Bahá’í World/Volume 8/Transliteration of Oriental Words

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[Page 760]

III

TRANSLITERATION OF

‘Abé

‘Abédih ‘Abbés I ‘Abdu’l-Bahá ‘Abdu’l-Hamid ‘Abdu’l-Husayn ‘Abdu’lláh Abhá Abu’l-Fadl ‘Adasiyyih Adlxén Acflfirbéyj in Afnán

A g}_1§én

‘Ahd

Ahmad AI_1s:'I’i

Ahvéz

Akbar

‘Akká

‘Ali’

‘Ali ‘Ali-Muhammad Alláh-u-Abhá Alváḥ Alváḥ-i-Salétgin Amin

Amir Amir-Nizém Amru’lláh Amul

Anzali

Aqé

Aqdas ‘Arabistén Asmzi’ ‘Avé§_}_1iq Ayédi

Azal

‘Azamat

‘Aziz

L I T E R AT U R E

Báb Farsalgh

Bábi Fat};-‘Ali Bábu’l-Bib Firdaws Baghdád Firdawsi Bahá

Bahá’í Ganjih Bahá’u’lláh Gilén Bahíyyih Gul

Bahjí Gulastén Balúg_}_1istén Gurgin Bandar-‘Abbés

Béqir Habib Baqiyyatu’lláh Haditb Bérfurfislm Hadrat Bagrih Hájí

Bégfim I;-Iéji Mirzá Áqásí Bayén Héj

Bayt Hamadén Big Hasan Birjand Haydar-‘Ali Bighérét Haykal Bismi’lláh Ḥaẓíratu’l-Quds Bul_<_l3éra’1 Hijéz Burfijird Himmat-Abéd Btislxihr Hujjat Buslxrffi Husayn Bugbrfiyih Huvaydar Qihriq Ibréhim

fl Dalé’il-i-Sab‘ih ‘Ilm Dérfighih Imém Dawlat-Abéd Imém-Jum‘ih l_2_1_1abih Imém-Zédih Duzdéb Iqán Irén

Faré’id ‘Iráq

Férén ‘Iráqi Farmén ‘Iráq-i-‘Ajam Farrégg-Bé§1_1i Igféhén

Firs ‘lglgqébéd

760

ORIENTAL WORDS FREQUENTLY USED IN

BAHA'I

Ishráqát Isimtihérd Islém Islamic Ismé‘iliyyih Istarébéd ‘Izzat

Jalail _Iamédiyu’l-Avval Jamél Jamél-i-Mubérak Jamél-i-Qidam Jésb

Jubbih

Kaaba Ka‘bih Kad-I_{_hudé Kalantar Kalim Kalimét Kamél Karand Karbilá Késllén Kaflgkfil Kawmu’§-$a‘éyidih Kawtlmar Káẓim Káẓimayn Qallgxél I_{_hén I{_héniqayn §_hayli l<_:_l_n'1b Igllurésén I_<_huY Kirmén Kirméns_1_1éh Kitáb-i-‘Ahd Kitáb-i-Aqdas

[Page 761]TRANSLITERATION

Kitáb-i-Asmá’ Kitáb-i-Badi‘ Kitáb-i-iqén Kuléh Kurdistan

Léhij an Lair Lawh Luristén

Madrisih Ma1_1búbu’§h-fluhadé’ Mahd-i-‘Ulya Méh—Kú Mahmfid Maléyir Man-Yuzhiruhu’llah Maqém Maréghih Marhabé

Marv

Masé’il

Mas_1_1had Mas_}_1iyyat Mashriqu’l-Ac]hkér Masjid

Maydén Mézindarén Mihdi

Mihréb

Milan

Mi‘ra'1j

Mirzá Mis_1_1kin-Qalam Mu’ac_1L1c_illin Mufti Muhammad Muhammad-‘Ali Muhammarih Muharram Mujtahid

Mulk

Mullá

Munirih Mugtafa Mustaghétb Muzaffari’d-Din

Nabil Nabil-i-A‘zam Naj af Najaf-Abéd Néqidin Na§ir N:i§iri’Din Navvéb Naw-Rúz Nayriz Nis_.[1ébúr Nuqtih Núr

Pahlavi Parén

Q-4911

Qédiyén Qahqahih Qa’im

Q5 j ér

Qalyén Qamgar Qagr-i-§1_1irin Qawl

Qayyfim Qayy\'1mu’l-Asmá’ Qazvin

Qiblih

QúgI_1én Quddfis

Qudrat

Qum

Qur’án

Qurbén Qurratu’l-‘Ayn

OF ORIENTAL

Rafsinj an Rahim Rahmén Rahmat Ra’is Ramadan Ragllt Rawljnéni Riḍván Rúl_1u’lláh

Sabzivér Sadratu’l-Muntahé $éhibu’z-Zamén $a1_1ifatu’1-Ijiaramayn Sa‘id

Salsibil Samarqand Sangsar

Sari

&a‘bén

§I_1ah

flahid §1_1ahmirzéd Shéhrfid

flaraf

§}_1ari‘ah

§1_1aY1:1_1 %aylg_}_1—Tabarsi &aylg1_1u’l-Islam _S_L1i‘ih

Shiites

Shíráz

§l_1usiltar Simnén

Sisén

Sistén Siyéh-gal Siyyid

Sfif i

Sulaymén Sultan

Sult an-Abéd

WORDS 761

Sultanate Sulténu’§_1-fluhadé’ Sunni

Sunnites Súratu’l-Haykal Sfirih

Sfiriy-i-Damm Sfiriy-i-fiugn Stiriy-i-Ra’is Sfiriy-i-Sabr

Tabríz Táhirih Tajalliyat Tékur Taqi Tarazét Tarbiyat Tégbkand Tawhid flurayyé Tihran Tfimén

Turkistán

'Ulamé Urfimiyyih ‘Ut_l_1mén

Vahid Vali Vali-‘Ahd Varqa Vazir

Ya-Bahá’u’l-Abhá Yaḥyá Yazd

Zan an Zarand Zaynu’1-Muqarrabin

[Page 762]762

THE Bahá’í WORLD

GUIDE TO TRANSLITERATION AND PRONUNCIATION OF THE TRANIAN ALPHABET

W . . . . -5 t 5’ .....k . Z \..J .....p° 5 ...dh _£ J ., __ . Q Q.” )  !; fa m \..J‘‘ ii A E L)‘ 0 . — y 2' ”, ..zh ....gh h ” h . 9 no 2 k)‘-‘ (5  ;° a».....as in i....as (e) in u. . .as (o) in aw . . . . ..asln account best short mown a.....asin i...as (ee) in ú..as (oo) in arm meet: moon

The "i” added to the name of a town signifies (“belonging to.” Thus, S_o_l_1irazi

means native of Shíráz.

NOTES ON THE PRONUNCIATION OF iRANIAN WORDS

The emphasis in frénian words is more or less evenly distributed, each syllable being equally stressed as in French. For example, do not say Tabríz or Tabarsi; stay as long on one syllable as on the next: Tabríz; Tabar-si. (While there are many exceptions to this rule, it is the most generally correct method of treating the question of stress.)

A frequent mistake is the failure to distinguish between broad and flat "a’s.” This differentiation makes the language especially musical and should be observed: in the word

Afnan, for example, pronounce the first "a” as in mat, and the second syllable to rhyme with on. Americans are apt to pronounce short “a” plus “r” like the verb form are; this is a mistake; “ar” should be pronounced as in the name of Harry—cf. Tarbiyat. The same differentiation should be observed in the case of long and short “i” and long and short “u.” As the guide to the transliteration indicates, short “i” is like “e” in best, and long “i” like “ee” in meet;

for example, Ibrahim is pronounced Eb-ra-'

[Page 763]NOTES ON PRONUNCIATION OF iRANIAN

heem; Islam is Ess-lahm. Short “u” being like “O” in short, and long “u” being like “oo” in moon, the following would be pronounced: Quddt'1s—Qod-dooss; Barfurúsl1—Bar-fo-roosh.

Pronounce “aw” to rhyme with oh, or mown; Naw-Rúz is No-Rooz.

The following consonants may be pronounced like z: cll_1, z, z, d.

The following consonants may be pronounced like ss: th, s, s.

_Z_h is pronounced like the in pleasure. Eh is pronounced like “ch” in Scotch loc/J or German nae‘/at. Do not pronounce it as "k.” Westerners are as a rule incapable of pronouncing gl_1 and “q”; a guttural French "r” will serve here; otherwise use hard “g” as in good.

H and h, approximately like the English

aspirate “h,” should never be dropped.

1: as S

763

Ṭihrán is Teh-ron; madrisih is mad-res-seh; Mihrab is Meh-rob.

In the case of double letters pronounce each separately: ‘Ab—ba'1s.

The character transliterated (’) represents a pause; it is not unlike the initial sound made in pronouncing such a word as every. The word Bahá’í is phonetically as follows: “a” as in account; “a” as in father; (’), pause; "i” as ee in meet.

The character transliterated (‘) may also be treated as a pause.

N.B. As Tranian often indicates no vowel sounds and as its pronunciation differs in different localities throughout Train and the Near East as well as among individuals in any given locality, a uniform system of transliteration such as the above, which is in

,,,

use by Baha 1 communities all over the world, is indispensable to the student.