Bahá’í World/Volume 11/Transliteration of Oriental Words frequently used in Bahá’í Literature
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IH
TRANSLPTERATION OF ORIENTAL WORDS FREQUENTLY USED IN BAHA'I
‘Abé
Abédih ‘Abbés ‘Abdu’l-Bahá ‘Abdu’l—Hamid ‘Abdu’l-Husayn ‘Abdu’lláh Abhá
Abu ’l-F adl ‘Adasiyyih Acfllén Acflfirbéyj én Afnán Agllsén
‘Ahd
Ahmad Ahsé’i
Ahvéz
Akbar
‘Akká
‘Alé ’
‘Ali ‘Ali-Muhammad Alláh—u-Abhá Alváḥ Alváḥ-i'Salétin Amin
Amir Amir-Nizém Amru’lláh Amul
Anzali
Aqé
Aqdas ‘Arabistén Asmá’ ‘Avésifiq Ayédi
Azal
‘Azamat ‘Aziz
Báb
Bábi Bábu’l—Báb Bagbdéd Bahá Bahá’í Bahá’u’lláh Bahíyyih Bahjí Balfiglistén Bandar-‘Abbés Béqir Baqiyyatu’lláh Bérfurlish Bagrih Bétfim Bayén
Bayt
Big
Birj and Bishérét Bismi’lláh Bulgxéré Burfij ird Bashihr Bushrt’1’i BushrL’1yih
Cllihriq
Dalé’il—i—Sab‘ih Dérfigbih Dawlat-Abéd mabih Duzdéb
Faré’id
Férén Farmén Farrés_1_1—Bés_bi Férs
Farsalsb Fath-’A1i Firdaws Firdawsi
Ganji Gilén Gul Gulastén Gurgin
Habib
Hadim
Hadrat
Hájí
Hájí Mirzá Áqásí Héjj
Hamadén Hasan Haydar-‘Ali Haykal Ḥaẓíratu’l-Quds Hijéz Himmat-Abéd Hujjat
Husayn Huvaydar
Ibréhim
fl
‘Ilm
Imém Imém-Jum‘ih Imém-Zédih iqén
frén
‘Iráq
‘Iráqi ‘Iráq-i-‘Aj am Isféhén ‘Ishqábád
644
IJTERATURE
Ishráqát Isiltihérd Islém Islamic Ismé‘iliyyih Istarébéd ‘Izzat
J alél
J amédiyu’l—Avval J amél
J amél—i—Mubérak J am él—i—Qidam
J ésb
J ubbih
Kaaba Ka‘bih Kad-ngudé Kalantar Kalim Kalimét Kamél Karand Karbilá Késhén Kas_l_1kú1 Kawmu’s—Sa‘éyidih Kawthar Káẓim Káẓimayn Igallgmél Ifllén Igléniqayn Iglayli lgn’lb Iglxurésén Iflluy Kirmén Kirménshéh Kitáb-i-‘Ahd Kitáb-i-Aqdas
[Page 645]
TRANSLITERATION
Kitáb-i-Asmá’ Kitáb-i-Badi‘ Kitáb-i-fqén Kuléh Kurdistén
Léhij én Lér Lawh Luristén
Madrisih Mahbfibu’sll-Sjuhadé ’ Mahd-i-‘Ulyé Méh—Kfi Mahmfid Maléyir Man-Yuzhiruhu’lláh Maqém Marégllih Marhabé
Marv
Masé’il Masllhad Maslliyyat Mashriqu’l-Adhkár Marjid
Maydén Mézindarén Mihdi
Mihréb
Milén
Mi ’réj
Mirzá Misixkin-Qalam Mu’acfiuihin Mufti Muhammad Muhammad-’Ali Muhamma rih Muharram Muj’cahid
Mulk
Mullá
Munirih Mustafé Mustagbéth Muzaffari’d-Din
Nabil Nabil-i—A’zam Naj af
Na j af—Abéd Néqidin Nasir Né$ir’i’-Din Navvéb NaW-Rfiz Nayriz Nishébfir Nuqtih
Nfir
Pahlavi Pérén
Qédi Qédiyén Qahqahih
Qé ’im
Qéj ér Qalyén Qamsar Qa$r-i-Shirin Qawl Qayyfim Qayylimu’l-Asmá’ Qazvin Qiblih Qfic_hén Quddfis Qudrat
Qurn
Qur’ én Qurbén Qurratu’l—‘Ayn
OF ORIENTAL
Rafsinj én Rahim Rahmén Rahmat Ra’is Ramadan Rasllt Rawhéni Riḍván Rfihu’lláh
Sabzivér Sadratu’l-Muntahé Séhibu’z-Zamén Sahifatu’l-Ḥaramayn Sa’id
Salsibil Samarqand Sangsar
Séri
Sha’bén
Shéh
Shahid Shahmirzéd Shéhmid
Sharaf
Shari‘ah Shay1£1 Shay1_<b—Tabarsi Shay1§1u’1—Islém Shi‘ih
Shiites
shiréz
Shusi1tar Simnén
Sisén
Sistén Siyéh-Chél Siyyid
Sfifi
Sulaymén Sultan Sultén—Abéd
W O R D S 645 Sultanate Sulténu’sjg-Sjuhadé’ Sunni
Sunnites Sfiratu’l—Haykal Sl’n‘ih
Sfiriy-i-Damm Sfiriy-i-(fllusn Sfiriy—i-Ra’is Sfiriy-i-Sabr
Tabríz Táhirih Ta j alliyét Tékur Taqi Tarézét Tarbiyat Táshkand Tawhid Lhurayyé Ṭihrán Tfimén 'I‘urkistén
’Ulamé Urfimiyyih ‘Uthmén
Vahid Vali Vali-‘Ahd Varqé Vazir
Yé'Bahá’u’l-Abhá Yaḥyá Yazd
Zanj én
Zarand Zaynu‘l—Muqarrabin
[Page 646]
646
THE Bahá’í WORLD
GUIDE TO TRANSLITERATION AND PRONUNCIATION OF THE PERSIAN ALPHABET
' o~<~ a t ....kl‘ w lbl‘s " ...-k U ....b ....d f . ..d ‘ ....g . > . ' i ‘ .....l v” ..... p > .4le .. .g .: . ‘9 .. .m 9 Ian I ) n or £ 1 -~? 0 . ~ .Iun \L’J . All .....2 a .. .‘ u E ' J...) h . h J ”“v vac, .2__ i ....L 9 ..... h 0. Q i o . .2!) a .....S d .....f 6 ..... y 00 2 .....h L)” ....sh ‘ 5 , ..q .5. . .. ’ a...asin i...as(e)in u...as(o)in aw...asin account best short mown é...asin i..as(ee)in [1...as(oo)in arm meet moon
The “i” added to the name of a town signifies “belonging to.” Thus Shirézi
means native of Shiréz.
NOTES ON THE PRONUNCIATION OF PERSIAN WORDS
The emphasis in Persian words is more or less evenly distributed, each syllable being equally stressed as in French. For example, do not say Tabríz or Tabarsi; stay as long on one syllable as on the next; Tabríz; Tabarsi. (While there are many exceptions to this rule, it is the most generally correct method of treating the question of stress).
A frequent mistake is the failure to distinguish between broad and flat
H)
as.” This differentiation makes the language especially musical and should be observed: in the word Afnán, for example, pronounce the first “a” as in mat, and the second syllable to rhyme with on. Americans are apt to pronounce short “a” plus “r” like the verb form are; this is a mistake; “ar” should be pronounced as in the name of Harry—cf. Tarbiyat.
The same differentiation should be observed in the case of long and short
[Page 647]
TRANSLITERATION
OF ORIENTAL
WORDS 647
Dome of Ḥaẓíratu’l-Quds, Tihran, Persia—Completed 1947.
“i” and long and short “u.” As the guide to the transliteration indicates, short “1” is like “e” in best, and long “'1'” like “ee” in meet; for example, Ibrahim is pronounced Eb-raheem; Islam is Ess-lahm. Short “u” being like “0” in short, and long “U." being like “00” in moon, the following would be pronounced: QuddL'ls—Qod-dooss; Bar furfisii—Bar—fo-roosh.
Pronounce “aw” to rhyme with oh, or mown; Naw-Rúz is No—Rooz.
The following consonants may be pronounced like 2: d_h, z, 2., d.
The following consonants may be pronounced like ss: Q1, 5, s.
Z_h 'is pronounced like the “s” in pleasure. Ifli is pronounced like “ch” in Scotch loch or German nacht. Do not pronounce it as “k.” Westerners are as a rule incapable of pronouncing “gig” and “q”; a guttfiral French “r” will serve here; otherwise use hard “g” as in good. ‘
H and h, approximately like the English aspirate “h,” should never be dropped. Tihran is Teh-ron; madrisih is mad-res-seh; Mihrab is Meh-rob.
In the case of double letters pronounce each separately: ‘Ab-bés.
The character transliterated (’) represents a pause; it is not unlike the initial sound made in pronouncing such a word as every. The word Bahá’í is phonetically as follows: “a” as in account; “a” as in father; (’), pause “i”
as ee in meet.
The character transliterated (‘) may also be treated as a pause.
NB. As Persian often indicates no vowel sounds and as its pronunciation differs in different localities throughout Persia and the Near East as well as among individuals in any given locality, a uniform system of transliteration such as the above, which is in use by Bahá’í communities all over the world, is indispensable to the student.
