. (GPB 27, 69).

Tablet of Carmel, of Baha’u’llch, (Holy Land).

Tablet of the City of Unity, by Baha’u’llah, prior to His Declaration (‘Iraq).

28 [Page 29]Lawh-i-Mahfuz

low-heh-mah-fooz a as in at)

Guarded or Preserved Tablet. Occurs only once in Qur’dn, 85:21-22: “It is a glorious Qur’dn written on

the preserved table.” (The plural of lawh, alvah, occurs in Qur’an 7:142 concerning the tables of the law, of Moses). Nicholson, Commentary on the Mathnawi, |, 85, says “the heavenly Lawh-i-Mahfuz on which all things are recorded from eternity to everlasting.” BW V, 491 says this “denotes the Knowledge of God and of His Manifestation.”

Lawh-i-Mallahu’l-Quds

Lawh-i-Maqsud

Lawh-i-Maryam

low-heh-mal-I6hhol-kods

low-heh-mack-sood

low-heh-mar-yam (ar as in Harry)

Tablet of the Holy Mariner, “in which Bahd’u'll@h prophesies the severe afflictions” that were to befall

Him. (‘Iraq). (GPB 140). Tablet of Maqsud, by Baha'u'llah (Holy Land).

Baha'u'Ilah’s Tablet of Mary, addressed to His kinswoman. Herein He pronounces the period of His

d retirement in Kurdistdn as “the most perfect and conclusive evidence” of the truth of His

Revelation. (GPB 124).

Lawh-i-Nugtih

Lawh-i-Ra "fs

low-heh-knock-teh

low-heh-ra-eess

Tablet of the Point, by Baha’u’ll&h (Adrianople).

Bahd’u’lldh’s Tablet to Ra’is, “revealed on the morrow of its Author’s final banishment from

Adrianople to ‘Akka.” (PDC 63). It strongly denounces ‘Alf Pashd, Prime Minister of Turkey.

Lawh-i-Ru’ya

Lawh-i-Sayyah Lawh-i-Sultan sovereign

Lawh-i-Yaquti

Lawhu'r-Ridvan Lawhu'r-R uh Lawhu't-T ugqa

Layli

Letters of the Living

Lived

low-heh-ro-yaw

low-heh-sigh-yah

low-heh-sol-tawn

low-heh-yaw-kootee

low-heh-rezz-von

low-hoar-rooh

low-hut-tow-gaw

lay-lee

levv-awe

Tablet of the Vision, by Baha'u'llah (Holy Land, 1873), in which the “Luminous Maid” bade Him hasten to His “other dominions.” (GPB 221).

Tablet of the Traveller, by Baha'u'llah (Adrianople).

Bahd’u'llah’s Tablet to the Shah of Persia, despatched from ‘Akka and His lengthiest epistle to any single

. (PDC 40). The recipient put its bearer to death.

The Ruby Tablet, mentioned in Persjan “Hidden Words No. 47.

Tablet of Ridvan, by Baha'u'llah (Adrianople), Tablet of the Spirit, by Baha’u'llah (Adrianople). Tablet of the Fear of God, by Baha’u’Ildh (Adrianople).

The beloved of Majnin, classic Persian loved one.

The first 18 disciples of the Bab; the 19th was the Bab, the 20th Bahé’u’Ilah.

Banner. Name given by the Master to Lua Getsinger (Louisa A. Moore), “the mother teacher of the West.”

(GPB 257).

2? [Page 30]Luqmén log-mon Sage for whom Qur'an 31 is named. Rumi refers to him as a Negro slave. He is often identified with Aesop, which Hughes reads Aethiops, i.e., Ethiopian.

Lur lore Tribe in western Persia.

Ma‘ani Ma-aw-nee Significances.

Madakhil Ma-daw-kell Perquisite, squeeze, douceur.

Ma‘dan-Nugqrih ma...dan-knock-reh = “Silver Mine”; place on upper Euphrates where Baha'u'llah and those with Him suffered from intense cold.

Madhhab mazz-hab Religion.

Madinatu'n-Nabi mad-eena-ton- The City of the Prophet, i.e., Medina; it is the pre Nab-ee: Islamic Yathrib, and is also called “The IIluminated.”

Madrisih mad-ress-eh Seminary, school.

Majnén maj-noon “Insane.” Name of classical Persian lover. The

romance of Laylf and Majnun has been popular in the East since the days of Nizami of Ganja (q.v.); it forms the third poem of his Quintet.

Maj és ma-jooss Magi; the Wise Men of the New Testament. Persian mugh and majés, English Magus, defined as a priestly caste or order of ancient Media and Persia. Zoroaster may have been a Magus; Persians use the term to mean Zoroastrian. Cf. also Qur’dn 22:17.

Mah-Ku maw-coo Fortress where the Bab was imprisoned, near Mt. Ararat. Referred to by Him as Jabal-i-Bdsit, “The Open Mountain.” The numerical value of Basit equals that of Mah-ké (72).

MahbGb mah-boob The Beloved One. (a as in at) Mahbubu'sh-Shuhada ma-hboo-bush Beloved of Martyrs. sho-had-awe Mahmid ma-hmood Praised One. Mahmud Khan-i-Kalantar — ma-hmood-con-eh- “False-hearted and ambitious” mayor of Tihran in 1852. cal-awn-tar Tahirth was placed in his custody. (ar as in Harry) Maiden In the Baha’ Faith, the symbol of the Most Great Spirit,

respectively symbolized in the Zoroastrian, the Mosaic, the Christian and Muhammadan Dispensations by the Sacred Fire, the Burning Bush, the Dove and the Angel Gabriel. (GPB 101; 121).

Majdhub maj-zoob Dervish who was among the first to recognize the station of Baha’u'll&h. (DB 118). This word is a technical am term for an attracted, or rapt, seeker. [Page 31]Man-Yuzhiruhu'l lah man-yoz-hairo-hol-lah

Manichihr Khan man-oo-chair-con

Malakut ma-la-koot

He whom God shall Manifest, the Manifestation Whose imminent Advent was foretold by the Bab. This prophecy was fulfilled by Bahé’u’Ilah.

Governor of Isfahdn who was devoted to the Bab. See Mu‘tamid.

“The infinite realm of the Divine attributes” contemplated by “the God-illumined mystic.” The word has

been defined as “that by which a thing subsists.” See Nicholson; also Qur’Gn 36:83: “Glory be to Him in Whose hands is the malak6t of all things.” Rodwell translates “sway over all things”; A. Yosuf-‘Alt translates: “dominion of all things.”

Magam ma-cawm

Marhaba mar-ha-baw

Mashhad mash-had

Mashhad? mash-had-ee or mashdee

Mashriqu'l-Adhkér mash-reck-ol-as-car

Station.

Bravo! Well done!

Capital of Khurasdén; Shrine of Imam Rida (8th Imam) which is the “special glory of the Shi‘ah world.” (PDC 98). The word means place of martyrdom. Person who has made the pilgrimage to Mashhad.

Dawning-place of the Praises or “Remembrances” of God. Baha’f House of Worship, “Symbol and precursor

of a future world civilization.” (GPB 350). The first two have been built respectively at ‘Ishqabéd, Turkistan, and Wilmette, Illinois.

Masjid mass-jed

Mas jid-i-Jami' mass-jed-eh-jaw-meh Masjid-i-Vakil mass-jed-eh-va-keel Masjidu'l-Aqsa mass-jed-ol-ax-saw Masjidu’l-Haram mass-jed-ol-ha-ram Mathnav? mass-na-vee

Mosque, lit. place of prostration.

Mosque at Nayrfz where Vahfd (va-heed) addressed the congregation. This was the city’s cathedral mosque, where the Khutbih is delivered to large crowds on Fridays.

Mosque in Shiréz where the Bab addressed the congregation, stating that He was neither “a representative of the

Imam” nor “the Gate thereof.” (DB 154)

“The Remotest Sanctuary,” the mosque at Jerusalem on the site of the Temple--in whose court is the Dome of the Rock. Referred to in Qur’dn 17:1. See Aqsa.

“The Sacred Mosque,” at Mecca; the Temple in whose enclosure is the Ka‘bih, the well of Zamzam, and the Maqam-i-Ibrahfm.

Verse form of Persian invention, in which noted Persian narrative poems have been composed. The Mathnaviv

par excellence always refers to one of the world’s greatest poems, composed in six books sometime between A.D. 1246 and 1273 by Jalal-i-Din Rimf. See the erudite text, translation and

commentary by R. A. Nicholson.

31 [Page 32]Mawlavi- mo-lav-ee Order of dancing dervishes founded in the 13th century

A.D. by Jal&l-i-Dfn Rémf. Their name derives from his title, Mawl@ (mow-law), Turkish Mevla, meaning Master.

Maydan may-dawn Square, open place.

Mazindarén moz-enda-rawn Native province of Bah@’u’llah, on the Caspian Sea. (GPB 78).

Mazra‘ih mazz-ra-eh Sown field, farm. Property about 7 kilometres north of

‘Akka, where palace of Muhammad Pashé Safwat was

rented by the Master for Bah’u’ll&h, after nine years of His ‘Akkd prison life, during which time He“had not looked on verdure.”

Mazra‘iy-i-Vashash mazz-ra-eh-yeh- Place on outskirts of Baghdéd where Bahd’u’ll&h vash-awsh celebrated Naw-R6z, 1863. Men of the Unseen (Rijdlu'l-Ghayb) rej-awl-ol-gayb Siéffs believe in an invisible hierarchy of saints, fixed in

number, thanks to whose intercessions the cosmic order

endures. Their supreme hierophant is called a Qutb, (axis) or Ghawth (succorer).

Mihd? meh-dee Cne Who is guided. A title of the 12th Imam.

Mihdf-Qulf Mirza meh-dee-coolie- Commander of the army of Mdézindardn; brother of

mere-zaw Muhammad Shah. Prince who perjured himself at Tabarsf.

Mihr-‘Al? Khan, mehr-alley-con- Persecutor of the Babfs at Nayrfz, who was struck dumb.

Shuja‘u'l-Mulk sho-jaw-ol-molk (GPB 84).

Mihrab meh-rob Prayer niche in a mosque, where the Imam or prayerleader leads the prayer. This niche shows the direction of Mecca.

Mim meem Letter “M”, standing for Mazindardn.

Mir Muhammad-Husayn mere-moham-mad- Stigmatized by Bah&’u’ll&h as the “She-Serpent.”

ho-sane Accomplice of Shaykh Muhammad-Baqir.

Mi‘raj meh-rawj “Ascent” of Muhammad. See Qur’an 17:1, describing the mystic vision of the night journey in which the Prophet

is transported from Mecca to Jerusalem and is shown the signs of God. An extensive hadith literature exists on the Mi‘r4j, the influence of which has affected medieval European literature including the Divine Comedy. Cf. the writings of Miguel Asin Palacios, Arabic professor at the Univer sity of Madrid.

Mir’atu'l-Azaliyyih mare-awt-ol-as-al- Everlasting Mirror (Mfrz@ Yahyd), who, himself a

ee-yeh “Mirror,” condemned all the Mirrors to death. “Mirrors,” “Guides” and “Witnesses” comprised the Babf hierarchy. (GPB 90, 114, 165). Mirzé Abu'l-Fad! mere-zaw-ab-ol- Illustrious Persian Baha’f scholar, who taught in the

fazz-l United States at the turn of the century; author of The Bahd’i Proofs, The Brilliant Proof, the Fara’id, etc. “Learned apologist” (GPB 195).

32 [Page 33]oe Mirzd Aqé@ Jan

Mirzé Badi'u'lléh

Mitzé Baqir-i-Shitdzf

Mitzad Buzurg (also

called Mirza ‘Abbds)

Mirza Hédfy-i-Dawlatébadi

Mitzd Husayn-‘A Ww

Mitzé Majdi'd-Dfn

Mirza Mihdi

mere-zaw-aqwe-caw John mere-zaw-badee-ol 1Gh

mere-zaw-baw-careeh-sheer-Oz-ee

mere-zaw-bo-zorg

mere-zaw-haw-deey eh-doe-lat-awbawd-ee

mere-zaw-ho-sane-alee

mere-zaw-majd-ehdeen

mere-zaw-meh-dee

Amanuensis of Bahd’u’lldh for forty years. (GPB 115).

Brother of Mirzd Muhammad-‘Alf. He wrote and published a confession testifying to the acts of the CovenantBreakers against ‘Abdu’l -Bahd.

One of Baha’u’ll4h’s secretaries in Adrianople.

(GPB 171).

Persian nobleman who was the father of Bahd‘u’llah.

, .

Notorious Azali who ultimately denounced Azal.

(SW 86; GPB 233).

Persian nobleman designated by the title Bahd’u’II&h. Founder of the Bahd’i Faith.

Brother-in-law of Mfrzd Muhammad-‘Alf. .A CovenantBreaker who aroused the Turkish Government against the Master so that His confinement was re-imposed.

The Purest Branch; twenty-two year old son of

Bahé’u’Il&h who died as a sacrifice in ‘Akk&, June os 9

23, 1870. Praying, he fell from the roof of the Prison, and supplicated Bah&’u’Il&h to accept his life as a ransom for those who were prevented from attaining the presence of their Beloved.

(GPB 188).

Mirza Muhammad-‘Al?

Mirza Muhammad-‘Aliy ° > i-Zunuzi

Mirzé Muhammad-Tagqty i-Juvayni

Mirzé Muhit-i-Kirmané

> 6b > Mirza Mésd

f 6 Mirza Na‘fm

Mirza Qurban-‘Al?

Mirzé Ridd-Qul?

mere-zaw-mohammad-a-lee

a-lee-yeh-zo-noo-zee

mere-zaw-mohammad-tack-ee-yehjo-vain-ee

mere-zaw-mo-heat eh-care-maw-nee

mere-zZaw-moo-saw

mere-zaw-nd...eem

mere-zaw-core-bawna-lee

mere-zaw-re-zawco-lee

Arch-Breaker of Bahé’u’llas, Covenant; half-brother of ‘Abdu’l-Bahé. (GPB 246, 249).

Disciple who was executed bound to, and shielding,

the Bab.

Early Baha’? who threw away sum of silver and gold as a symbol of sacrifice.

Outstanding exponent of the Shaykhf school, to whom in Mecca the Bab, facing the Black Stone, declared His Mission. (DB 134).

Noble brother of Bahé’u’llah, commonly called Aaéy-iKalfm. “His staunch supporter and ablest of His brothers and sisters.” (SW 166).

Accomplice of Mihr-‘Alf Khan.

Pious, esteemed dervish, one of the Seven Martyrs of Tihran.

A brother of Bah4’u’Iléh. (SW 170). 33 [Page 34]Mirza Sa‘ id Khan

mere-zaw-sa-eed-con Foreign minister of Persia in 1863. Wrote authorities in Constantinople to exile Baha’u'llah from Baghdad.

Mirzd Shu‘d'Ilah mere-zaw-sho-awe- — Son of Mirzd Muhammad-‘Al. ol-lah Mirzd Yahyd mere-zaw-ya-h-yaw —_ Treacherous half-brother of Baha’u'lla@h and “Arch Breaker of the Covenant of the Bab.” The Bab never named a successor, vicegerent or interpreter; He nominated Mirzé Yahyé (Subh-i-Azal) merely “as a figure-head pending the imminent manifestation of the Promised One.” (GPB 28; 233). Mirzd Yahyd is stigmatized as “This vain and flaccid man” “befooled and manipulated” by Siyyid Muhammad. (GPB 112). mesh-keen-cal-am

Mishkin-Qalam Musk-scented Pen; title of a famed Baha’!

calligrapher.

Months (Baha’?): First Day: Ist Baha Ba-ha Splendor March 21 2nd Jalal ja-lawl Glory April 9 3rd Jamal ja-mawl Beauty April 28 4th ‘Azamat az-am-at Grandeur May 17 5th Nor noor Light June 5 6th Rahmat ra-h-mat Mercy June 24 7th Kalimdt cal-eh-mawt Words July 13 8th Kamal cam-awl Perfection Aug. 1 9th Asma’ assm-aw Names Aug. 20

10th ‘[zzat ezz-at Might Sept. 8

11 th Mashiyyat mash-ee-yat Will Sept. 27 12th “Im elm Knowledge Oct. 16 13th Gudrat cod-rat Power Nov. 4

14th Qaw! coal Speech Nov. 23 15th Masa’ il mass-aw-ell Questions Dec. 12 16th Sharaf sha-raff Honor Dec. 31 17th Sultan sol-tawn Sovereignty Jan. 19 18th Mulk molk Dominion Feb. 7

19th ‘Ala a-law Loftiness March 2

34 [Page 35]Months (Muslim): Muharram Safar Rabf‘u'l-Awal Rabi‘u'th-Thdni Jamddiyu'l-Awal Jamadiyu'th-Thani Rajab Sha‘ ban Ramadan Shawal Dhi’l-Qa‘dih Dhi'l-Hijjih

Number of days:

mo-ha-ram 30 sa-fa-r 29 ra-bee-ol-av-val 30 ra-bee-oss-saw-nee 29 jam-awe-dee-ol-av-val 30 jam-awe-dee-oss-saw-nee 29 ra-jab 30 sha...bawn 29 ram-az-zawn 30 shavv-awl 29 zell-ca...deh 30 zell-hedge-eh 29 - 30

Mother-Book, see Ummu'l-Kitab

Mother-Book of the Babi Dis pensation

Mother-Book of the Baha'/ Dispensation

Mu‘abbirin

Mu’adhdhin

Mu‘avtyyih, son of Vahhab

Mudarr isin

Mufaddal

Mufti

Muhadd ithin

Muhammad

mo-ab-bare-een mo-az-zen mo-awe-vee-yeh, va-hob mo-da-ress-enn

mo-fazz-al

muff-tee

mo-had-dess-een

Mo-ham-mad

The Persian Bayan. The Kitab-i-Aqdas. (GPB 324-325). Soothsayers,

Muezzin; caller of the adhan (az-awn) or summons to prayer. The first muezzin was Baldl, the Ethiopian.

Mentioned in Iqan, 246.

Professors,

Contemporary of Imam Sadiq, who prophecied to him

concerning the “year 60” (1844). (SW 112; iqdn 253).

. . ¢ Expounder of Muslim law; gives a fatva or sentence on a point of religious jurisprudence.

Narrators (of hadfth--traditionally reported acts and words of Muhammad, etc.)

570-632 A.D. Prophet of God, Revealer of the Qur’dn,

4 é Founder of Islam. His name means valde laudatus or

laudandus--highly praised or to be praised; foretold by Jesus as Paraclete (see Faraqlit). Called by Baha’u'llah God’s “Well-Beloved One.” (G1, 221). Referred to in Qur’an 33:40 as the Seal

of the Prophets. Speaking of the new Day, Bahd’u’llah states: “The designation ‘Seal of the Prophets’ fully revealeth its [this Day’s] high station. The Prophetic Cycle hath verily ended. The Eternal Truth is now come.” (WOB 167).

35 [Page 36]Muhammad-Husayn-iMardghi'/

Muharram

s the Imams; the tenth day, ‘Ashird’, is the

Muhsin

Mujtahid

Mulla

Mulla ‘Aliy-i-Bastamié

Mulla Bagir

Mulla Husayn

Mulla Muhammad‘Alfy-i-Zanjdnié

Mullé Ni‘ matu’llah-iMazindarané

Mulla Sddiq-i Khurdsanr

Mulla Sadra

Mulla Sa‘ id-iBarfurushi

Mund Muna jathay-i-Siyam

Munzavi

Mugqaddasin

mo-ham-mad-hosane-eh-ma-rawgay-ee

mo-ha-ram

moh-sen

moj-ta-head

mol-law

mol-law-a-leeyeh-bast-awm-ee

mol-law-baw-care mol-law-ho-sane mol-law-mo-hammad-a-lee-yehzan-John-ee mol-law-neh---matol-law-heh-mawzend-a-raw-nee mol-law-saw-deckeh-core-awe-saw nee

mol-law-sad-raw

mol-law-sa-eed-ehbawr-fo-roosh-ee

mo-naw

mon-aw-jot-haw-y ehsee-awm

mon-za-vee

mo-cad-dass-een

One of the Seven Martyrs of Tihran.

First ten days of first month of Muslim year, observed by Shi‘ahs as part of their mourning period for day of the martyrdom of Husayn.

Man's name.

Doctor of Muhammadan law. Persian mujtahids generally receive their diplomas from eminent jurists of Karbila

and Najaf. Muhammadan priest, theologian, judge.

Man of learning who recognized the Bdb. The first to suffer for His sake. (GPB 10).

A Letter of the Living.

The first to believe in the Bab. Called by Shoghi Effendi “the lion-hearted.” (GPB 90).

Man of learning who recognized the Bab.

Eminent Babi, publicly torturedwith Quddés and

another believer.

Great Persian philosopher of the middle Safavi period (AD 1500-1736). He is called Akhund (Master,

par excellence).

Man of learning who recognized the Béb.

Place where Mecca pilgrim sacrifices cattle according to his means on the Day of Nahr.

Prayers for Fasting, written by Baha’u’lIGh “in anticipation of the Book of His Laws....”

(Adrianople). (GPB 172).

Recluse.

Saints.

36 [Page 37]Murad V mo-rawd Immediate successor of Sult&n ‘Abdu’l-Aztz. Soon deposed, his mind having been reduced to a nullity by intemperance and long seclusion in the “Cage”--i.e., the Grand Seraglio prison where Turkish princes were kept under lock and key.

Murgh-Mahallih morg-ma-hal-leh Bahé’u'llah’s summer residence north of Tihran.

Musakhkhirin mo-sack-air-een Muhammadan spirit-subduers.

Mushitu'd-Dawlih mo-sheer-od-doe- Persian ambassador to Constantinople, who calumniatleh ed Baha’u’ll&h. (SW 68, 159).

Mus fbat-i-Hur dfat-i ‘Aliyét moss-ee-bawt-eh- Writing of Bahd’u’llah prior to His Declaration (‘Iraq). ho-roof-awt-ehawl-ee-yawt

Muslim moss-lem Follower of Islam; Muhammadan. Mustafa moss-ta-faw Baha’? martyr. Cf. SW 73. Mustaghath most-a-goss “He Who is invoked.” The cycle of every Divine Dispensa tion. Specifically, the time of Mustagh@th is the day of the Latter Resurrection, i-e., the Advent of Bahd’u’llah. (fqn 229; 248). The letters total according to the abjad reckoning 2001--the limit of time assigned by the Bab for the advent of the Promised One. With these words of the Bab, Bahd’u'll&h refutes those who claimed that the Promised One would not appear until 2,001: “For none knoweth the time of the Revelation except God. Whenever it appeareth, all must acknowledge the Point of Truth, and render thanks unto God.” (SW 157).

Mu‘tamidu'd-Dawlih mo-tam-ed-od- Title of the Governor of Isfahan, Manéchihr Khan, a dow-leh Georgian Christian by origin, who wished to will all his fortune to the Bab.

Mutavalli mo-ta-valley Muhammadan custodian or manager of a religious foundation. Muzaffari’d-D fn Shéh mo-zaff-fa-red- “Weak and timid” 5th Qéjdr Shah. deen-shah

NY

Nab/I nab-eel Excellent; noble, etc. Term often used as a Baha’t title; this name has the same numerical value as Muhammad (92); it is also equal in numerical value to ‘Akkd, referred to as the “Vale of Nabfl” in Bahd’u’ l1Gh’s Lawh-i-Sayy ah, revealed during His first years in Adrianople. (GPB 171, 184).

Nabfl-i-A‘zam nab-eel-eh-a...zam Title of Mulla Muhammad-i-Zarandi, author of the DawnBreakers. \t means the Most Great Nabil. Nabil is also called Bah&’u’llah’s Poet-Laureate. (GPB 130).

Nadr-Ibn-i-Harith nazzr-ebn-eh-haw- Name of an influential pagan opposed to the Prophet ress Muhammad. He preferred Persian romances to the Message of God.

37 [Page 38]Nahr, Day of na-hr Day of Sacrifice, 10th day of Mecca pilgrimate; after casting 7 stones each at 3 pillars of Mund, the pilgrim concludes his pilgrimage with a sacrifice of sheep, goat, cow or camel.

Najaf na-jaff One of the 2 holiest Shrines in the Shf‘ah world. In ‘Ir&g, south of Karbil4.

Najibfyyih Garden naj-ee-bee-yeh Garden of Najib Pash4, situated at Baghddd on the

east bank of the Tigris. Arriving here on a Wednesday afternoon, April 22, 1863, Baha’u’ll&h tarried twelve days on the first stage of His four month’s

journey to Constantinople. During these days, designated the Ridvan Festival, He declared His world Mission to His companions.

Na‘ mayn na...main Small island east of ‘Akka, cailed Ridvdn and “The New Jerusalem” and “Our Verdant Isle.” (GPB 193).

Namaz-khénih nam-Oz-con-eh Prayer house. N&miq Pash& nahm-ek-paw-shaw — Governor of Baghdéd in 1863.

Naqshbandfyy ih Order naksh-band-ee-y eh Powerful SGff Order founded A.D. 1319 by Pfr Muhammad. It has many adherents in India.

Narin, Fort of nawr-een Fort in Yazd (DB 470).

Nas iri'd-Din naw- sair-ed-deen “The helper of the Faith.” Notorious ruler of Persia A.D. 1848-1896 (born 1831). Mightiest potentate of Shf‘ah Isldm. Stigmatized by Bah@’u'llGh as “Prince of Oppressors.” (GPB 197).

Nas ot naw-soot Humanity. The “outward, phenomenal aspect (of Reality] from which the mystic ‘passes away’ in moments of ecstasy.” The “Divine aspect of humanity.”

Navvab navv-ob Highness; nabob.

Nawab, The navv-ob Saintly wife of Bah@’u’llah, whose children included the Master, the Most Exalted Leaf and the Purest Branch. She was entitled by Him the “Most Exalted Leaf” and His “perpetual consort in all the worlds of God.” (GPB 108).

Naw-R dz no-rooz New Day. Baha’? New Year’s Day, which falls on March 21st only if the vernal equinox precedes the sunset on that day. Should the vernal equinox take place after sunset, Naw-Réz is celebrated on the following day. Irénian tradition ascribes the Naw-Ruz to Jamshfd, pre-Deluge ruler in a golden age, who established the solar year. Although’ the Persians adopted the lunar calendar of Isldm, they never abandoned the celebration of Naw-Riz.

Nayrfz nay-reez Persian town southeast of Shfrdz.

Nisab ness-ob Fixed amount of property on which zakat--legal alms-or a tax is due.

Nfshdpér neesh-awe-poor Town in northeast Persia west of Mashhad.

38 [Page 39]Niyala

. . . 2 nee-awe-law Persian village near which Bah@’u’ll@h was stoned.

(DB 299; GPB 68).

. ge Niyavaran nee-awe-var-on Village in Shimirén.

Nizamf

Nudbih Nugtih Nugqtiy-i

Nugtiy-i

Nusayri

nez-awe-mee Poet of Ganja, (A.D. 1140-1202), author of the Panj

Ganj (Five Treasures).

nod-beh “Lamentation” by the Imam ‘AI?. knock-teh Point. -Ukhra knock-teh-yeh-okraw The Last Point; title given to QuddUs by Bahd’u’Il&h. -Ule knock-teh-yeh-oo-law The Bab--the Primal Point “from which have been generated all created things.” (GPB 4) He is also called His Holiness the Exalted Cne. no-sair-ee Syrian sect named after Nusayr, an adherent of ‘All,

which preaches the divinity of ‘Alf. For a long period this sect held that “woman was the incarnation of the evil spirit or satan, and that man alone was the manifestation of God....” (‘Abdu'l-Bahdé, Promulgation of Universal Peace, |, 71).

©

Occultation See Ghaybat; the whole period of the Hidden Im&m’s

Imdémate.

IP

Pahlavan pah-la-vawn Athlete.. Champion.

Péran

pa-Ron Mountain in Arabia. The wilderness of Pdrdn. is in Trans-Jordan. Bible references to Mt. Pdardn and the descendants of Ishmael refer to Muhammad and the Arabs. Deut. 18:18 refers to the Arabs and Muhammad (prophesying of brethren; had the prophecy designated Christianity the term would have been'seed). Deut. 33:2 refers respectively to the Mosaic, Christian, Islamic and Baha’? Dispensations.

Parst pawr-see “Fdrst” or Persian. Zoroastrian Persians who emigrated to India after the Arab Conquest. Pasha paw-shaw Honorary title formerly given to officers of high rank in Turkey. There were three classes of Pdshds, distinguished by one, two, or three horsetails borne on a standard. People of the Son Christians.

39 [Page 40]Persia, 19th century: administrative divisions and capitals:

Adhirbéyifn-Tabets

Khurésén & Sfst6n-Mashhad Tihrén & dependencies-T ihran Férs-Shiréz

IsfShan, dependencies-Isfahan

Kirmén & Persian Balichistén Kirmén

‘Arabistan-Shéshtar Gilén & Télish-Rasht

Maz indurencAwul Yazd, dependencies-Yazd

Persian Gulf Littoral &

Oz-air-buy-John core-aw-sawn;seess-tawn teh-Ron

farss

ess-fa-hawn

care-mawn ba-loo-chess-tawn

arab-ess-tawn gie-lawn & taw-lesh

maw-zen-da-Ron

rhymes with jazzed

Tab-reez Mash-had Teh-Ron

She-Roz

Ess-fa-hawn

Care-mawn

Shoe-sh-tar (gr as in Harry) Rash-t

Awmol

rhymes with jazzed

Islands-Béshihr Boo-sheh-r Pfshkish peesh-kesh Present, tip, douceur. Qédf caw-zee Judge.

Order of dervishes founded by ‘Abdu’l-Qédir-i-Gflanf 1077-1166 A.D. Descendant of ‘Alf, patron saint of the

Kurds, venerated among Indian Sunnis, called “Ghawth-i-A‘zam,” his influence extends to India

Qadirfyyih Order caw-dare-ee-yeh

and China. Qahru' Iiah Kah-rol-lah Name given by the Bab to a dervish from India. (DB 305). Qahviy-i-Aw ltyé kah-vay-yeh-oh- School attended by the Bab, Shfraz. lee-awe a’ im caw-’em He Who ariseth. The Bab. “When the Qa’im ariseth, that

day is the Day of Resurrection.” (Igén, 144).

Qa’ im-Maqam caw-’em-mack-awm Title, specifically of illustrious first minister strangled by Muhammad Sh&h Qéjdr. (PDC 68).

Turkoman tribe who usurped Persian throne and reigned 1795-192}. This Dynasty was founded by the atrocious eunuch Aqa Muhammad Khén. (PDC 67).

Qéjér caw-jar

40 [Page 41]Qalandar cal-an-dar Order of wandering dervishes often referred to in Persian (ar as in Harry) literature. Their origin is obscure.

Qalyan cal-yon Hubble-bubble pipe. Smoking-pipe which draws the smoke through water in an attached vase.

Qara-Guhar kara-go-har One of the two heavy chains by which Baha’u’llah was bound in the Black Pit of Tihran.

Qarén caw-roon This individual and the keys to his treasures are mentioned in Qur’én 28:76 etc. He is identified by the commentators with the Korah of the Scriptures. His riches are proverbial; forty mules (or elsewhere, three hundred) were reportedly required to carry the keys to his treasure chambers.

Qasidiy-i-Varga’tyyih cass-ee-day-yeh- “The Nightingale Ode,” reduced by Bah@’u’ll4h to 127 var-caw-ee-yeh verses and widely read among Arabic speaking Baha’fs. This Arabic ode was revealed by Bah4’u’lléh in the mountains of Kurdistén. (GPB 123).

Qawlavayh co-la-vay Qawth ivy ih co-see-yeh Sermon by the Imam ‘Alf. Qayy im guy-yoom Siyyid Kazim’s reference to Baha'u'llah, the promised

Husayn, the second of the twin Manifestations which he foretold as imminent. (DB 41).

Qayytm-i-Asmé also Qayyému' |-Asme guy-yoom-eh-a-smaw The B&b’s Commentary on the Strih of Joseph (Qur’én 12). It was regarded by the Babis as their Qur’4n. The first of its 111 chapters was revealed by the Bab on His Declaration night in the presence of Mull& Husayn. Tahirih translated it into Persian. The fundamental purpose of this Book--“ ‘The first, the greatest, and mightiest of all books’ in the Bab? Dispensation’’--was to forecast what Baha’u’ll&h would have to endure from His faithless brother. (GPB 23).

Qiblih keb-leh Point of Adoration; prayer-direction, toward which the

faithful turn in prayer. The Most Holy Tomb of Baha’u’Il@h at Bahjf is “the Heart and Qiblih of the Baha’? world.” (GPB 110, 277).

Qibliy-i-'Alam keb-lay-eh-awl-am Center of the universe; a title of the Shah.

Quddés kod-dooss Last of the 18 Letters of the Living, second only to the

Bab in rank, identified with one of the “Messengers charged with imposture” (Qur’én 36:13) and one of the two “Witnesses” of St. John the Divine. (GPB 49; SAQ 64, 65).

Qur'an core-on The Reading; That which ought to be read. The Book revealed by Muhammad, and called by Bah@’y'II@h the “unerring Book.” (G1. 221). It is said to have 55 special titles, including The Firm Handle, The Rope and The Bayén.

eo ee Qurban core-bawn Sacrifice.

2 . . : : Qurra core-raw Intoners. Those acquainted with the science of reading the Qur’an (‘ilmu’t-tajvfd).

4] [Page 42]Q urratu’l-‘Ayn

Raqsha

Rashh-i-‘Ama

Rasht

Rawdih-Khéni

Rayy

Ridvan

core-ra-tol-ain

rack-shaw

rash-heh-am-aw

r.w. cashed

rose-eh-con-ee

ray

reézz-von

Solace of the Eyes, a title given to Tahirih by her teacher, Siyyid K@zim. The term is used for a beloved object.

Jd

“She-Serpent.” The Imdm-Jum‘ih of IsféhGn was thus

stigmatized by Bahd’u’llah (SW 100).

Sprinkling from the Light Cloud, a poem revealed by Bah@’u'll&h in Tihran. ‘Ama symbolizes the First Invisible Substance. (See GPB 121).

Persian city near the Caspian seaport of Pahlavi.

Traditional lamentation for the Imam Husayn. Also jeremiad,

Rhages; ancient city near which Tihrdn is built.

1. Name given by Bah@’/s to the Najfbfyyih Garden at Baghdéd. 2. The Garden of Na‘mayn.

3. The “holiest and most significant of all Bahé’f festivals” commemorating Bah4’u’l|Gh’s Declaration of His Mission to His companions, 1863. A twelve-day period beginning on April 21st and celebrated annually.

Ridvénu'l-‘Ad]

Rik‘at

Risdliy-i-F urd<i ‘Adlfyyih Riz-Ab

Réhu'lléh

Rukn

Roz-bih

Sabzih-Maydan

Séd

rezz-von-ol-adl

wreck-at

ress-awe-lay-eh-foroo-eh-adl-ee-yeh

reez-ob

roo-hol-law

rockn

rooz- beh

sab-zeh-may-dawn

sot

2

Paradise of Justice: writing of Bahd’u’ll&h prophesying the advent of just kings. (PDC 75).

Prostration in prayer.

Arabic treatise revealed by the Bab. (GPB 24).

Persian village, DB 364.

The Spirit of God, i.e., Jesus. He is also called The Son.

Angle in which is set the Black Stone of the Ka‘bih.

Later named Salman; the Herald of Muhammad.

S

Market place.

$s”; this letter stands for IsfahGn.

42 [Page 43]Séd of Samad

Sa‘dé

Sadiq

Sadiq-i-Tabrizf

Sadratu’l-Muntaha

sot of sam-ad

sa...dee

saw-deck

saw-deck-eh-tabree-zee

sad-ra-tolmonta-haw

Commentary by Quddés, written in part at Tabarsf, and eulogizing Baha’u’ll@h. It is six times longer than the

Qur’én. {GPB 40; 69).

1184-1291 A.D. One of Persia’s pre-eminent writers and teachers; author of the Gulistdén (Rose Garden).

Man's name. The sixth Imam of Shf‘ah Islém (A.D. 699765) Ja‘far-i-Sddiq (i.e., the Veridical), scholar, man of letters and jurisconsult.

Half-crazed youth who made an attempt on the life of

Nasiri’d-Dfn Shah, Aug. 15, 1852.

The Divine Lote Tree; the Tree beyond which there is no passing (i.e., the Manifestation of God). A title of

Bah@’u'llah (GPB 94). The Lote-tree of the extremity (Qur’Gn 53:8-18). The Sidrah-tree which marks the boundary. The zizyphus jujuba. Tree seen by Muhammad in the 7th firmament during

the mi‘raj.

Sadru'd-Dawlih Sadru "J-‘Ulama Safavi?

Sattniy-i-Hamré

Sah ibu'z-Zaman

Sahifiy-i-baynu’|Haramayn

Sahifiy-i-Shattiyy ih

Sa‘fdu'l-‘Ulamé

St. Sophia

sad-rod-doe-leh

sad-rol-ola-maw

saff-a-vee saff-ee-nay-yeh ham-raw

saw-heb-oz-za-mawn

sa-hee-fay-eh-bainol-ha-ram-ain

sa-hee-fay-eh-shatee-yeh

sa-ee-dol-olam-aw

Demoted by the Shah for failing to defeat the Babfs at Zanjan.

Cleric referred to by Bahd’u'll&h as Sad-i-Isfahanf.

(SW 86). Persian dynasty (1500-1736 A.D.)

Crimson Ark, ordained by God in the Qayydmu’l-Asma for the people of Bahé. (SW 139; WOB 84--“Ark of

Bahd’u'llah’s Covenant”).

The Lord of the Age. Title of the Promised One of Shf‘ah Isldm: the B&b. Preceded by Y& (0), the battle-cry of the Dawn-Breakers.

Book between the Two Sanctuaries; work revealed by the Bab between Mecca and Medina.

fi 3

Writing of Bah@’u’ll&h prior to His Declaration (‘Iréq).

Diabolical cleric who caused the martyrdom of Quddés. “\..the fanatical, the ferocious and shameless mujtahid of B4rfurésh.” (GPB 39, 42; 83).

In Istanbul, “The Second Firmament,” “The Vehicle of the Cherubim”--one-time cathedral built by Justinian

later the most famous of Muslim mosques, now a museum.

(as-) Sakhrah

sack-ra

The Rock. Sacred Rock at Jerusalem, revered by Jews, Christians and Muslims alike as the omphalos of the

world. The Dome of the Rock is in the sanctuary of the Aqsa Mosque.

43 [Page 44]Saléhi'd-Dfh Ayy Gbf sal-aw-head-deen- Saladin (1137-1193 A.D.) Sultan of Egypt and Syria |-you-bee 1174-93, conquered and drove out the Crusaders. The great Jewish philosopher Maimonides (Abé‘Imran Més@ b. Maymén of Cordova) was Saladin’s physician.

Salém sal-awm Peace; salutation. Muslim greeting; word used to end a thesis. Saldsil sal-aw-sell One of the two heavy chains by which Bah4’u’Il@h

was tormented in the Black Pit at Tihran. (SW 77).

Sélih sol-eh Prophet of God sent to the tribe of Thamid. Sale states that this Prophet lived between Héd and Abraham, and identifies him with Phaleg. (Prelim. Disc.) He identifies H6d (q.v.) with Heber.

Salman sal-mawn See R@z-bih. Persian believer who taught the Muslims trench warfare. First foreign Muslim permitted by the Prophet to say his prayers in his own tongue. The earliest Persian convert, and revered “Companion,” he is included by the Nugayrfs in their mystical Trinity denoted by the letters AMS (‘AIf, the Idea--Muhammad, the Name-- Salman, the Gate). (Browne, L. Hist. 1, 203).

Salsabfl sal-sa-beel Name of a river or fountain in Paradise. Qur’én: 76:18: “From the fount therein whose name is Sal sabil (the softly flowing).” Thus Rodwell. A.Y. ‘Ali gives the literal meaning as “Seek the Way.”

Sém Khén r.w. psalm-con Christian colonel of Armenian regiment ordered to execute the Béb. When his regiment’s seven hundred and fifty bullets did not touch the Bab, Sdm Khan refused to fire on the Manifestation of God again.

Samandar sa-man-da-r Phoenix.

Samirf saw-mare-ee Name in Qur’én 20:85 etc. of the man who tempted the Israelites to the sin of the golden calf.

Sana’? san-aw-ee Persia’s first great mystic poet, author of the Hadiqatu’lHaqfqat or “Garden of Truth.” (A, D. 1131). From Ghazna or Balkh. Persia’s other great mystic writers in the Mathnavi form are ‘Attar and Rémf; the lastnamed “humbly wrote: “Att&r was the Spirit, and Sana’? its two eyes; We come after Sana’f and

‘Attar.’ Sarah Wife and maternal aunt of Abraham. One of four pre-eminent women. (PUP II, 359). Sarkér-Agqé sa-r-car-awe-caw The Honorable Master. A title of ‘Abdu’l-Baha. Saséniydn dynasty saw-saw-nee-yawn Persian dynasty (226-651) reigning when Muhammad was born (570 A.D.). Satan, Island of Turkish name for Cyprus where Mirza Yahya was exiled. Sayyah sigh-Gh (or, si-yah) A disciple of the Bab (DB 432). [Page 45]Seal of the Prophets

Muhammad; Qur’an 33:40. Last Manifestation of the Prophetic Cycle, before the advent of the Day of God. (PDC 83).

According to a hadith Muhammad prophecied that His people would be divided into 73 sects, one being true.

(There are, however, many more Muslim sects). The Children of Israel were also divided into

The Two-and-Seventy jarring Sects confute....’’

King, especially of Persia.

Sects

72 sects. Cf. ‘Umar Khayyam: “The Grape that can with Logic absolute Sh&h shaw Shé&hanshéh shaw-han-shaw

Sh&h-‘Abbas the Great shaw-hab-boss

Shah‘ Abdu Azim shaw -habd-ol-azeem

King of Kings (contraction of Shah&n-sh@h which by inversion is shGh-i-shah@n).

Safavf monarch (1557- 1628); ruled Persia from 1586.

Muslim town and Shrine 5 or 6 miles south of Tihran. Long a “bast” where the largely-criminal population

was safe from arrest, although the area of protection dwindled inversely with the enormity of the crime; a murderer, for instance, could not leave the mosque courtyard, while debtors could roam

at will. (Cf. Browne’s A Year Amongst the Persians). The Shrine has a great golden dome. Shéh-Bahrém shaw-ba-hrawm World Savior and Promised One of the Zoroastrians. Fulfilled by Bahé’u’Il&h. Sh6h-Chiraégh shaw-chair-og Site where the Bab’s wife is buried, in Shiraz. Shéh-Rid shaw-rood Persian town located northeast of Tihrdn. Sh&h Tahmasp | shaw-ta-masp Sh&h who, in the 16th century A.D., made Qazvin his (r.w. wasp) capital. The city is said to have been founded in the

Ath century by the Sésénfy4n king Shahpor Il. (PDC 98).

Sh&h-ZGdih shaw-zaw-deh Shahr-Béné sha-hr-baw-noo Shams-i-Tabrfz shamss-eh-tab-reez Shams? Big shamssee-beg

Prince.

Daughter of Yazdigird III, the last S&sdnfy4n king. Consort of Husayn. Mother of the Fourth Imam.

Rimf’s spiritual director, a comparatively illiterate but powerful mystic, killed at Qonya in a riot, A.D. 1246.

Official instructed by Bahd’u’ll&h to deliver His Tablet to Turkey’s Grand Vizier. Bah@’u’ll&h and His

family were entertained at Shams? Big’s house on first reaching Constantinople. (GPB 157; 160 ).

Shar‘ shar (ar as in Harry) Sharh-i-Qas diy-i- shar-heh-cass-eeLémiyy ih day-y eh-lahm-eeyeh

In Persia, Muslim religious law, based on Islémic Scriptures, administered by ecclesiastical tribunals. (DB liv-lv).

Writing by Siyyid Kazim alluding to the name “Bahd.” (G1. 97).

45 [Page 46]Shari*ah, Shari‘at

shar-ee-yeh shar-ee-yat

(each ar as in Harry)

Muslim canonical law. The Law, the Path and the Truth are Séfi’ terms concerning the journey of the soul toward God. A saying attributed to Muhammad is:

“The Law is My words, the Path is My works, and the Truth is My inward state.” (SV 40).

Shaykh

Shaykh ‘Abdu 'r-Rahman

Shaykh ‘Abid

Shaykh Ahmad-i-Ahsd‘i

Shaykh ‘Aliy-i-Miri

Shaykh Hasan-i-Zunozi

shake

shake-abd-or-ra-hmawn

shake-awe-bed

shake-ah-mad-eh ah-saw-ee (each ah as a in at)

shake-al-lee-yehmee-ree

shake-hass-an-ehZO-nooz-ee

Venerable old man; man of authority; elder, chief, professor, superior of a dervish order, etc.

Leader of Qédirfyyih Order, who had at least 100,000 followers. In reply to his queries, Bah@’u’ll&h revealed

the Four Valleys. (GPB 122).

Tutor at school where the Bab remained five years.

(DB 75).

The first of the “twin resplendent lights” who heralded the B&b and Baha'u'llah. Born 1753, died near Medina at the age of 81. (GPB 92; DB 42).

Muft? of ‘Akké and Baha’f convert. Believer whom the Bab sent to Karbil@ “inasmuch as you

are destined to behold, with your own eyes, the beauteous countenance of the Promised Husayn.” A prophecy

fulfilled October 5, 1851, when he first saw Bah@’u'llah. (DB 31-32).

Shaykh Isma‘7l

Shaykh Muhammad-Baqir

Shaykh Muhammad-Taqiy-i-Najaff

Shaykh Muhyi'd-Dén Shaykh Murtaday-i Aa Ansari

Shaykh Tabars?

shake-ess-maw-ell

shake moham-madbaw-care

shak e-moham-madtack-ee-yeh-najaff-ee

shake-moh-y eh-deen

shake-morta-zaw-yeh an-saw-ree

shake-tab-ar (as in Harry) - see

Leader of Khélidfyyih Order, who requested Baha’u’llé&h to reside at his seminary in Sulaymantyyih.

The “Wolf,” to whom Baha'u'llah addressed His “Tablet of the Proof” and to whom He referred as “the last trace of sunlight upon the mountain-top.” (GPB 232).

The Son of the Wolf, to whom the celebrated Epistle was addressed by Baha’u’ll&h.

The “Seven Valleys” was revealed in answer to the questions of this Qadf.

Leading mujtahid extolled by Bah@’u’Il&h in the Lawh-iSultén. (GPB 143).

Shrine, turned into a fort, where 313 Babis, a “handful of untrained and frail-bodied students,” withstood the besieg ing armies of Persia from Oct. 12, 1848 to May 9, 1849

(DB 345, 399). Never surrendering, the survivors were brought out of the Fort only when the enemy commander swore a false oath of peace on the Qur’dn.

Shay kh ‘Uthman

shake-oss-mawn

Leader of Naqshbandfyyih Order, to which the Sultén of Turkey and his entourage belonged. (GPB 122).

46 [Page 47]Shay khf shay-kee School founded by Shaykh-Ahmad-i-Ahs4’f: Among his

= doctrines, in addition to the imminent dual Advent, were that the Prophet Muhammad's material body did not ascend on the night of the Mi‘rdj; that the Imams were creative forces (a belief based on Qur’Gn 23:14: “God, the Best of Creators”); that ‘Alf should be particularly venerated.

Shay khu'l-Is lam shake-ol-ess-lahm Muhammadan high-priest; title of highest degree in Muslim religion. Head of religious court, and appointed to every large city by the Shah.

Shi‘ih (also Sh‘ite) r.w. she-eh Party (of ‘Alf). Partisan of ‘Alf and of his descendants as the sole lawful “Vicars of the Prophet.” The Shi‘ahs reject the first three Caliphs, believing that the successorship in |Isl4m belonged rightfully to ‘Alf (first Im@m and fourth Caliph) and to his descendants by divine right. Originally, the successorship was the vital point of difference, and Isldm was divided because Muhammad’s (albeit verbal) appointment of ‘Alf was disregarded.

Shibavayh (also sheba-vay Illustrious Persian grammarian of the Basrah school, Sfbavayh) died A.D. 793. His grammar is titled “The Book of Sfbavayh.” Shikastih sheh-cass-teh “Broken” or cursive script said to have been invented

by the Safavi governor of Herat, Murtadd Qulf-Khén Shamld. Derived from Nasta‘l’q script, invented by Mir ‘Al? Tabrizé, scribe of the 7th century A.H.

ae . 1? ‘ Shimitan shem-ee-rahn Hill villages 6 miles or more north of Tihran, serving as summer resorts. (Usually pronounced Shem-rahn).

Shimr shemr Yazfd’s General, who slew the Imam Husayn. Shimr is a prototype of cruelty and brutality.

Shin sheen This letter (‘sh’) stands for Shiraz.

Shit-Géh sheer-gaw Persian village connected with the Mazindaran upheaval. (DB 362).

Shitdz sheer-Oz City in South Persia where the Bab declared His

Mission, May 22, 1844.

Shoghi Effendi Rabbani Guardian of the Baha’f Faith; ‘Abdu’l-Bah@’s eldest grandson, the Chosen Branch appointed in His

Will and Testament as “Guardian of the Cause of God,” authorized interpreter of the Teachings and permanent Head of the Universal House of Justice. “He is the expounder of the words of God and after him will succeed the first born of his lineal descendants.” The word shawg signifies “yearning;” effendi is a Turkish honorific signifying “sir, master,” and applied to officials and scholars, etc. in some parts of the Middle East. The Guardian resided at the World Center of the Faith, Haifa, Israel, until he passed away in 1957.

Shuhadéy-i-Khamsih sho-had-aw-y eh- A group of five believers who were among those martyred cam-seh during ‘Abdu’l-Baha’s ministry. Sfghih seeg-eh Legalized concubinage or temporary marriage which may

be contracted in Shi‘ah Isl4m for varying lengths of time.

47 [Page 48]Simurgh see-morg “Thirty Birds,” a mythical bird dwelling in the emerald mountains of Qaf which according to ancient Arabian cosmography encircled the world.

Sird seh-rawt Impassable to sinners, symbolic bridge over which the believer must pass to heaven. In Islamic tradition it is finer than a hair, sharper than the edge of a sword. Paradise lies beyond it, hell stretches be neath. It is referred to in PDC 88. (Bridge). Lit., Path.

Sirru'llah sair-rol-Ih “The Mystery of God,” a title conferred by Baha’u’ll¢h on ‘Abdu’l-Bah@, the only son of Bahé’u’ll&h accorded by Him the privilege of being called “the Master.” (GPB 242).

Sfyah-Chél see-yGh-chol ; Black Pit in the slums of Tihran, where (in August, 1852) Bahd’u'IlGh was chained in the darkness three

flights of stairs underground, with some 150 thieves and assassins. Here He received the intimations of His world Mission. Holiest place in Persia’s capital. (DB 599; BN June 1954).

SiyGh-Dihan see-yah-deh-hawn Village near Qazvin, Persia.

Siyyid say-yed Descendant of the Prophet Muhammad. The word means lord, chief, prince. Lord Curzon says of them in his Persia and the Persian Question, “an intolerable nuisance to the country, deducing from their alleged descent and from the prerogative of the green turban, the right to an independence and insolence of bearing from which their countrymen, no less than foreigners, are made to suffer.” (DB xlvi). Contrast noble Siyyids “of a pure lineage.”

Siyy id-i-B&b say-yed-eh-Bob Name by which the Persian people referred to the Bab.

Siyy id Husayn say-yed-ho-sane “The Bab’s trusted amanuensis and chosen repository

of His last wishes.” (GPB 90).

Siyy id-i-Dhikr say-yed-eh-zeckr Designation of the Bab. The meaning of dhikr include mention, remembrance, and praise. Siyy id Ibrahim say-yed-eb-raw-heem Believer praised by the Bab as “My Friend,” etc., and denounced by Mirza Yahyé. (SW 176). Siyyid Ism@ {\-i-Zavéri'? — say-yed-ess-maw- Immortal follower of Baha’u’ll&h, formerly a noted divine, eel-eh-za-vaw- who offered up his life as a sacrifice. (SW 75; GPB reh-ee 130; 136). Siyyid Kazim-i-Rashti say-yed-caw-zem- The second of the “twin resplendent lights” who heralded eh-rash-tee the B&b and Baha'u’IlGh. Died at Karbilé, Dec. 31, 1843. (DB 44). Siyy id Muhammad say-yed-moham-mad The Anti-Christ of the Bah@’f Revelation (GPB 164). Also called the Siyyid of Isfahén. Siyy id Murtade say-yed-mort-az-awe One of the Seven Martyrs of Tihran. Siyy id of Findirisk say-yed fend-air-esk Abu’l-Qésim, poet and metaphysician of Isf€h&n (middle

Safavi period.) Mulla Sadra was his pupil.

48 [Page 49]Siyyid Sadiq-i- say-yed-saw-deck- Mujtahid denounced by Baha’u'llah as “the Liar of Tabataba'7 eh-tab-aw-tab-aw-ee Tihran.” He authored the decree condemning every Persian male Bah&@’f to death, and every Baha’? woman

to deportation. S&diq means truthful. (GPB 232).

Siyy id Yahy@y-i-Darab/ say-yed-ya-h-yaw- See Vahfd, yeh-daw-raw-bee

Subh-i-Azal sob-heh-az-Al Morning of Eternity (Mirz Yahy4). Bahé’u'll&h cites Amos 4:12-13, “He...that maketh the morning darkness” with reference to him (SW 146): See GPB 90; 113; 114; 115).

Sublime Porte Formerly, the Ottoman court. Government of the Turkish Empire from the gate (porte) of the Sultén’s palace where justice was anciently administered.

Saf soof Wool; the practice of wearing the woollen robe, i.e. garb of Muslim mystic, is one definition of Séfism.

Sat? soo-fee This word, probably derived from the Arabic for wool, denotes the mystics in Islam. Divided into innumerable

sects, differing in customs, dress, observances, their common goal is to rejoin the Godhead from which all things emanate, through ecstasy (vajd) and contemplation. Life to them is a journey (safar) having various stages (manazil); the soul is an exile, a traveller going homeward, seeking reunion (vasl) with God, and thus achieving nothingness--(fan@)--“total absorption into the Deity, extinction.” Bahda’u’llah teaches: “By self-surrender and perpetual union with God is meant that men should merge their will wholly in the Will of God, and regard their desires as utter nothingness beside His purpose.” (G1. 337). ‘Ishq, love (of God) has been termed “the one distinguishing feature of SGfi mysticism.” Cf. Hughes, Dict. of Is.

Soff literature Written in its special terminology, this literature assigns spiritual meanings to a long list of words such as wine, love, the cypress, the letter alif, the Ka‘bih, etc.

Sulaymaniyyih sol-ay-mawn-ee-yeh Town in Northeast ‘Iraq; Bah@’u’lléh tived in retirement two years in Kurdistan, first on an isolated mountain named Sar-Gald, later in the town of Sulaymanfyyih at a theological seminary. (April 10, 1854March 19, 1856).

Sultanu'’sh-Shuhadé sol-tawn-osh-sho- King of Martyrs, eminent IsfGh4nf who, together with his had-aw brother the Beloved of Martyrs, was put to death by Mfr Muhammad-Husayn (who denounced them as B&bfs to escape repaying the large debt he owed them) Shaykh Muhammad-Béqir and the Zillu’s-Sultan.

Sunni (also Sunnite) sonn-nee. From Sunna (the Way or Practice of the Prophet, as reported in the hadfth). By far the largest sect of Isldm, this includes the four so-called orthodox sects: Hanbalites, Hanafites, Malikites, Shafiites. These four principle schools of Muslim jurisprudence are founded to a considerable extent on the Sunna. Sunnites regard the first Caliphs as legitimate successors of Muhammad and accept the “six authentic” books of tradition. They believe the Caliph must be elected and must be a member of the Quraysh--the Prophet's tribe.

49 [Page 50]Sératu’ |-Haykal, also sue-ra-tol -hay-cal Sérih of the Temple, by Bahé’u'll@h; with the most imSériy-i-Haykal portant of His Tablets to sovereigns of the earth, its Author ordered this Tablet to be written in the shape

of a pentacle, symbolizing the temple of man and identified by Him as the “Temple” mentioned by Zechariah. (GPB 212; PUP 427; PDC 47).

SGrih sue-reh A row or series; term used by Muslims for the chapters of the Qur’én.

Sériy-i-Amr sue-ray-eh-amr Tablet of Bahd’u’llGh unmistakably affirming His Mission, and formally read aloud to Mirzé@ Yahya. (GPB 166). (Adrianople).

Soriy-i-A shéb sue-ray-eh-as-hob Sérih of the Companions, by Bah4’u'lIGh (Adrianople). Sériy-i-Damm sue-ray-eh-damm Sérih of Blood by Baha’u’Il&h (Adrianople). Sériy-i-Ghusn sue-ray-eh-gossn Tablet of the Branch, by Bah@’u’llGh, in which He

writes of ‘Abdu’l-Bahd, “There hath branched from the Sadratu’Il-Muntahé this sacred and glorious Being, this Branch of Holiness....” (WOB 135). (Adrianople).

Soriy-i-Hajj sue-ray-eh-haj Sérih of the Pilgrimage, by Baha’u’ll&h (Adrianople). Sériy-i-Mulék sue-ray-eh-mo-luke Sérih of Kings; “the most momentous Tablet revealed

by Bahé’u’ll&h’(GPB 171). (Adrianople).

Sériy-i-Ra’ is sue-ray-eh-ra-eess SGrih of the Chief; addressed to ‘Alf Pashé, Grand Vizier of Turkey, by Bah@’u’ll&h. From the moment it was revealed, He writes, “until the present day, neither hath the world been tranquillized, nor have the hearts of its peoples been at rest....” (WOB 194). Revealed August, 1868, at K&shénih near Gallipoli; completed soon after at Gyawur-Kyuy. (GPB 172, 174, 180).

Sériy-i-Sabr sue-ray-eh-sabr Sérih of Patience, revealed by Bah@’u’ll&h and extolling the sufferers of Nayrfz. (‘Iraq).

Striy-i-Tawhid sue-ray-eh-tow-heed Strih of the Declaration of the Oneness of God, writing of the Bab, referred to in SW 41.

Surra-man-Ra’é sue-ra-man-ra-awe Samarra; city in ‘Iraq whose name means Gladdened is he who hath beheld it--where, Shfahs hold, the 12th Imam disappeared in an underground passage in A.H. 329.

wv

Ta taw Letter “T”, standing for Tihran.

Tabarsi See Shaykh Tabars*.

Tablet of the Holy Mariner Sad prophecies revealed by Bah4’u’IIGh, Naw-Réz 1863 (‘Ir&q).

50 [Page 51]Tabrtz

Taff Tafsfr-i-Hé

Taghot

Tahirih

tab-reez

r.w. raff

taf-seer-eh-hoo

taw-goot

taw-hair-eh

City in Northwest Persia, where the B&b was martyred July 9, 1850.

Stands for the lands about Karbild,

Writing of Baha’u’ll@h (‘Iraq).

An idol mentioned in Qur’an 2:257, etc. Also the devil. Stigma wrongfully applied by Mfrzé Yahy@ to the dis tinguished Dayyén, whom he caused to be murdered.

“The Pure One,” so named by the “Tongue of Glory,” noblest of her sex in, and outstanding heroine of, the

Babi Dispensation; only woman among the Letters of the Living, and the first woman suffrage

martyr. Born Qazvin, 1817-1818, put to death Tihrén, August, 1852. (GPB 7, 33, 75; DB 628).

Tajallé, pl. Tajallfyét

Tékur

Takyih

Takyiy-i-Maw lana Khalid

Takyiy-i-Mawlavf

Tagtyy ih

4 Tarazat

Tarbfyat

Tarfqat Ta‘ziyih

Thabit

Thaméd

tawj

ta-jal-lee-yawt

taw-core

tack-yeh

tack-yeh-yeh-molawn-aw-caw-led

tack-yeh-yeh-mo-lavee

tack-ee-yeh

tar-Oz-ought (ar as in Harry)

tar-bee-yat (ar as in Harry)

tar-ee-kat (ar as in Harry)

ta...zee-yeh

saw-bet

sa-mood

Tall felt headdress adopted by Bah@’u’IIGh in 1863, on the day of His departure from His Most Holy House. Crown. (GPB 152).

Effulgence(s), Tablet of Bahé’u’llh (Holy Land). Village in the district of Nor, Mazindarén, where the stately ancestral home of Mirzé Buzurg and Baha’u’Il&h was located.

Monastery or religious establishment. Religious theatre.

Theological seminary “of our Master, Khélid,” in a room of which Bah@’u’ll&h resided in Sulaymanfyyih.

Seminary of the Mawlavi dervishes.

Lip-denial of one’s faith, sanctioned by Shah Islam in times of peril.

Ornaments. Tablet of Baha’u’llah(Holy Land)

Training. Name of two Bah4’f Schools in Tihran for boys and girls respectively.

Path of mystic wayfarer. Way. Consolation. Muslim passion play.

Steadfast. Name given to Thornton Chase, “the first American believer” (converted 1894), by ‘Abdu'l-Bahd. (GPB 257).

Ancient Arabian tribe, the “successors...of the ‘Kdites” Qur'an 7:74). They moved from the country of the

4 ‘Adites to al-Hijr where they lived in habitations cut in the rocks. (Qur’an 15:80). This people hamstrung the she-camel miraculously produced as a sign of His mission by their Prophet, Sélih, and were destroyed by a “terrible noise from heaven.” (Qur’én 54:31).

SI [Page 52]Tihran teh-Ron Birthplace of Baha'u'llah; capital of Persia since 1788. , The city came into existence about 700 years ago, north of the site of ancient Rhages (Rayy).

Tullab toll-lob Pupils. ‘Odi Kha mmar oo-dee-cam-mawr In ‘Oat Khammar’s house, Baha'u'llah revealed the

KitGb-i-Aqdas, ca. 1873. (GPB 213). He was also the owner of the palace of Bahjf. (GPB 193).

‘Ulama o-lam-awe Plural of one who knows (all-em), learned; a scholar. Denotes bodies of doctors learned in Muhammadan divinity and law-headed by a Shaykhu’I-Islam—who by their decisions regulate Muslim life.

‘Umar omor (ar as in The second caliph. Harry ) Umm-i-Ashraf omm-eh-ash-raff Mother of Ashraf, whom she gave birth to while under

siege in the Fort of ‘Alf-Mardan Khén. Years afterward when the unbelievers decided to kill Siyyid Ashraf they called her in to urge him to recant; instead she admonished him to die for the Faith. He was martyred in Zanjan. (DB 562; G1. 135;

GPB 199). ‘Ummél-i-dhakat om-moll-eh-za-caught Almsgivers. Ummu'l-Kitab om-mull-ket-ob The Mother of the Book. “The heavenly original of the

Scriptures revealed to the prophets, inscribed on the ‘Preserved Tablet’....” Cf. Qur’4n 13:39: “With Him (God) is the Mother of the Book.” Also Qur’4n 3:5 and 85:21. The Mother Book is “also the Book of Divine Knowlege and Foreordainment.” (Nicholson, R.A., Commentary on the Mathnawi, |, 32). The word “umm”--mother-means source, basis, chief part. Mother Book is also defined as “the original copy of the Book with Allah inheaven, from which the revelations of the Qur’Gn come....” (Sh. Enc. of Is.) It is the archetypal Book, Qur’an 43:3; the source of Revelation, Qur’an 13:39.

‘Urf or ff In Persia, the common law; supposedly based on oral tradition, precedent, custom, it is administered by civil magistrates--kad-khudé (headman), déréghih (police magistrate), etc. (DB Ivi).

Urémiyy ih or-room-ee-yeh Town in Northwest Persia, now Rida’fyyih. ‘Urvatu'l-Vuthqa or-vat-ol-voss-caw The “Sure Handle” * ‘mentioned from the foundation of

the world in the Books, the Tablets and the Scriptures of old is naught else but the Covenant and the Testament [pf Bahda’u’llGh] ’” ‘Abdu’I-Baha (quoted in GPB 238).

Osh fdar-Méh o0-she-dar-m@h Promised One referred to in Zoroastrian Scriptures and (ar as in Harry) fulfilled by the Bab (GPB 58).

Uthman oss-mawn The third caliph. The word Ottoman derives from ‘Uth

man. The Ottoman Empire is the Turkish empire which attained its maximum power under Sulayman ||, 1520-1566.

52 [Page 53]V

Vahid vaw-head 1. A “unity” or section of the Bayan. The Persian Bay & consists of nine Vahids of nineteen chapters each, except the last, which has only ten chapters. 2. The 18 Letters of the Living, (constituting the B&b’s first disciples) and the Bab Himself. 3. Each cycle of 19 years in the Badf calendar. The word, signifying unity, symbolizes the unity of God. The numerical values of the letters

of this word total 19. (GPB 25, 29; SW 153).

Vahid va-heed The Shah’s erudite emissary, sent to interrogate the Bab,

converted by Him and martyred at Nayrfz. The most learned and influential of the B&b’s followers. (WOB 62).

Vakilu'd-Daw Ith va-keel-od-doe-leh See Haj? Mirzé Muhammad-Taaf,

Va'l-‘Asr val-as sr Sérih 103 of the Qur’an, translated by Rodwell “The Declining Day,” on which the Bab revealed a commentary.

Val? vaw-lee Governor,

Valf va-lee Guardian,

Vali-‘Ahd va-lee-ah-t Heir to the Throne of Persia,

Valiyy-i-Amru'Iléh va-lee-yeh-am-rol-IGh Guardian of the Cause of God.

Varaqiy-i-‘Ulyé var-ack-ay-yeh-ol-yaw The Most Exalted Leaf; title of the Navvab and also of

Bahfyy ih Khanum, the daughter of Bah4’u'Il&h.

Varga var-caw Dove. Surname given by Bah@’u’llGh to the renowned Bah&’f teacher and poet, Mirza ‘Alf-Muhammad. He was cut in pieces before the eyes of his 12 year old son, Réhu’'lléh, who, refusing to recant, was then

strangled. (GPB 296).

Vas-Kas voss-cass Persian village pictured in DB 364.

Vav vov Letter “v” or “U”, mentioned in the writings of Shaykh-Ahmad and interpreted by Baha’u’II&h. (Iraq), (GPB 140).

Vilayat vel-awe-yat Guardianship,

Vu'dzz vo-Qz Muslim preachers (sg. v@‘iz). Those who remind mankind

“of those punishments and rewards which soften the heart.”

Waqf wackf Priceless Muslim endowments, in Persia the landed property of the expected Imam.

53 [Page 54]yaw

yaw-seen

Letter “y” or “i?

The 36th sorih of the Qur’én, named from the disconnected letters at its opening, (y and s). Said to have

been termed by Muhammad “The Heart of the Qur’én,” this chapter is recited to the dying, at the tombs of saints, etc.

4

Ya

Y@ Baha’u'l-Abha

Y@ Rabbfya'l-Abhé

Yanb6‘'

Yathrib

Yazdigird Ill

yaw

yé-Ba-ha-ol-Ab-hé

Oh!

O Thou the Glory of Glories! Another form of the Greatest Name, Allah-u-Abha (All 4h-ho-Ab-hé) (PDC 14).

yaw-rab-bee-al-Ab-hé. “O my Lord, the All-Glorious!” Cry of a certain

yan-boo...

yass-reb

yaz-deh-gaird

martyr before he was beheaded. (GPB 178).

Collection of sacred traditions from the 6th Imam.

(Iqén, 243). Ancient name of Medina; cf. Qur’én 33:13.

The last king of the Sdsanfyén Dynasty, died ca. 651 A.D, Ancestor of Bah4’u’llGh. His daughter, B¢bf Shahrbénd, married Husayn and is known as “The Mother of Nine Iméms.”

Years, names of ina cycle of 19 years (see Vahid No. 3):

1. Alif 2. Ba’

3. Ab

4. Dal

5. Bab

6. Vav

7. Abad 8. Jéd

9. Baha 10, Hubb 11, Bahhaj 12, Javéb 13. Ahad 14, Vahhab

a-leff baw

r.w. cab doll

r.w. throb vovv a-bad

jod Ba-ha hub ba-hodge ja-vob a-had

va-hob

“an “Be

Father “p*

Gate

HV op “Ky” Eternity Generosity Splendor Love Delightful Answer Single

Bountiful

54 [Page 55]15. Vidéd 16. Bad?" 17. Baht

18. Abhé 19. Véhid

Young Turks

veh-dodd bad-ee Ba-hee Ab-hé

vaw-head

Affection Beginning Luminous Most Luminous

Unity

Party of Turks organized to effect radical political and social reforms. The “Young Turk” revolution, 1908,

forced the Sultdn to promulgate the constitution and to release, among others, all religious

prisoners, including ‘Abdu’l-Baha. (GPB 272.

Zahru'|-KGfih Zaktfyyih

Zamzam

Zanjan

Zaqqém

Zarrtn-T4j

Zawra’ Zaynu'IAbidfn Khén

Zaynu'lAbidin Khén, Fakhru'’d-Dawlih

Zillu'lI¢h

Zillu's-Sultan

zah-rol-koo-feh zack-ee-yeh

zam-zam

zan-John

zack-koom

zar-reen-tahj

ZO-raw

zane-ol-awe-bedeen-con

fack-rod-doe-leh

zell-ol-Iéh

zell-oss-sol -tawn

zee-awe-rat

Zz

Name designating Baghdéd in |slGmic traditions. Virtuous; one of TGhirih’s designations.

Sacred well within the precincts of the Great Mosque at Mecca. Though salty, its water is much esteemed for pious uses, such as ablutions, and drinking after a fast.

City in Northwest Persia.

Infernal tree referred to in Qur’dn 37:60, 44:43, etc. Thorny Arabian tree with bitter fruit.

Crown of Gold: one of Tdhirih’s designations.

Persian mountain as referred to in a prophetic tradi tion. Cf. {qén, 246.

Governor of Nayrfz in 1850.

One of the princes who paid tributes to Baha’u'IIlGh in Baghdéd.

Shadow of God; a title of the Shah.

Shadow of the King, eldest surviving son of Nasiri’dDin and virtual ruler of over two-fifths of Persia. Stigmatized by Bah@’u’llGh as “The Infernal Tree.” (GPB 232)

Visiting Tablet revealed by ‘Alf.

55 [Page 56]Zoroaster Prophet of ancient irén and ancestor of Bahé’u’Iléh. Probably died B.C. 583. ‘Abdu’l-Baha states that Zoroaster was one of the Prophets who arose after Moses (Persian Tablets, II, 76); that the “men of Rass” in Qur’Gn 25:40 and 50:12 refers to the men of the Araxes River, and that many Prophets of high rank were among these, including Mah-Abéd and Zoroaster.

56