World Unity/Volume 1/Issue 1/Text

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WORLD UNITY

A Monthly Magazine for time who Jack the world outlook upon present development: of pbilwapby, .m'mce, religion, ethic: and the artx.

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JOHN HERMAN RANDALL, Editar Honacn HOLLBY, Managing Editor

Contributing Editor:

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Rum: M. Jonas WILLIAM R. Santana

DAVID Sun JORDAN MARY SIIous‘r '

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Hunt LIV! M. P. WILLcocxs

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Editarial Oflite—4 East 12th Street, New York City Bum." Office—IZZ East 34th Street, New York City

Noun UNITY Manama is published by Woun UNITY Punusumu Conrouflon. In East 34th Street, New Yotk City. Man Rvusaw Movws, pustular; Honcl Housv, riu-pmialcul; Fumes“ Manon. Mam; J. WALno Fchn-r. mung. Published monthlv, 3; ccms a copv. $3.50 a year in the United States, $4.00 in Canada ma $4.50 in all other countries (postage includcd). Tu: Wont) Um" Punlsllmo Cononflox and its editors do not invite unsolicited manuscripts and art material. but welcome comspondcnce on articles related to the aims and purposes of the magazine. Printed in U. S. A. Contentscopyrightcd 191.7 by Wont) Uurn' PUBLISHING Conon-rlox.

[Page 2]mm: Wu: AND Ruuou or Wan. the peoples of the earth are seeking more and more to tealue the Launem that renden us all a unit in spirit, :eeomplithment

and outlook. Once the m' nghty oceans wete hartien to communication; now they have become highways of ptogtett ovet which thought can travel. Impedimeau placed by nature to ease of contact on land have been turned aside by an inventive genius that has converted steam and eleettieity into foteet productive of an ever widening intetehange of ideas. The tit. erstwhile an abode of winged eteatutet alone. has become a limitless zone whetein boundariet ate annihilated end man is enabled to transmit with lightning speed the knowledge that makes us kin.

Because of what has been done to narrow space and thonen time, because of means by which the tepetateneu of yote has become the interdependence of to-day, among. the nations of the globe. the conception of world unity hat arisen. Huge u the obstacles seem that hold apart folk of difl'eteat speech, custom and tradition, they ate tune to {all away at the [atom continua of drawing humanity closet. Governments and statesmen IIu'y strive to maintain isolation or engender mistrust; individuals cherish the illusion that each it living unto himself; but even while they do so. the forces of attention in humankind work steadily onward toward appmxilnetion.

Of all lands Olll' own country is one that memblet most the world-state of the future. Here are reptesentativet of many nationalities bmght together into a community of tingleneu. Alike a pattetn and a symbol of the unity someday toheelfeetive everywhere on eatth. it reveals the possibility a! men of divene origins assembling and‘dwelling side by side. animated by the ideal that to each shall be yielded the measure of hit worth and nought of privilege inherited ot hatred; hum of ages. Here as nowhere else may the thought of world unity find expteuion. here derive int iration {tout conference upon the etteatialt of action needed or its diffusion thmghout the globe. By it we may hope to aid humanity at large in its min; toward the dawn of that happier day. when there shall ptevail u earth. not the condition of peace alone. but the spirit nnivettal understanding and good will which mum in permanence.

WILLIAM R. Slllllllln

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1: Von. I Octom. 1917 No. i

THE IDEAL OF WORLD UNITY

6: Joan HERMAN RANDALL

I. The Fem: Making for Dinah]

non the beginning of man's life on this planet there has been a constant struggle between opposing fotces. Frequently the struggle has reached the acute stage; more often it has gone on without coming to open conflict, as a more or lcss vague background to the conventional everydaylife. Sometimes the struggle is carried on most aggressively in certain lands or places. while thete are few, if any, indications of it in other localitics. There are periods when outstanding leaders appeat—gteat prophetic souls—who marshal the dispitited hosts and lead them on to fresh conquests; and then, again, there are long stretches of time when there seem to be no great personalities and the struggle goes on aimlessly without intelligent guidance or direction. In certain ages the struggle takes on a distinctly political tinge; in others, it is predominantly social or economic; while at still other times, questions of religion play the prominent putt. But whatever .‘ mm the struggle may take, whatever leadership or lack of leader ~hip it may possess, it is always the age-long struggle between the mrces of light and dztkness, of truth and error, of good and evil. of selfishness and unselfishness, tint is being waged. All ptogtess that man has ever made is due to the fact that this struggle has always been in the world, and out only hope for the future lies in 3 the fact that this struggle is still going on today with nndiminxshcd intensity and, let us hope, with increasing intelligence.

‘ Fat the age in which we live, this age-long struggle has resolved itself into certain vety definite outlines. While it possesses all the qualities of previous ages, still, it has a chanetet that is

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peculiarly its own and that is bound to give the twentieth century an unmistakable trend—a trend that is already apparent. It is easy . to see the political elements that enter into our struggle, the pro- ‘ found and far—teaching social and economic forces with which we contend, the moral and religious factors at work, but underlying all these, comprehending and involving them all, are still deeper forces that are less evident on the surface of life as yet, that are only just beginning to become articulate, but that are destined to become the gteatdominant forces in the lifeof the twentieth century.

All the lesser struggles of out time—politieal, social, economic, _ moral and teligious—can be resolved into two gtoups—the forces _ making for disunity on the one hand, and those making for unity in the life of man, on the other. Deeper than all schemes of re- ’ organization, all new social programs, all economic reacliustments, all creeds of the modernists, the one fact that stands forth with ever-increasing cleatness is that this world must achieve some kind of unity that has never yet existed, it must find the way to a cooperation that man has never yet known, it must create a fellowship between races and nations and classes and individuals that has never yet been experienced. This is not a matter of choice but of the sternest necessity.

The kind of a world into which we have come today, the very nature of the life we are forced to live on this planet, demand inevitably this new spirit of unity, this wotld-wide cooperation, this true and genuine fellowship. The old barriers of ignorance and prejudice, of separation and division, leading sooner or later to strife and war, are hopelessly doomed. They are an utter anachronism in a world like ours; they have become obsolete in this modern age; they no more belong to the twentieth century than do petty quarrels of childhood belong in the life of the full—grown man. Not to see this is to be absolutely blind to the meaning and significance of what is taking place throughout the world today. And not to take an intelligent part in this supreme struggle of our age is to miss the greatest opportunity that life alfords to the men and women of this genetation.

It was the war that revealed the true nature of the struggle

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i in which we are now engaged and from which we cannot escape,

_' and the truly significant books that have appeared since the war from scholars in all parts of the world have but thrown a flood of new light on this supreme problem of out time. It was the war j that made clear as never before the mighty forces that had been

making for disunity and division and, against the background of their grim nakedness, brought into startling relief the many

forces making for unity—a better understanding and a closer fellowship in the life of men. It is this new ideal emerging in the 3 world's thought that is destined to become the all-dominating

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ideal of the new age upon which we have entered.

And yet, the ideal of a world unity is not altogether new. In the poet Dante's Dc Mumbia, we find a most appealing expression of this ideal which is in striking contrast to the competing nationalisms of the modern age. Never was a more faithful son of the Church; yet Dante was also the apostle of an idealized Empire. Fascinated by the dream of wotld-peace, inspired by the renewed vision of the achievement of the organizing power of Ancient Rome that came with the revival of the study of Roman law, he

>_ conceived the magnificent ideal of Pope and Emperor as the two heirs of the Roman State ruling the world for the same end. each , by his own means and in his own sphere. But this ideal of an all’- inclusive Empire soon faded into the dim distance never to be rcvlvcd again, and since Dante's time the world seems to have " moved evet farther away from any conception of unity.

This ideal of the Middle Ages, however. was the farthest

i runoved from the ideal that is emerging in human consciousness

today. It implied uniformity both in political and in religious con; trol, and it would have tended to minimize and eventually to

? destroy the cultural life and ideals of other peoples while it

gradually substituted the standardized system of Roman government and of the Roman Church. Any such uniformity, which is a mechanical thing, had it been possible to achieve, would have proven fatal to all growth and progress in man‘s life.

We know today that we are living in a dynamic, not a static world—a world that is constantly growing and, therefore, can [Page 6]u WOILD UNITY NAGAZINB

stantly changing; and anything that involves uniformity, whether in outward forms or in man's thinkirg, is neither desirable nor possible. The unity for which the twentieth century is searching has nothing whatever to do with uniformity. It is a Unit] in Diwm'a that we seek and that we must lind—a unity that exists, not in spite of differences but even because of them, a unity that goes deeper than all differences, that respects them all and includes them all, a unity that creates a new synthesis of the best and truest in the lives of all peoples, that does not destroy the distinctive contributions which difi'erent races and nations have made to the common life of the world, but, rather, seeks to preserve these differences and blend them into one living Whole.

The unity we seek, therefore, is a spiritual thing that comes welling up in consciousness, not a mechanical thing foisted on from the outside. It is a growth—the result of knowledge of ourselves and of others. It can come only as ignorance is dispelled and prejudices of every kind are overcome. This knowledge is available today as it was not in the past. It is being forced upon the attention of all intelligent persons even though they may not be seeking it direCtly. It is only a question of time when all men must see its meaning and become conscious of its spirit, for it is indeed the very spirit of the new age. To achieve this consciousness is the next step in human evolution. And when this conscionsncss is attained it will not be so difficult to solve the many ptc tilems of reorganization that perplex us so sorely today.

Let me point out some of the chief forces that have been making for disunity in the wosld's life, especially during the last one hundred years. The first of these is Nationalism. According to Professot Hayes, the most significant emotional factor in public life today is nationalism. It is the intense and universal mark of the present age. There is scarcely a cloud on the horizon ofdomestic politics, social action, and international affairs, which is without a lining of nationalism. It stands as the greatest obstacle in the way of the coming of any true internationalisin.

Nationalism is a modern emotional fusion and exaggeration of two vety old phenomena—nationality and pattiotisni. There

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66 THE IDEAL OF WORLD UNITY 7

1fluwe always been from the historian' s view-point, human entities that can properly be called nationalities. There has been lmm ‘ ncient times the love of country or native land, which is patriot; ism. But the fusion of patriotism with nationality and the pre" ominance of national patriotism over all other human loyalties 5; which is nationalism—is extremely modern.

The consciousness of nationality was greatly exalted! Western Europe by literary, political, economic and rcligiouls idifl'ercntiationt in the sixteenth and scventeeth centuries, but it .'§l»cgan to be transformed into nationalism at the opening of thc jinineteenth century and has steadily intensified and expanded §down to the present time. Professor Hayes assigns three causes fur ?%the rise and rapid development of nationalism: the French Ru ulu§tiun, the Industrial Revolution, and the vogue of Romanticism ,During the nineteenth century it has assumed a thrce-fold aspect. ! irst, thanks to the Industrial Revolution, it has ceased to bc rL'stl‘lCth to western Europe; it has gradually affected every ‘nationality in Europe and most nationalities in all the other contlncnts. Secondly, it has advanced with tremendous rapidity in states like England and France, which had already become national sun's. Thirdly, it has invaded nomnational states, such as the Hapsbnrg, Muscovite and Ottoman Empires, and broken them up .-: mm national fragments. . That modern nationalism has been a disunifying form- in thc .,'-.mr!d's life is clearly evident when we remember somc u! the grave evils to which it has inevitably led. First, there is the spirit u! exclusivenets and narrowness to which it leads. The nation'il

f tatc through education in national schools, national arim am!

Emitimtal journalism, through all the social pressure of national “jg; atriotistn, inculcate: in its citizens the fancy that thev are a ixmrld by themselves, sufficient unto themselves; it tcachcs them 6 that they ate a chosen people, a peculiar people, and that they 5:2 should prize [at more what 15 theirs as a nationality than \\ hat ls gillclrs as human beings. This tends to develop' into a pharisaic F 6smugncss that is ridiculous, an ignorance that is dangerous, and

6: an uncritical pride which is despicable.

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Secondly, nationalism places a premium on uniformity. It prescribes national models of art, national standards of thought, and national forms of conduct, and to these it expects all the inhabitants of each national state to conform. Individual differences class differences, religious differences are alike deemed unfortunate It tends to reduce everything and everybody within the national state to a dull and lifeless drab sameness. ‘

Third, nationalism increases the docility of the masses. As a . result of their national upbringing and their life-long nationalist ’education, they are seldom inclined to question the "perfections" . of their nationality, of their state, of their government, or of the ; economic conditions under which they live. “In the name of ; national rights, national interests, national honour, they will ‘ forego their own individual rights, sacrifice their own individual interests. and even foreswear their own individual honour. They ' are ready in the name of freedom and liberty of their nationality to abridge the liberty of fellow-citizens and to take away the freedom of other nationalities. They have, in supreme degree, the ‘ will to believe, and this will to believe renders them easy dupes of , nationalist propaganda in support of imperialism and war." '

Fourthly, nationalism in its present form focuses popular ‘ attention upon war and preparedness for war. War is that historic ‘ tradition of a nationality which the national state, under present conditions, does most to keep alive and aetive in the minds and hearts of its citizens.

From this brief survey of the patent evils of modern nationalism it is clear that, whatever good it may possess, in its present form nationalism is a force making not for unity, but just thc reverse. It divides and separates, it fosters ignorance and deepens prejudice; it creates frictions, breeds bitterness, arouses hatreds. and is one of the major causes leading eventually to war.

A second force making for disunity during the last century is Economic Impm'alim. Of ancient imperialism, of the empires of Alexander, of Cyrus, of Caesar, we have all heard much, and of Napoleon's spectacular exploits every school boy has read. But in this country. at least. the average citizen is barely beginning to

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icalize the significance of the present-day imperialism —its motives, its technique and its inevitable consequences. Little .IS the general public may realize the fact, economic imperialism 1s the most imyressive achievement and the most momentous world- -problcn1 oi .pur age. More than half of the world' s land surface, and more than g, billion human beings, are included in the colonies and "back’;.-\vard countries" dominated by a few imperialist nations. Every 91min, woman and child in Great Britain has ten colonial subjects. 15'black, brown and yellow. For every acre in France there are "?xxvcnty in the French colonies and protectorates. Italy is one-sixth .15 large as her colonies; Portugal, one-twenty-third; Belgium one1' ghticth. The nations of Europe are dwarfs beside their colonial possessions. The average American has been accustomed to think at an} r .m- until the disillusionment of 1919, that seizure of tcrriton \\ as , somewhat akin to theft, that militarism and aggressixc mar \\ ere nut of date among democratic nations, that conquest was contrary i, m the normal principles of international morality. This, however. his not been the attitude of the imperialist nations of Europe or 111 ' ln1rupeanized japan. "French statesmen have vehemently declared ‘12 úc conquest of the colonies to be not merely permissible. but imptrative for France, and the Third Republic has won almost live

mllion square miles. Italian patriots have proclaimed it a sacred

int y. and Italy has gained almost a million square miles. Englishmm have regarded it as 'the white man's burden' which civilized , ‘ tarple date not shirk; and in the last half century four million 1 ~~;u.ll‘c miles have been added to the British Empire, besides many

,1 Nikki protectorate and sphere of influence. Germany plunged

g zzm) world politics rather late, but not too late to appropriate 11 z :11 1 llion square miles in Africa and the East Indies, to dominate the - 11 h Asiatic empire of the Ottoman sultans, and finally to stake all

.1111! lose all in the war of 1914. Russian tsars stretched acquisitch

' P11 an into Central Asia, Persia, Manchuria and Mongolia. Japan wok Formosa, Korea, part of Manchuria. Shantung, German Minds in the Pacific, and, during the great War, attempted at a magle stroke to make all China virtually a Japanese protccwrate.

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All the Great Powers, save the United States, boldly and frankly set themselves to the epic task, in the nineteenth century, of carving out stupendous colonial empires; and even the United States, feeling the same urge to action, teached into the Pacific and into the Caribbean for parcels of colonial territory."

It is not necessary in this connection to explain the economic causes, growing out of the Industrial Revolution with its increasing demands for new markets and for raw materials, nor the mixed motives that tempted one nation after another into this imperialistic expansion. It is enough to realize, as we must today, that this gradual encroachment on the territory, the economic resources and the political power of these other peoples by the European Powers was in no sense conducive to unity, to good feeling and better understanding, but just the reverse. We see now that out of it all has sprung racial antagonisms, national rivalries, and bitter hatreds. Division, strife and war are the inevitable results of economic imperialism, and the most hopeful thing about this imperialism of the Great Powers is that it is fast nearing its end.

During the last few years a spirit of rebellious self—deterntination has seized upon hitherto inert subject races; Nationalist Turkey has turned against European exploitation, Nationalist Egypt has won independence, Indian Nationalism has assumed monumental proportions, Nationalist Persia and Afghanistan have cast off British shackles, the Filipinos have become mete insistent in their pleas for independence, and Latin-America is being aroused by American imperialism in the Caribbean. Unless all signs mislead the day of economic imperialism. as it has been practised, is drawing toa close, and the ptoblems of securing matkets and raw materials will have to be solved in the future by methods more in harmony with the principles of justice and fair play. The imperialistic control by a few Western powers of over half the surface of this planet and the exploitation of a billion of the earth's inhabitants is breaking down before our very eyes, and gradually giving way to a new spirit that recognizes the equality of all peoples and seeks to create unity and understanding between

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‘u m rather than disunity and strife. What is taking place in China

ruby. in. its relation to the Western Powers, only proves this chlllt‘nt. A third force making for disunity has grown direCtly out of rhc Industrial Revolution in the creation of an intense chmmaommu. In all industrialized countries a gulf ot cleavage has »~_ m dug between Capital and Labor, employer and employee, that m» divided society in twain. As the nineteenth century moved .1: these two groups became more strongly organized under their ‘upt‘ctivc leaders, and more deeply entrenched in an attitude of ",Mility, suspicion, distrust, and increasing bitterness, each to‘\ .ml the other, breaking out constantly into industrial warfare, - :xh strikes on the one hand, and lockouts on the other. The form nit this class-consciousness has taken and the resulting class I : u -: gle have been inevitable under the prevailing type of industtial r umization. It has also been ahighly necessary thing, for despite w mstliness and all the waste involved, the class struggle has . night into clear relief the conditions under which the workers . 1km”)! were living and the many forms of injustice from which - , . v suffered; it has also led to the alleviation of some of the worse .-:: litions, at least in certain countries. But admitting all its mgrits, it is obvious that it has not made for unity and coopera- 2'1 but rather for division and strife in the life of society, and no ‘rt'lllgcnt man believes that it represents the truly “civilized s. :cty" that is one day to be. The problem of the just economic "'.:niza'tlon of society is still unsolved. But it is clear that it

wr will be solved until the sense of unity and the spirit of comtion take possession of both “the sundered members of

~ my." leading the way towards a just and righteous organiza.V u! of the economic life of men. .-\ fourth force making for disunity has been the inevitable ‘ , .x;.;ruwth of these intense and narrow nationalisms, these rapidly ' m mg economic impetialisms and the deepening class struggle

.l” industrialized countries, in the form of :5: and mu in ar,. .. mum ca tried on by the Great Powers during the last halfcentury.

. i2; distrust. the rivalries, the bitterness and the hatreds growing

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out of all of these disunifying forces led inevitably to a steadily deepening fear of one another among all the various nations. And this fear led of necessity to the strengthening of the means of national defense, first by one nation and then by the others, until it soon became, literally, a "mad race" as to which nation should have the largest army and the strongest navy with the most formidable military and naval equipment. The argument used with the tax-payers was the old one, that preparedness for war is the best insurance against war. But what happened in 1914 has demonstrated the futility as well as the falsity of this reasoning for most intelligent people. Preparedness for war does not bring peoples together in closer cooperation and mutual understanding; it only separates them by the suspicion, the distrust, the fear that it is bound to create. It is flu great disarzifying forte, the natural product of all these other forces that have dominated the last century.

When we turn from the political and economic fields to that of religion we confront another tremendously disunifying force in the spirit of religious Jrcmrimlim: that from the beginning has created deep-seated prejudices, fostered bitter intolerance and led inevitably to cruel persecution and blood y wars. What nationalism is in the political life of men with its intense and narrow outlook, that sectarianism is in their religious life. The evils to which economic imperialism direcdy leads find their counterpart in the evils growing out of missionary propaganda when carried on through pressure and without understanding of local genuis, tradition or possibility.

So long as any religious body says. ”Mine is the only true religion; yours is false and must be supplanted by mine," just so long will religious seetarianism make forLcompetition and rivalry. The great prophets of religion have always voiced their message in universal terms. It is their followers who build ecclesiastical barriers and create creedal boundaries which divide the members . > of God's human family here upon earth. '

[Page 13]APOSTLES OF WORLD UNITY

I—~-DAVID STARR JORDAN

B} CHARLES HENRY RIEBER Dun, Ulil'fflif} 0/ California at Lu Angel"

x the preface to his autobiography—"The Days of a Man“Dr. Jordan says: ”For half a century the writer of these pages has been a very busy man, living meanwhile three more or less independent lives; first, and for the love of it, that of a

naturalist and explorer; second, also for the love of it, that of a Lichen and third, from a sense of duty, that of a minor prophet Democracy." Each of these three lives he has lived to the full, .I t-anllshing three times as much as most men, even specialists. tnmng his major attributes are a marvellous memory, vivid

mgination, patience and unlimited capacity for hard work. His

-:?-.;r hig qualities of mind and heart, which have endeared him

. muntless friends, colleagues and students, can only be hinted

.t: here. Of his preeminence in the first two fields of endeavor I

re also no space to speak. [n this sketch, it is an outstanding

Luc of the third life, that of the social philosopher, which I am

.zppraise—namely, his contribution to the cause of democracy

zi world peace.

His thought partly moulded in early manhood by an eager adding of Emerson, Thoreau and Lowell, the young naturalistrucher showed from the beginning an interest in human affairs

zntc outside his scientific absorptions. With added years he bet..:uc an increasingly eHeCtive moral force in his rapidly expanding

~:-31t-rc of influence. It was not, however, until 1898, during the ‘gumish-American War, that he especially concerned himself with .::t:mational politics. Thus the address entitled ”Lest We For ' ~ : tilder is not acquainted with "The Days of a Man". it will be to his soul's delight and adr...:: to buy 0: bottow these two noble volumes. (World Book Company. Yonkets-on-Hudson.

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get“, delivered in San Francisco on the evening after Dewey's victory in Manila Bay, marked his entrance into a new field. On that occasion he watned the American people of dangets inherent in out conquest, and the likelihood of its resulting in a sad departure from democratic traditions.

Events of the Boer War confirmed and deepened him in his new convictions. At the same time, also, as a biologist he began to study the ravages of war upon posterity, a line of research leading up to his most distinctive contribution to the subieet of war and peace. To this I shall later revert. In 1907, with the broaden. ing of his activities in the sphere of internationalism, he instituted at Stanford University, in conjunction with Professor Benjamin Krehbiel, a course of lectures on international conciliation, the syllabus then printed for the use of students being the first ever prepared on that subject. This guide Ktehbiel afterward expanded into his ”War, Nationalism and Society." the forerunner, in a certain sense, of such scholarly volumes as Moon's "Syllabus for the Study of International Relations," and Other similar works on “Intetnational Organization".

There have been many estimates of Jordan’s character, purposes and accomplishments in the field of international understanding. It is impossible here to discuss these appraisals of the man and to show, by actual quotations from his published writings. how much he was misunderstood in the days of excitement and hysteria just before America's entry into the Eutopean War. Time has already vindicated him. One of the most remarkable post-wat documents is “An Open Letter to David Start Jordan" from the man who led the mob which broke through the cordon of police surrounding a meeting where Dr. Jordan was protesting against our participation in the war. In a long, honorable, complete apology, the writer says: “I acted after the fashion of an animal. The propaganda surrounding me on every side had affected me precisely as the tom-tom beating of a tribe in an African jungle affects the youth whom their chiefs and medicine men

'l'hia address was amtward inted with seven] othen on allied anh' nndet the ti ' t title. "l-petial Demauy". pr M m

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desire to stir to battle . . . you were motivated by the principles of civilization while I was motivated by the passions of barbarian."

In a pamphlet of twenty-fout pages. recently printed by Stanford University, are listed upwards of four hundred and fifty mlcs of books and articles on international peace written by Dr jurdan during the last_thirty years. There are repetitions in these writings, of course. But he is never diffuse. He states again and 4 ‘54.: in, in new ways, the central arguments against war and always in language of simple dignity and power, leaving epigtams to imgcr in the memory. It is difficult to select from this immense 1m of his writings, but I think the most irrefutably convincing

mrcments of his doctrines are found in "The Standing Incentives to War," and ”War and the Breed."

In the essay on "standing incentives to war," Jordan deals ax uh factors inherent in the War System as such. The secret bases nr wars are not armies and navies, but "war traders, armament -.\ :zldcrs, money lenders, recipients of special privileges, the cormy: portion of the press, and all other influences impelled by

‘ ru‘c. interest, or necessity." Among the "standing incentives" " .» pLICL‘S last, but not last, the pseudo—pattiotie school teacher. 1:: the rear follows the schoolmaster, extolling the glories of ix.” .md exalting Thackeray's

‘Rdtut MI] in 51': hot: That bile: the m5 of mm from m. ' ' '

A ll of the ever present, hidden incentives to war are actually mtxncd to comparatively few persons, but the pressure from this

~ .zmrily is so insidiously persistent that at last the tank and file ,_ :hc uneducated come to believe that war, however costly and

._. z-n uh painful, is necessary and that in the end it will be rmmcly beneficial.

“W ar and the Breed" contains a summing up of arguments gnhcr presented (in part) in two othet smaller books, "The 5*5- wk! of the Nation" and ‘The Human Harvest." ”Wat's Afterth ' ', written in collaboration with Professor Harvey E. Joedao

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of the University of Virginia. deals with the social devastation wrought by the Civil War in Virginia.‘

Discussing the incalculable, tragic consequences of war, Dr. Jordan quotes Franklin‘s words, "Wars are not paid for in wartime; the bill comes later." The costs of war are thus of two kind—“the first costs" and ”the last cost". The first costs are the immediate destruction of life and the waste of the world's physical resources. But the last cost is the visiting of the iniquity of the fathers upon the children even unto the tenth generation. Indeed, the setual loss in life and wealth is insignificant in comparison with those remotet losses which result from the deterioration of the race not merely physically but spiritually. And the spiritual losses through wars are the most devastating,—the degradation of truth, honesty, love, sympathy and all the other higher human virtues.

lo jordan's opinion no scientific problem of the day surpasses in interest and importance the destruction in war of the finest specimens of manhood and the resultant teversal of selection. “Through the reversal of selection," he writes, “due to the destruction of the young, the sttong, the hold, the soldietly elements, the parentage of the nation is left to those war cannot use. For two thousand years this has been the most tetrible feet in the history of Europe, the hidden cause of the downfall of empires, the basis of the problems of the slum, the basal cause of apathy, inefficiency. sterility and the drooping spirit of modern Europe." With such statements of irrefutable fact, Jordan has furnished the peace movement the most powetful weapon against the “social

daminists," who claim that ”war is based on the natural struggle for existence and represents the selection of the fittest."

Certain clerical critics have objected to his arguments against war on the ground that they were too materialistic; he reaches his .conclusions hy inductive reasoning upon biological and other physical consequences. But “there is little final dill’etence." he replies. "between idealistic pacifist: like the Quakers who con 'l'he rude: will not fail to noteJoulsn's ltlieitously lotcelul titles lot these :- well u lot ni-ilu ml:- whieh have become an illu‘ul put of the lineman on conciliation.

[Page 17]DAVID “ARI JOIDAN l7

L—mn war for its own take as contrary to moral: and religion, and

nlllCtiVC pacifists who, studying wat's effects, condemn it as

numughly had from every point of view."

livery plan that Dr. Jordan has ever suggested for peace and .mi will among nations has depended on public opinion for the ”immanent of its provisions. Upon this centtal imperative he emu with repeated emphasis. A "league to enforce peace" hm ks dow" under the stress of its own inner self-conttadiction. I A cwisc, he obieCts to the employment of boycott to secure peace .a plan often proposed) quite as much as to militaty force. Boy»u, he declares, is "a two-edged sword cutting first the hand

31 it wields it."

In one essay of a book of genetal import entitled "War and .\ Nu") he pleads for the extension of international law, the g -. glupmcnt of the "machinery of conciliation" and especially 3 4r ihc employment of Joint High Commissions in mattets of n: maximal friction. This volume he dedicates

To

Tie M” o] SIR CHARLES BAGOT

0'4 0! RICHARD RUSH lumen o] a Audrdyeat 1p. I'ln mew wash): fu- t‘e 6'0" LA" 0, Min,

and Mn nerd lanai; fem MM 'I’l W m. WM! Mm at It

aldo‘m their human- wk! IMJthlrl-ehlyoxfldu.

In [his connection may be recalled Jordan's historic address

. i vhcnt in 1914 on the occasion of the celebration of the one ~ ::'1‘:rcdth anniversary of the signing of the Treaty of Ghent

' mm: peace between Great Britain and the United States after

‘ . War of 1812., and leading to the dismantling of the Canadian

3: Lirv.

His {nth in the Joint High Commission as an imputtant tool

- \ miliation tests partly on personal and practical grounds, it

1 5:34 hccn his privilege to serve the United States on three such

"m .icaling with international zoological problems. Mote

m 19.6, at a most critical juncture in our relations with

-' - f hum us initial essay. an MRS! ikliveted It the Hand Union in IS".

[Page 18]8 wonw um'n autumn:

Mexico, he acted as one of the three American representatives in the joint El Paso Conference, which helped to avert war apparently impending with our sister scate.

As has been pointed out by seveta.‘ of his reviewers, the term 'pacifist' is not the proper designation of Dr. Jordan. He is primarily not a pacifist, but a democrat. He holds that safety against war must be found not in impregnable forts and invincible armies, but in the enlightened hearts of self-govetning peoples. "The success of democratic institutions in America is the greatest single asset of the peace movement, for our colossal nation has developed along lines of popular government and federation." Wars are not conflicts between one specific nation, country or race and anather, but between autocrats who try, by external force, to compel obedience and order and the democrats who aim to perpetuate the true human society by internal personal freedom. And, as a derivative thesis of this fundamental idealistic dottrine, he holds that ”peace can not be secured by mere submission. To lie down before aggression is to accept the doctrine that might makes right, and furthermore to throw open the door to new assaults."

After the declaration of war by the United States, it was quite to be expected that all those who, like Dr. Jordan, had spoken so openly and so forcibly against our armed participuion in the confliCt, should be watched with suspicion, and criticized for every pacific utterance. During the World War, he did, as before. plead for conciliation, arbitration and progressive mediation. But he also said. and said repeatedly: ”We are in the war and we can neither back out nor sidestep. All our energies, therefore, must be bent on the support of the cause espoused by the nation." The conflict actually under way, moreover, he teftained from public criticism, saying: “I believe the time to oppose what seems a wrong policy is before its adoption; and furthermore, 1 shall put no obstacles in the way of men engaged in loyal service."

Meanwhile (191;) in “Ways to Lasting Peace", he reviewed in detail the various proposals alteady put forth for the reconstruction of the world at the ending of the hideous conflict. In “Democracy and World Relations", published on Armistice Day.

[Page 19]DAVID STARR Joann: 19

he furthermore summed up his thought on many problems of the mode"! state as related to its neighbors.

In spite of its “demand for the impossible", Dr. Jordan was \mmgly in favor of accepting the whole Treaty of Peace as l’rcsidcnt W ilson brought it back from Versailles. He was certain Um no one of its provisions was so bad that it was not capable ul mrrcction as the years went by. At that time he wrote: ”The Lu guc of Nations will be what world public opinion makes of it. .mJ in every country public opinion is a long way ahead of the mnc-scrving government. The League gives a chance to talk things over, and to delay violent action. Any sort of a legalized

nnccrn would apparently have made the outset of the great war

mpnssiblc."

Because the socialists in all countries are, in general, opposed z.) violence as a method of settling disputes between individuals , .r nations. he was often mistakenly classed with them. To this he 9 7’ mgly objected. "I would feel no more at home," he said,

.ummg socialists than among capitalists . . . . too much

:Mic ownership seduces initiative and cuts the nerve of private

_ -;r :rprisc." His central objection to the general theory of social'n he has put in one of his characteristically terse epigratns—“No

-- rmmcnt association is possible where drones and workers have

~ gu rl access to the honey cells." Another definite theory he has a 1: h reference to the tarilf. Pratective tariffs he classes among the .;z ;.-r obstacles to friendliness between nations, putting them lnmng the potent standing incentives to was. “Customs houses .. : 1‘ symbols of suspicion and greed, relics of the time when it was " .vuuht to be good economics to make foreigners pay the taxes." As the ultimate corroboration of Jordan's leadership in the .luxc‘ of international amity came the winning in 192.; of the i~‘...phacl Herman Award for the best among six thousand plans - -r world education for peace. This scheme is now about to be r -;r mm operation under the auspices of the World Federation of I fumtion Associations. The plan, instead of setting up a full

‘2 . mm m of education or a course adaptable to the various sections

ml nur educational systems, proposed a seties of faet-linding com [Page 20]2.0 WORLD UNITY MAGAZINE

mittees; the facts being discovered, definite lines of procedure were to be inaugurated. These investigations refer to education for peace in general, the teaching of history, the international use of athletic sports, etc., the current arguments for war as a cosmic necessity, and the import of the Permanent Court of International Justice. The main emphasis, however, is laid on two things: the establishment of an official ”Council of Peace" or ”Bureau of Conciliation" within the Department of State, and (most important of all) the abatement of "standing incentives to war". Here the author of the plan lays his finger upon most urgent and most delicate questions. "Even admitting,” he says, ”that a large and well equipped military force 'will make for victory in case of an attack by jealous neighbors or other imaginary enemies, to what extent dot: it also invite war? ' '

The limits of this article do not permit the enumetation in detail of the many other ways in which David Start Jordan has worked to promote the ideals of world peace and unity. The influence of his powerful and stimulating personality has ruched far beyond this country and this generation. His lectures in America, Europe, Japan and Australis have inspired thousands upon thousands. Some of his writings have been translated into Spanish, French. German and Japanese. And all this effort he has carried on at a great personal sacrifice of time, money and. occasionally. of popularity. To him it was more than a labor of love to hold out and to defend the cause of peace. His place in the movement for world unity is assured for all time to come.

9?

[Page 21]THE WISDOM OF THE AGES

Edited 6]

Amman W. MARTIN Suit!) [w Elli“! Cullen, Nov Yul

lN‘l'lODUCI'OIY

‘ m: purpose of this department is to put before readers of World Unity Magazine selected passages from the sacred

scriptures of the world's great religions, to the end that. through them, the oneness of these religions may be made

umnifcst and their respective conttibutions to world unity in the rhings of the spirit.

The Koran, the Bible of Mohammedanisln, was discovered M a Spaniard. When in 711 the Moors crossed over into Spain u. an northern Africa they brought with them a book for which

‘u‘y made the astounding claim that if every extant copy were to

destroyed, no real loss would thereby be entailed, because an

xt-rlasting copy exists by Allah's thtonc and can be readily re..nnmunicated to men by relays of angels. The book proved to bc

fvc sacred scripture of the Moslems and has long since been

an mlated into the leading languages of Europe.

Next in chronological order came the discovery of the Con:m mn and pre-Confucian scriptuces of China by a group of Getmm» who, about the year 1350, left the fatherland for the Orient m! cvcntually found themselves in a rich and densely populated muntry which they called ”Cathay" but subsequentlv learned to iaignate as China. Here they came upon a literature rich in czlocal content and stressing "business integrity" as a cardinal 2 u x as of the "superioc man". It pcoved to be the {out Books of the t .un'ucian faith and the live Kings which antedated the sage and 51.nl been edited by hint. Together the nine works constitute the \lLer scripture of Confucianism and they, like the Kotan, have lmcn translated into all the chief languages of Europe.

8|

[Page 22]:2. WORLD '0»:er MAGAZINE

It was a Frenchman, Anquetil du Perron, who while browsing in the Imperial library at Paris in 1784 discovered a collection of dust-covcrcd parchment sheets——manuscripts written in the Sanskrit dialect (Pahlevi) and containing part of the Zoroastrian Bible, the Avesta. Eager to' know more of this sacred literature, Anquctil journeyed to thepresidency of Bombay in northwestern India where some ten thousand Zoroastrians dwell—descendants of the fugitives from Persia when, in :648, Mohammedan: ovemn the country and sought to compel the Parsees to become Modems. During three years: residence in the Bombay colony, Anquetil acquired not only knowledge of the language of these sctiptures but also one hundred and eighty additional sheets of manuscripts which, together with the Paris find, constitute all we have of the sacred books of the Zoroastrians.

Next in the chronological sequence of scriptute-dlscoveries comes one made by the British who toward the close of the eighteenth century took possess'ion of India as part of the great commercial enterprise of the “East India Company”. That great business undertaking led to the discovery in 1787 of the oldest portion of what is perhaps the oldest Bible in the world-the Rig—Veda of Hinduism, written in Sanskrit and consisting of 1017 hymns in praise of personified forces and phenomena of Nature. Subsequently the other three Vedas wete discovered—the Sam, the Yaiur and the Athatva—and still later the Annyakas or Forest Meditations and the Upanishads, besides the two great epics of the Ramayana and the Mahabharata, the whole constituting the greatest body of sacred literature identified with any religion.

Finally came the discovery of the three Pitaltas, the Bible of Buddhism, written in the Sanskrit dialect of Pall, containing the

86 sermon-dialogues of the founder. Gowns, together with the

metaphysical substratum of the system and rules {0: the monastic order. of clergy.

Such, in brief, are the ultimate sources, apart from the Old and New Testaments, whence the evidence: for the unity of religions derive; such was the material available for the science of

[Page 23]1'33 WISDOK OF THE AGES 1.}

\ unlparatlvc religion which, proceeding by the orderly method of chrvation and classification, brought to light a succession of u.” prising and significant revelations, culminating in the supreme hwlntlon of a oneness of religions which transcends their dif.' . l i'llCCS. Thanks to the labors of European researchers in this field

ring the second half of the nineteenth century, the following

«.x leading evidences of this unity have been clearly and indisj, ..1t.1 My established 1 l. The universality of all the cardinal qualities of the moral

justice, temperance, truthfulness, love, etc. These, far from

e :mg the peculiar property of any one religion, are inculcatcd in ' . 1; Bible of every religion. Take, for example, the moral sentiment ,, tJIlIUllCity Ol' broadmindedness; the willingness and readiness z » .lellOWlCdgC the worth of religions other than our own. See - MW in the Bibles of the seven living great religions this univer-\..Im' is revealed.

In the Hindu Bible we read: "Altar flowers are of many ~_; m. but all worship is one. Systems of faith differ, but God is , r .t . The object of all religions'is alike: all see]: the object of their

.c. and all the world is love's dwelling place." 'l'he corresponding passage from the Buddhist Bible reads: 1 3:; mot of religion is to reverence one's own faith and never to ' -. 1!; the faith of others. My doctrine makes no distinction be- ~n high and low, rich and poor. It is like the sky; it has room - l.- 4H and like water it washes all alike."

l'hc equivalent of this in the Zoroastrian Bible reads: ”Have

~ s n hgions of mankind no common ground? Broad indeed is the g‘tt God has spread and many are the colors He has given it. mm-ct road I take joins the highway that leads to Him."

'1 he selfsame sentiment appears in the Confucian scripture:

ii; hgions are many and different. but reason is one. The broad: u: in! see the truth in difl'erent religions; the natrowminded see h the difl'crer.-:es."

In the Jewish scriptures it is written: “Wisdom in all ages

.nlgl‘lng into holy souls, malteth them friends of God and proph ’f

[Page 24]2.4 WORLD UNITY MAOAZINB

cts." ”Behold how good and pleasant a thing it is for brethren to dwell together in unity."

Finally in the ,Christian scriptures we find the words: "God hath made of one blood all the nations of the earth." "God is no respecter of persons but in day nation he that revereth Him and worketh righteousness is aceepted of Him."

z. The universality of all spiritual sentiments such as revcrcncc. awe. aspiration, worship, these too, fat from being the exclusive possession of any one system of faith, are found to be common to all. For illustration let us select the spiritual sentiment of trust, the trust that in Felix Adler's phase, "we are not dust merely that returns to dust;" that men's essential spiritual sclfhood does not die with the dissolution of the body; that the stamp of eternality is upon every human soul.

In the Hindu Bible is the command: Go give to the plants and to the \\ aters thy body which belongs to them; but there is an

~immortal portion of thee, transport it to the world of the holy."

In the Zoroastrian Avesta are these sentences: ”At the last day questions will be asked only as to what you have done, not from whom you are descended. I fear not death; I fear only not having lived well enough." From the Pitakas of the Buddhist we have: ”The soul is myself; the body is only my dwelling place."

The Confucian Bible declares: "Man never dies. It is because men see only their bodies that they hate death."

In the Mohammedan scripture we find this passage: "Mortals ask, ‘What property has a man left behind him?‘ but angels ask, 'What good deeds has he sent on before him?’ "

In the Jewish Apocrypha we teaJ: "The memorial of virtue is immortal. When it is present men take example of it, and when it is gone they desire it."

F inally, the Christian scriptures contain the familiar words: “Though our outward man perish, yet is outinwanl man day by day renewed."

3. The universality of the passion for the perfect, for actualizing the ideal, the mental picture of what it is supremely de

[Page 25]131£;‘figlnjfdfl§.!="bf_f"3{1-‘Jy'1umyvl)‘flflmkmfi “emu”: vw- «- i - -«- v A. ~ w- ,

THE WISDOM 01' THE AGES 15

sirable that life should be. In none of the saeted scriptures is this spiritual passion wanting exptession, though varied are the forms it has taken on. Differences of climate, of environment, of education, of racial origin have produced varying expressions of this reaching out for the ideal, so that whether it be the Aztec, inmning before his crudely painted image; or the New Zealandet xquatting befote his feathered God; or the Mohammedan, prosuutc before his mosque; or the Christian, kneeling in prayer to his heavenly Father; or the cosmic Theist, eomnmning with the “infinite, eternal Energy whence all things ptoceed;" or the mundcr of the Ethical movement, meditating on the “Ethical Manifold", conscious of himself as an "infinitesimal part of the mtinitc God, the spiritual universe"—in each case itis the yearn:ug {or a higher and purer type of personal life that has been cxpressed. '

Listen to the Hindu chanting his prayer to Varuna, the god u: Duty, and instantly you recall one of the penitential psalms of

he Old Testament (CXXX), or perchanee the Litany of the

Lpiscopal Church with its pleading refrain: “Have mercy, O Lord. upon us and incline our hearts to keep Thy law." This Hmdu chant is part of the Rig-Veda and was sung by the Rishis pnct-priests) not less than forty centuries ago.

”0 Vatuna, Thou bright and strong God, have ,mercy.

Through want of strength have I gone astray, have mercy, , Almighty, have mercy.

It was not my will that led me astray; wine, anger, dice, thoughtlessness; have mercy, Almighty One.

Not yet, 0 Vamna, cause me to enter the grave; have mercy, Almighty, have mercy.

Absolve us all from the sins of our fathers and from those we ourselves commit.

0 Vatuna, it was necessity, it was temptation—have mercy, Almighty. have mercy!"

4. The universality of the ethical content of the Old Testammt Decalogue is missing in none of the other six Bibles. Nay

[Page 26]2.6 wonu) UNITY MAGAZINE

more. the familiar Ten Commandments may be supplemented by four others; one concerning cleanliness and another touching humaneness both contributed by the Koran; a third supplied by the L‘panishads, enjoining intellectual integrity; and the fourth by the Pitakas, relating to temperance, or the use of Intoxicating drinkmmisslng in the Christian code, its absence deplored by Buddhists and the millions of Christian prohibitionists.

5. The universality of the Golden Rule; its utterance antedated Jesus by centuries and already very ancient in the time of Confucius. Each of the Bibles of the seven living great religions contains a version of the Golden Rule.

' The Hindu: "The true rule is to guard and do by the things of others as you do by your own."

The Buddhist: “One should seek for others the happiness one desires for oneself.”

The Zoroastrian: ”Do as you would be done by."

The Confucian: ”What y on do not wish done to yourself, do not to others."

The Mohammedan: "Let none of you treat your brother in a way he himself would dislike to be treated."

The Jewish: "Whatsoever you do not wish your neighbor to do to you, do not unto him."

The Christian: ”All things whatsoever ye would that men should do unto y,ou do \ e even so to them

6. The unix ersality of the fundamental religious issues—God. duty, immortality. All the sacred scriptures of the world's great religions raise the toot-questions of theism, moral obligation and final salvation, though the mode of dealing with them is in no two instances the same. To borrow an illustration from Herder: the great religions may be likened to the strings of a harp, each of which has its own distinctive note, serving to differentiate it from all the rest.

In Hinduism the note is that of :pirit, repudiating the notion of ”dead" or "inert" matter, on the ground that the universe 18

[Page 27]THE WISDOM OF THE AGES 17

'Fzrliling. throbbing, pulsing with divine energy and meaning. In Buddhism it is renunciation, the stripping from oneself of all ,mhly desire through process of ethical self-discipline. ln Zoroastrianistn it is :piritxal warfare, culminating in the Inmate triumph of the “good principle" at war with the "evil

_, :mciplc" in the universe and calling for the cooperation of all ‘zunmn souls if world-redemption is to be achieved.

(iunfucianism contributes the note of order, bidding man in ...‘ lllb relations to reproduce the beautiful, calm, unbroken order - ‘ \u-s in the solar system.

judaism sounds the note of rightwameu, ringing throughout Old Testament and Apocrypha and most grandly in the 1 ; Thus. ln Mohammedanism we hear the note "islam" meaning -.1 nu mm; the supreme need of every human soul being that of

aulwmisslon to the ”omnipotent and merciful Allah", the

, i v. gnly Sultan, merciful because omnipotent.

( hristianity completes the symphony with its note of love;

. :mlccd that the doctrine of love is absent from the scriptures

' 2‘1: other religions; it is not; but the spiritual genius of Jesus

zhe particular circumstances under which his teaching came

- , the world were such as to give special emphasis and fresh - :prcmtion to the doctrine.

\uth in brief, hare outline are some of the more important fines of the unity of religions as revealed in the sacred SCHP‘

In the next part we shall publish the first of a series of selec ,\ from each of the seven Bibles of the living religions ex

‘xiying the title "The Wisdom of the Ages” carried by this

, .uunent of World Unity Magazine, and in conjunction with

A 1‘: iimup of quotations from these scriptures supply explanatory t..'ncnt and a prefatory introduction.

[Page 28]THE NEW WORLD REVEALED BY MODERN SCIENCE

5: Kn‘rum F. Maura: Demo: o] 6:30;]. Ham's! Ufifl!!!’

“Wlmr be, the Spirit of Truth, is come, be will guide you into all truth." Joint 16:1.)

031' of us take the world very much for _ granted. We

. have ceased to wonder at its marvels; we are not often

confused by its complexities. Many of us were brought

home from the hospital at the tender age of two weeks

in an automobile, and we have been riding in motor cars ever since. The first artificial light that we noticed was the gleam of an

eleCtric bulb; the changing flashes of a Broadway sign attra‘et our .

attention because of their beauty rather than because they express something of man's achievement in the utilization of the forces and resources of nature. Only the radio and the aeroplane are so new that we marvel when we hear a symphony orchestra playing in a distant city or pause to gaze heavenward at the rush of silken wnngs.

With little realization of the contrast between America in the twentieth century and Palestine during the rise and fall of the Jewish Empire, it is not surprising that we find ourselves in great difficulty when we attempt to preserve such religious concepts as those which were developed in that ancient time and distant place. If Christianity or any other religion is to persist into the twentyfirst century as a virile and significant force in human affairs, it must be related K) the world as we know'it and as our grandchildren will find it to be, rather than to the world as it was known to the philosophers of one or two or three thousand years

ago. Whether we like it or not, the fundamentals. of every religion 1.8 .

[Page 29]THE NEW WORLD “VBALBD DY SCIENCE 2.9

-.":‘ mtlay undergoing the most searching examination they have -. l~r had, in the light of the most brilliant and pitiless blaze that tti'e‘l‘ll science can project. To undetstand atight the revolution -, ?;zth has been accomplished in the minds of thoughtful men .smg the last few generations. one must comprehend the fact

.u the world of the pre-scientific age was utterly different from

r}! \K'Urld.

lec, for example, the description of their environment v. 512th would have been given by Moses 01' Joshua or any of the . hunters of earliest Jewish history. For them the universe was \.. t l l \' what it appears to a casual observer to be. The earth was a ..r pinion“, firmly established in the midst of the sea. Joshua - i '. :2» reason to doubt that at some slight distance beyond the Hr thC horizon were the corners of the earth, whence blew the -~. t» The starry vault of the heavens was just what it seems, a "N.Imcnt solidly built like a great massive dome “to divide the , u-‘JI When rain fell, it was because the ”windows of heaven opened" and the water above the firmament was thus petrttt! to spill down into the space below. The sun and moon

ncrcl)’ "lights in the firmament," a ”greater light" for the

.-. .mtl a "lesser light" for the night. Each moved across the . . l at the heavens from East to West, just as they appear to do. ~\ 7: .Imhua had reason to believe that a particular day was of null)- great length, he very naturally assumed that the "sun - i \r 1 II in the midst of heaven." Joshua's world was a tiny and

- ft .nfair, a vest-pocket universe. In striking contrast is the universe revealed by modern aswmy. No longer do the stats look like specks of luminous - .‘x. r hurled by a giant hand against a vaulted sky. Among them my planetary associates of the earth in the solar system. . tht- other planets, the earth moves in an elliptical orbit ml the sun, keeping at an average distance of 93,000,000 \ 1mm that glowing body which contains some 300,000 times , mt h material as the eatth. In comparison the moon is a mere ~m, unly one-eightieth as massive as the earth, and only ~ miles away. It is not a "light" at all, but merely reflects

[Page 30]3O WORLD UNITY MAGAZINE

the light from the sun. Instead of a "world so established that it can not be moved," the earth is now known to be hurtling through space at the rate of twenty miles per second in its haste to complete the circuit of its orbit in the lapse of time which we call a year. We all know now that the length of every day is determined by the speed of rotation of the earth upon its axis; have we not been so taught from our youth up? Although we frequently refer to the sun as "rising in the east and setting in the west," we know pcrfcctly well that it does nothing of the sort, that the appearances which led to that assertion ate a result of the earth's rotation rather than the movement of sun. .

It is not that modern science has taught us to distrust our senses. On the contrary, the very validity of the scientific method itself rests upon the assumption that our senses report to us quite accurately the nature of the world in which we live. Modern science has taught us to doubt the judgment of the casual observer, the hasty conclusion of the unt'utored mind. It has given us instruments of precision for the making of measurements which displace the estimates of the unaided eye. Its telescopes and microscopes tnetely increase the efficiency of the lenses of the eye. its telephones and microphones merely assist the mechanism of the cat. Its records of the past and present merely give us vastly more data on which to base conclusions. Still is the world what it appears to be, but appearances no longer deceive us so completely as they once did.

Our world is a part of an orderly universe, a cosmos of well regulated heavenly bodies, each of which moves in accordance with definite laws and specific regulations. It is far more difficult for us to think of the universe as a result of chance or accident than it was for the patriarchs of olden time. who with even their limited knowledge of its systematic otdetliness saw in it the handiwork of God. The eightplanets in the solar system, together with the scores of tiny planetoids, .called asteroids, all move in orbits which are nearly in a single plane. If we should draw their paths to scale upon the ordinary schooltootn blackboard, each orbit would look like a perfect circle, for the departure of thc

[Page 31]ma NEW woaw 'uvuwn DY scumca 31

1 l Ipscs from circles is in each case so slight that it would be conmined entirely within the width of the chalk line. Moreover, if

\x c should place the sun at the center of the system, modelled to a .i .i lc which would permit the orbit of Neptune to appear on the E Lit-Lhoard. the relations of the various planetary orbits are such Nu: all the members of the solar family could be placed within m_- hoard. a half inch or so in thickness. At no time would any a the planets come out in front of or appear behind the black-.a nl; only a few of the asteroids have sufficiently oblique orbits , permit them occasionally to move out of the narrow confines m cull the front and back faces of the board. Moreover, the solar -- (cm is so systematic that all of the planets revolve in the same ‘Iltk [inn around the sun, and all whose rotation is definitely .. m n spin with forward rather than backward rotation. Neatly ‘: nut quite all the several satellites which like our moon pertain h to its own planet, revolve about their controlling planets

’1 motions which are forward rather than retrograde in reference

‘xc planetary revolutions. Only two or three of the moons

. MM belong to the outer planets break the regularity of the mrm direction of systematic motion.

i :xcd though the sun is in respect to the earth and its fellow mm, it too is in swift motion through space. For it is but one . "m- many stars which form our stellar galaxy. So far as out i z \ .uions go, the pathway of the sun is a straight line, but it is

Hmlwly moving in an elliptical orbit so tremendous that it

.Li require centuries of swift flight at the sun's speed of twelve . s per second for any cutvature to be apparent. Even as the rhl‘ers of the solar system move within a disc-shaped rather .4 :~. .1 spherical portion of space, so the galaxy of stars is shaped . .1 \‘cr_\' flat disc. When we look at the “Milky Way," out gaze ‘2: Ami toward the edge of the disc; between us and the limits ~‘ .- \lcllar galaxy in that ditection there are many stars. When '.:"n iii any other direction we look toward one of the faces of ‘m; between us and the ”side" limits of the galaxy within

H \x e live there are comparatively few stars. 1 )1 \ tances and dimensions within the stellar galaxy ate literally

[Page 32]32. WORLD UNITY MAGAZINE

beyond human comprehension. Though many of the stars are hundreds of times as large as the sun, space and energy rather than mass are the real characteristics of the galaxy. Light, travelling at the rate of about 186,000 miles per second, reaches the earth only about four minutes after it leaves the sun, but the nearest star is so distant that its light leaves it four and a half years before it reaches our eyes. Many of the Stars in the "Milky Way" are so distant that the light which we see twinkling in the heavens tonight left them en route to the earth when the northern states were still imprisoned in the great ice sheets of the Glacial Period, scores of thousands of years ago.

Presumably, many of the other stars have planetary families in their train, even as has the sun, although it is the only star near enough for our telescopes to reveal the presence or absence of attendant planets. Our neighbor, Venus, is probably the only other planet in the solar system on which life, as we know it here upon 'the earth, could exist, but it is to be expected that the environmental conditions characteristic of the earth are approximated on hundreds of the many thousands of planets which are presumably in existence within the galaxy of stars. Nor have we any reason for concluding that life is limited to those creatures which can live only within the rather narrow ranges of temperature, atmospheric constitution, light pressure and other elements which together comprise the mundane environment with which we are familiar. Surely if vital energy displays such ingenuity in developing varied creatures to fit the varied environment which we know here upon earth, it is to be expected that living creatures gnay elsewhere be adapted to environments quite beyond the range of our experience, environments perhaps in which no earthy-born being could possibly exist.

Joshua's vest-pocket universe has expanded until it staggers even our imaginations by its size and splendor and possibilities.

Nor is it a question of the imagination merely. The facts alone are sufficiently impressive. Beyond the limits of the stellar galaxy, other galaxies of Stars are now known to dot the farther reaches of limitless space. So distant are they. that the giant suns which they

[Page 33]1’!!! NEW woun "VBALBD DY acumen 33

,m lude appear to blend together into nebulous wisps of luminous

mmcr which can not be resolved into separate bodies by even the

mm! powerful telescopes. Only by deductions from their spectra

hm we know that they are distant stellar systems. Some are so

r more from us that it requires a hundred million years for light to

1:.n'ersc the intervening space. A universe known to possess such

n.a-.:nifiCcnt distances as that is scarcely less impressive than an

.rt‘milc universe.

This great contrast between the world revealed by modern

,. unnomy and the Old Testament concepts of geography and

‘ .: vcnly bodies is fully equalled when the modern biologic world

\ \ mnparcd with that known to Joshua and his compatriots. The

3\ animals and plants they knew were those native in the hills

,v '. plains of Asia Minor and northeast Africa. Vague rumors con v 'nmg strange monsters which inhabited the seas came occasion . ;\ m the tents and villages of the Hebrew patriarchs, but these

- . .luubtlcss looked upon with skepticism by the conservatives

-' {hat day. The narrow limits within which opportunity for

w; x vation of plant and animal life was thus confined meant

., .1: only a few score of kinds of living creatures were known to

«j'luJ. ”l hese were sharply differentiated species, easily dis - .r.nshable one from another, reproducing each “after his kind' ‘.

h; was nothing incongruous in the thought that a wooden

‘ g; a mid be constructed of such dimensions that it could shelter

, -)x every sort of creature. Evidently the Hebrew patriarchs did

r 2.1 l IZC that plants are just as dependent upon air as are animals.

. . i zhey understood the effect of prolonged submergence upon

vegetation there would presumably have been some mention

_ story of Noah and his ark of the storage of roots and seeds.

How different is our knowledge of the world of plants and

mls! From the jungles of South America, the arid tropics of

~ :mlia. the snow-covered summits of central Asia. the far-flung

.i::.!~ of the sea. strange creatures are constantly brought to en -. nur museum collections and swell the already bursting flood

' mung species. A hundred thousand distinct species of beetles

.4: mm thousand kinds of mammals, forty-five hundred species

[Page 34]34 WORLD uxmr MAGAZINI

of ferns. a thousand kinds of deep-sea fishes, but start the huge catalog which is daily increasing in numbers. All told, at least a million species of animals and plants are living in Our World. have been named by patient scientists. and are listed in scientific libraries.

As might be inferred, the task of classifying and naming this bewildering assemblage of creature: is not the simple job which . Adam had when he "gave names to all cattle, and to the fowl of ., the air, and to every beast of the field." But it it not the number " of forms that makes the real trouble; serious dificulties arise when it is found that the sharp distinctions which shouted aloud when only a couple hundred animals were known disappear completely when the roll expanded. Animals and plants are not arranged in isolated compartments like the pigeon-holes of the old-fashioned roll-top desk. Complete intergtadations between "species" are constantlycotning tolight. Even theapperent gulf between the plant and animal kingdom: it now known to be bridged by creatures which are truly "plant-animals". No longer is the biologist able to give a satisfactory definition of the word “species". He now knows that the term connotes an artificial gtoup selected from a continuous stream of constantly varying and petfectly blending individuals. Only when our knowledge of the organisms about us was far short of being ttuly representative was the “species concept" a wholly satisfaCtory one. Today the cleavage between the "splitters" and the "lumpen" among biologists is nearly as subversive of good-fellowthip at it the cleavage between "fundamentalists" and ”modernittt" among Christians.

To tangle still further the web of life, we now know that organisms do not reproduce at rigidly "after their kind" at was formerly supposed. At least eight thousand distinct vatietiet of toses have been pmducetl from the mere handful of mu: species with which florists began to work. Give a cabbage plant n "college education" and it becomes a cauliflower. Send a seedy orange to Luther Burbank's training school and the mvel outage is' ' developed. Pigeon-fanciets have produced from the wild clove a hundred varieties of pigeons. some of which ate at unlike as the

[Page 35]flu m wont) umun IY same: 3;

punter and the fan-tail. The plasticity thus displayed by many kinds of animal and plant life adds a new significance to the command to man that he should ”have dominion over every living thing that moveth on the face of the earth." Modem knowledge of the world of living things gives an almost limitless opportunity to mankind.

An analogous leveling of barriers has marked the more tecent progress of all our scientific thinking. Just as botany and zoology overlap when the protozoa and the ptotophyta are found to merge in the "plant-animals", so physics and chemistry join hands in the investigation of the intimate structure of the atom. As never before, science is impressing us with the essential unity of r!-.is universe which in spite of its name has seemed to many folk to have an essentially dual nature. Even this early in the developmcnt of the science of psychology it is becoming evident that the ' 'nuural history of man is the whole history of man." No longer u there a wide chasm between the natutal and the supernatural.

‘ hctwccn the matetial and the spiritual. In spite of the handicaps of mm vocabularies and the limitations of our mental vision we are [wing led inevitably into the tanks of the monists.

Man is nos a creature from another plane or sphere, spendin g a mu” fraction of his existence in the strange environment of the

mh. playing a brief role as an actor on a foreign stage before

ntcring the environment for which he is truly fitted. He is dis:zztctly an offspring of Old Mother Eatth, this is his home; here

.\ his natural environment.

Joshua's World was made expressly fat man. Everything in it

a .u designed especially to contribute to his welfare or to punish tun when he incurred the displeasure of his god. He occupied the mum“ of the tall pinnacle o! superiority, not’hecause he had won

' -\ way to that ptoud eminence, but because he had been placed ' '. ~ I c by the Creator. The locality where he lived was the center of " .- universe; sun, moon and stars revolved around him and it. . whua's concept of man's place in nature has lingered long in ~ ‘. ;‘ minds of his descendants; echoes of that concept are still with

[Page 36]36 WOILD UNITY MAOAZINI

us. Did net Linnaeus give the name ”Primates" to that order of mammals which he defined as including man?

But Our World is not so flattering. "What is nun that thou art mindful of him?" has a new meaning since Betelgeuse was measured. In geologic time, man has lived for but a moment in the earthly day. In astronomie space, he is a speck of foam on the crest of a single wave in the midst of a Pacific Ocean. The earth is neither the smallest nor the biggest, the hottest nor the coldest, the most central nor the most remote among the planets of the solar system. Presumably there are many other similar bodies in the heavens. Except for the fact that you and late on its surface, there is nothing expecially distinguished about it. The sun is just an ordinary stat. There are many larger, many smaller; many hotter, many colder; many brighter, many duller. Presumably many of its neighbors in the heavens have fully comparable planetary dependants in their train. The stellar galaxy is but one of the many far-flung aggregates of stars. So far as we are aware, it may he duplicatcd many times in space. Only our presence for a brief span of years upon this insignificant earth gives importance to one particular star in one of many galaxies of stars.

There is no reason for assuming that human life is the most superior expression of the vital impulse which the universe has yet achieved. It is scarcely likely that the Administration of the Universe has staked all on this one type of life in this one locality. Perhaps on some distant planet the achievements of the Universal Spirit far outstrip anything that man has yet attained. But for us, Our World in this particular geologic epoch gives The Opportunity. l t is Man's hour; the pile is almost in his grasp. Dominion over his fellow-creaturcs is for all practical purposes his; mastery over the forces of inanimate nature is well-nigh assured; only Self. individual and aggregate, remains to be subdued. Our World is not a furnished stage on which the puppet man enacts a role; it is a challenge to the best in man to overcome all handicaps and emerge successful in the attempt to achieve a truly satisfactory life.

In Joshua's World anything could happen. Magic played a

[Page 37]‘flll m WORLD “VIALBD DY SCIENCE 37

1111111 important part in everyday life. Happenings were determined 111- the caprice of ruling powers whose whims and intentions 111111-11 from day to day. Ours is a world of law. Effect follows ..1 1111- with unvarying relations. Order and regularity reign where 1111111crly magic and caprice held sway. The law of gravity operates 1.11-1111essly, the same yesterday, today and tomorrow, regardless 111 bribe or entreaty. In the pre-scientific world the forces of nature were under the 111-111 and immediate control of supernatural beings who used 1111111- {orces to wreck their vengeance upon certain unfortunate or 1111111y individuals or to add to the physical prosperity of their 1111111- fortunate or more "righteous" brethren. Jove hurled his 111111111crbolts with deadly accuracy upon any human being who

11 mm! his displeasure. Jehovah drowned all the men and women

-~1 11.111 made. except Noah and his family, because of their wicked1:111 Sodom and Gomorrah were destroyed by fire and brimstone .-1.11-11 out of heaven because not even ten righteous men could be ..... 1' 1n those cities. On the other hand, the gods made easy the

11: '1 111 those whom they favored; with gentlemanly kindness

11-11;. overlooked the shortcomings of their favorites. Food was -:..1:1cally supplied in a barren wilderness, even though the chosen

1,11;~11- ofttinies strayed from the path of righteousness. The

j~.:..111y was different for "him that sinneth through ignorance" 111.1 '1 {or "the soul that doeth ought presumptuously. " But Our World plays no favorites. The rain falls alike upon lust and the unjust. Volcanic eruptions and earthquakes result

-1 the operation of inflexible natural laws which can not be

- 111141-11 in the slightest by the morality or immorality of the .111.111 inhabitants of the locality. To be sure, in 1906 there were a . suggestions from certain pulpits of the land that San Fran11' s tragic earthquake was a just retribution for the sins of its ~r1~ns. but that only bears out the observation that long- 1.1111ch ideas die hard. Few people nowadays would claim that ~- . .11 wealth and material prosperity are an indication of righteous ~;1 1111-1, while poverty and want are the customary accompani. 1111 of violation of the moral code. Experience indicated un [Page 38]38 won!) UNITY uaoazmn

mistakahly the fact that ignorance of the law excused no man. Lack of knowledge of the relation between the anophelea mosquito and the germs of malaria does not ptotect the ignorant from the ravages of that disease.

The automobile is symbolic of Our World. It goes, or refuses to go, without any reference to the piety or volubility of its driver. Unless there is gasoline in the tank, oil in the motor, clccuicity in the battery, unless every necessary connection is made. the proper switches turned, the right adjustments made, it will not start; nor will-entreaties, prayeta or profanity make any difference with the machine. ltmatters not whether the occupants of the car are en route to a petting party at a roadside ion or are on an errand of mercy to cheer a loved one in a city hospital, the mechanism operates just the same, in accordance with the purely mechanical principles on which its effectiveness depends.

But the symbolism does not stop there. The automobile obeys the motions of the man at the steeting wheel. Even so, mankind collectively is in charge of Our World. He can drive it whither he will. The responsibility rests fairly and squarely upon human shoulders. 11' the driver is drunk, crazed, ignorant or asleep. the machine will end in the ditch; if he is clear-eyed, intelligent, alert and careful, disaster can be safely avoided.

Our World is vast, beautiful and impressive; yet are we not satisfied with it. We know that thete is much toom for improvement; we yearn for a better world in which all men may have more abundant opportunity to live a more truly satisfactory life. If our symbol holds good, two things are prerequisite to the attainment of that better world. We must know the regulations which control the mechanism to that we will have full power over the machine; we must select the right goal toward which to steer Our World and find the right toad thither. The first involves the training of the human intellect and the extension of the scientific method of research until all the intticaciesof out physical environment are discovered. The second involves the training of the human heart and the extension of the spirit of Motherhood until all out selfish interests are aubiugated by the desire {or the

[Page 39]Till NEW WORLD REVEALED DY SCIENCE 39

welfare of all men everywhete. Neither the trained intelleCt nor the loving heart can "save the world” alone, both are needed, clsc humanity must fail. The problems of life are not yet solved. Still in we know only in part. The new world revealed by modern at Icncc fling: a challenge to meet which man must summon every mourcc of mind and heart and soul. Among these resources none is more intetesting than that . :x- h :ch has made modem science so ellicient an agent for the utilizamn of natural forces and material resources. In this New World

u-g scientific method stands approved, vindicated by experience;

2 less it is applied to the problems of religion. the theologian can

no: expect to make any permanent gains in the midst of modern 4. 2x xlxzation. The scientific method involves certain specific habits of mind, .1 gpmiculat intellectual attitude toward the universe. When a man “x scichC approaches a problem he expeCts to make use of certain ypunciples, among which is the principle of causal rclationsrfor -. :ry effect there must he an adequate cause. There is also the .-: :m‘iple of uniformity in nature; the same fotces operating upon --;c mne things under the same conditions will always produce "'._ mne result. And possibly most elfcaive of all is the principle

multiple working hypotheses: in attempting to discover the

~ ..1 muse of any observed condition or effect, every possible cx‘ ulJtiol‘l should be given full consideration. Sometimes a lead a 1 all appears at first glance to be hopeless, when followed clear - ~ m and is the clue to the problem's solution. The man of science never considets any problem as finally . «mi. The "last word" has never yet been said about anything. = wm lusions reached and laws formulated by one set of investiga: .ll‘c always subject to renewed inspeCtion and critical study ' - any other group of scientists. To have the products of one's .-.x 11 research critically examined by another is no indication of lurcxpcct; it is rather a nutlt of highest honor. On the other moi, when the scientist finds that a large number of observable n of nature are explained by a reasonable statement of a process 4 .l relationship, and especially if many fun am known when

[Page 40]4O WORLD UNITY MAGAZINE

that statement was formulated are later found to be in harmony with it. he feels he has a right to place great confidence in that statement as a true one. Thus he has come to respect a great number of su-ealled theories and natural laws. His belief in them, um‘e firmly established and amply justified by observations and experiments. is not easily shaken.

The search for knowledge in that frame of mind has been richly rewarded. Nature seems ready to reveal her choicest secrets to the patient and humble investigator. Knowledge thus gained has made man powerful. The last half century has witnessed remarkable progress in the task of ”subduing the earth". The practice of these scientific habits of mind has literally revolutionized the world.

Bitt the scientific method is really nothing new. Its use, albeit faltering and rare. dates back beyond the dawn of recorded human history. Huxley’s instructions to the investigator, "Sit down be{urc a fact as a little child; be prepared to give up every preconceived notion; follow humbly wherever and to whatever abysSes nature leads," were paralleled by the thought in the mind of Jesus long ago, when he remarked, “Let the children come to me; do not try to stop them, for the Kingdom of God belongs to such as they. I tell you, whoever does not accept the Kingdom of God like a child shall not enter it at all.” The scientific principle of multiple working hypotheses is but a practical application of the advice which Paul sent once to his followers in Thessalonica: "Prme all things; hold fast that which is good."

It is in such an attitude as this that man must summon the newly gained knowledge of his material environment to aid in solving the manifold problems inherent in his lack of knowledge of the spiritual phases of the world in which he lives.

9?

[Page 41]THE NEW HUMANITY

“H’it/mu! (difiru or rule: or trust“; or sm} urgummt, The institution of tire dmr [arr Of comrades."

Edited by MARY SIEGRIST

omu has its home in the timeless. What is it but a breath

from the finer cthcrs of "worlds before and after”? Because

it is drawn from the One Life and holds in itself this essence

of mysterious Being, it is able to body forth in those regions

w ?:crc prose halts, the prophetic hopes and aspirations of all men,

.xH races, in all ages. It is the record of man's divine Odyssey.

‘2 .1 ys it rcdiscovcts and recreates itself and the world.

"We (pocts)," says Tagore, "arc the true renounccrs, bc.s .\C change is out very secret. We lose in order to find. We call to nrmnc to carry his joys and sorrows lightly, in a rhythmic .s.nurc. Our call is the Renouncct's ull."

5mm: <1. - m; "a".

‘3}: '3'?!“ '5!!

Em kmch by an appointed hand, unsccn Ye! sure, “1 hob" air, \‘x'c wander as a wind, silver and free, .\ ;:h on: song in heart, we, the, children of prayer.

,1.

\ hr mng is not of a city's fall;

Liughtct of a kingdom bids our feet wait;

~ hr hcart is away, with sun, wind and rain;

'3 the shadowy roamcts on the holy highway.

2 34 g 's 3:4 5%

The Pilgrimage

You: Nooucm

[Page 42]41 WORLD UNITY HAGAZINB

And when He comes into the world gone wrong He will rebuild her beauty with a song.

To every heart He will its own dream be!

One moon has many phantoms in the sea.

Out of the North the news will cry to men: “Balder the Beautiful has come again!"

The flutes of Greece will whisper ftom the dead: "Apollo has unveiled his sunbright head!"

The stones of Thebes and Memphis will find voice: "Osiris comes: 0 tribes of Time, reioiif'e!"

And social atchiteCts who build the State, Serving the Dream at citadel and gate, ‘

Will hail Him coming throughtthe labor-hum, And glad quick cries will go from mm to man: "Lo. He has come, Out Christ the Artisan— , The King who loved the lilies, He has come!"

He will attive, out Counselor and Chief.

And with bleak {aces lighted up will come

The earth-worn mothers from their martyrdom, To tell him of their grief.

And glad girls caroling from field and town Will go to meet Him with the laboe-etown, The new crown woven of the heading wheat. And men will lie down at His sacred feet;

And He will say—the King .' 'Come, let us live the poetry we sing!"

And these. His burning words, will htealt the banWords that will grow to be,

On continent, on sea,

The rallying cry of man. . .

Th Deu'u 0/ Nation: EDWIN MAIKIIAM

[Page 43]m m HUMAN"? 43

Races will be elfaced in the New World. Speak not of races. The drops of difl‘erent seas are like.

Half of human life passes on the astral plane but men do not remember.

Men search foe knowledge but perceive it not.

Blessed are you who comprehend the knowledge of the future and its ever chenging outlines.

lh love shall you learn the boundaries of the new order of life.

[he miracle of petception into the future shall come without the sound of cannon.

But the bell will summon each wayfarer lost within the forest.

(.unSldCf the manifestations of My Shield'as predestined.

(,unsidcr the manifestations of wisdom in the new generation as happiness.

< nnsidcr the manifestation of enlightenment in men as a step towards the New World.

( unsidcr Our Manifestations as the hour of the World Guardians.

Hut observe Our Commandments.

} ulfill Our Message.

K now to bring Light.

\uJ understand to manifest the grandeur of Ieamty.

Hut (0 the wings that have touched the sun,

1m to the coarser before sunrise,

km to the song which filled midnight,

i M way is not a terrible and cruel one.

\n J the star is close to those who have found the Terraphim. .\ smile should be sent to the stars.

Leave: of Magi: Garden

[Page 44]THE SCIENTIFIC AND RELIGIOUS DRIVE TOWARDS UNITY

5!

Hanan Anoumus MILLER Department of Sociology. Obie 3m: Ulu‘wm'o

uaxca is concerned with description and religion with ex hortation. Science deals with things as they ate and re ligion emphasizes things that ought to be. The principles

of science are inexorable and inevitable. Science formulates the laws of natural processes, though the processes occur just the same whether they are formulated or not. Nevertheless an understanding of the laws of science helps greatly in accelerating movement by mere acquiescence.

A friend of mine said recently that he was becoming an optimist abqut the inevitable. This may be taken as the text for what I shall say about science.

The first principle of science is its universality. Its validity does not depend on time, or place, or source of origin. No one cares whether Einstein was a German or a Frenchman, Jew or Gentile, and, as a German Jew, whether he was a Zionist or an anti-Zionist so far as acceptance of the theory and its application is concerned. In the field of medicine we accept the fact that quarantine is not a matter of patriotism. and that nations must unite on matters of quarantine because germs pay no attention to patriotism. and do not recognize frontiers. For that reason the medical section of the League of Nations has from the beginning had popular support, even from most ardent anti-Leaguers, and America has a tepresentative in this section. 0

For convenience we define science as of two sorts: natural and social. Natural science deals with physical phenomena. The Einstein theory, biological theories, the laws of electricity, chemistry And aeronautics. for example, belong in the field of natural science.

[Page 45]THE KIBNTIHC AND “UOIOUI DRIVE TWA“ UN!" 45

In addition to its universality and objectivity which make localisms in science absurd, science has done a great deal to acIclcrate communication which is the fitst necessity in bringing the world into unity.

In Europe, as H. G. Wells has said, the size of nations was Iit‘it'fllllnCd by the distance a king and his army could travel on IIIIrscback. The development of the railroad and telegraph made

nth areas unnecessary, but the radio and the aeroplane made I 11‘!“ impossible. No barrier for the prateCtion of sovereignty I I add stop the sound waves of the opera which I saw being broadI .m from the Great Theatre in Moscow, nor keep me from hearing III Lithuania good English sent out from London.

The aeroplane has thrown into confusion the frontiers of the II. Irscback-sized countries. The transatlantic flights have not only IhrI‘llcd people, but have filled them with a vague understanding IEIII old values and systems are passing away. The reorganization

I: the world as a result of natural science does net mean that .III iutistn may not be aroused at any time and begin using science I . promote the fighting machinery. War and irrationality have I mus been companions.

Far-reaching and of inestiInable possibilities as is the develop??IL‘HI of natural science, social science will be even mate revolum Ill.lf_\'. Plato and Aristotle gave important hints of the direction

which social science might go, but it is practically within our

’qncration that any real progtess has been made in laying the

, IIIIIJations for social science. Even yet it is more promise than

.MIIIIIplishment. There is a great lack of data and much un_I:.Iinty as to method, but, even so, much that has been taken for - mm! for ages has been overthrown In a day

lames Harvey Robinson In his book 'The Mind In the Ma]: ' '. using psychological analysis, that would have been im: mIble a few years ago, shows that most of the pet notions

ZIIth have dominated the conduct of people are rationalizations‘. m .i that those which have been held longest and most widely ate "I: most likely to be wsong, for the very reason that justification '-.u been sought rather than truth.

[Page 46]46 woaw 1mm moans:

The wide significance of science has made it easy for both writers and their readers to be led into pseudo-acience in their zeal to make all things simple. Two such popular writers are Wiggam, whose Deealogue of Science has seemed to many a substitute for the Bible, and Stoddard whose Rising Tide of Color and other books have such an appearance of scientific soundness that the fact that they have used the scientific vocubalary to plead a cause is often lost sight of.

According to Dorsey, who is more generally accepted as a real scientist. in his book "Why Men Behave Like Human Beings". much that they say is pure bunkuln. Until the psychologists, physiologists, anthropologists and sociologists had collected datait was impossible to say conclusively whether there were differences between races or not. If there were, no genuine human unity could he hoped for. Now there is praCtical agreement that there are no significant differences.

If it were possible to show that some racial and national stocks are inherently superior to othets the basis for patriotism and the development of armaments for the putting over of the particular race or country might have a justification.

There is now practically universal agreement among scientists that all the races and both sexes are essentially equal in capacity. But common sense had not been able to make that discovery even with regard to women. Without science any prejudice may become final. A fundamentalist in religion or politics merely stakes a belief against a belief. But an agevold prejudice may be punctuated in a moment by science. Any child can now [stove that the earth is not flat. and psychological tests can show the equality of men, women and races.

hat year I was at the University of Stanthoul in Constantinople where I talked with the class in sociology. About half of the class were girls. Five years before there hatl not been a single girl in the university. now in the College of Arts they were half girls. and although they were all Mohammedan. they had bobbed hair and short skirts and would have been indistinguishable from

[Page 47]'l'lll acum'mc AND ”"0100! DI!“ IOWA” UNITY 47

my students at Ohio State University. We happened to get to talking about the woman's movement at an example of the social process, and one of the git]: said: “Of course we do not think there is any difference in the capacity of men and women.”

Race prejudice was perfectly nonnal when people: of different color first came into contact because they had in theit aepatate habitats developed difl’etent cultutea, and to unscientific obtetvatiun they seem to possess dill'etent capacities. The culture that \ccmctl to be tnpetioe has generally assumed tonne divine intention m the superiority, and has been eager to go town to demonattate Its interpretation of Destiny.

We are making beginnings of paycho-analysis of war and patriotistn and other font: of mass action which show the mau‘unality of such mast conduct. 1 must repeat that many of our nndings are still only tentative, but we are making beginnings whose validity cannot be denied, and gradually the conclusions will permeate the thinking of people who will accept then: just .l\ they have accepted the roundneaa of the eatth.

The millennium is not going to come immediately because of thcsc scientific method: and discoveries which I have only hinted it rather than described. but there it a good deal of future to he munted on, and our optimism must he based on the ditection in which we see things moving. I visited the Citadel at Angora. the mmlcl'n capital of Turkey. The new town is bustling with energy, Pm the mined wall which is at least fifteen hundred years old has “-Ullt into it marble from Greek temple: that pteceded it by a ahuusand years, and I looked from the top out over the plain at 'nnunds that had been built by Hittite: centuries earliet. At that

mmcnt I got over my {nenzy to get everything accomplished Ill ' n decade. The interest of society is not to get a benevolent

.~pot who will make this generation happy and the next one

mxxcrablc, but some foundations that will endure. The millennium

not very neat. but modern science shows us that there is an .-~. écrstandable possibility of a world unity, and “56:10“! science r“:rt is no understandable possibility.

What has been happening in science has been happening in a

[Page 48]48 WORLD tmmr amounts

difi'erent way in religion. The problem of religion is the same for everyone and all time. Here we are finite in space, time and quality, and yet we have the concepts of the infinite in space and time, and perfecrion in quality. The bridge between our present tangible finiteness and that which we conceive beyond it is what religion is made of. The problem is the same for the heathen who bows down to wood and stone and for the modern philosopher who rejects all superstition.

Every people has tried to formulate a way of meeting these problems. In their isolations tribes and nations have made provincial dogmas which seemed to them to be ultimate, and for which they have time and again gone to war. But everywhere the tribal theologies and tribal divinities were bent on solving the same problems of adjusting a finite individual to a' larger universe than people themselves could comprehend.

In the University of Moscow, I visited the class in Evolution. One earnest student after I had asked some questions, asked me if I would tell them about the evolution trial in Tennessee as they were very much interested. And again in Cairo I was talking with some devout but liberal Mosleins and they said, "Of course we have our people like your Mr. Bryan, but in the long run liberalism will win." These two examples indicate the interpenetration of religions ideas.

The multitude of contacts of peoples is making religious provincialisln in the old sense more and more impossible, especially as it is being accompanied by scientific and philosophical discussion. When nations were isolated state religions were inevitable, but except temporarily and incidentally this can never be general again in the old sense. I was calling on Bishop Nieholai, a very spiritual clergyman of the Greek Orthodox Church whom I had known before I was connected with a State University. When he saw where I now was he expressed his regrets, saying that the late war was the product of the state universities of Germany, because their graduates who ruled Europe were anti-religious. My own conviction was that the anti-religion was the result of a state university where there was an olfieial state religion, and in [Page 49]" 1 .. _. J , 'flIB SCIIN'I'IFIC AND “UOIOUI DRIVE TOWARDS UNITY 49

tellectually free students react against a stereotyped religion. My opinion was confirmed by the Atchbiahop of Bulgaria who attributes the ineligion of that country and other countries in which these it an official connection between the church and state to the fact that the state always use: the chuteh for political purposes.

In most states, since the war, there has been a separation of religion from government, and religion is now obliged to stand on its own merits. There has been much criticism of the treatment of the Church by the Soviet government, but I am sure that genuine religion has been greatly helped by what it has done. With no political prop to lean on the various religions must look to their vittuea in their competition with othet religions. This is a new factor in world alfaita. One of the most valuable thing: that could have happened to Chtistianity is that it must now compete with Mohammedaniam. I think that in all ptobability the Turkish revolution will prove to have an importance comparable to that of R usaia because it has released to modem influence tome 150,000,000 peoplc.Turkcyllusuycd Mohammedan.bnt it has madeacomplete scpa ration of religion from the state. While the test of the Mosleln world resents the ruthless way Turkey has dealt with Moslem tradition, nevettheleat het example is bound to be followed. I knew so little about Mohammedanism that I asked every intelliitcnt Mohammedan I met if it were possible for Mohammedan: to accept modem science and progress and stay devout, and the answer always was: "PerfeCtly."

One 0! the significant things about the Mosleln world is its location. Within it all races meet—white, black, blown and \‘cllOW, and they come from Europe. Asia, and Africa. In view of x h c developingcontciouaneaa ofrace it is of incalculable significance xlut within the Mohammedan religion there is no race ptobletn. ( hristianity only pteaehea what Islam practices. Among Mo!unnnedans other Mohammedan: are brothers.

We are reaching the point whete all intelligent people of the \\ mld ate at about the same place. They talk the same language \\ uh regard to spiritual values and accept the same science. I had

[Page 50]l __.H, ,it--- --.___-_-_.__

asked two Moslein Sheiks who had written religious books my question about modernism,and later they asked me how the modern sociologist dealt with behavioristn and psycho-analysis. People who talk the same language may keep their various symbolism without conflict.

It is an intetesting fact that the American missionaries in Turkey are not allowed to teach religion, but instead of being discouraged about it most of them find a new opportunity. What they have had to do was to find a technic by which they can teach what is just as true to Mohammedanism as it is to Christianity, and not to try to make Christians by subterfuge, but to make better Mohammedans by showing that the things that are common to all religions are more important than the things that are different.

I told the Mufti of Jerusalem, who is president of the Supreme Mosletn Council, that if the Arabs wished to compete with the Jews, to whom he is very hostile, they must do it on the level of the University which the Hebrews have founded on Mount Scopus, and he said they knew it, and had already made a beginning of a University in Jerusalem, but that for the ptesent they wete vety well served by the American Univetsity at Beitut. I found at this University that with a strong Christian urge they were ttying to make better Mosletns, and that they had a Kosher kitchen for Orthodox Jews.

We might speak of the universal appeal of the religious teachings of Ghandi who' is eclectic in his sources of inspiration. It will take a long time for these new approaches to religion to petnieate the gteat masses. but such permeation is inevitable.

The oneness of scientific truth and the univetsality of teligious experience and problems, as they become more and more apparent, make impossible a return to the basis of tribal conflict which has chatactetized the world of the past, and, whether we la; 0: not, is driving as to a unity which could only have been dreamed of a

generation ago.

[Page 51]THE WORLD OUTLOOK ‘1

House: Hon.“

In: tense anxietyof ptimitive mn,depending upon the outcome of physical processes beyond his control, tetutns

again as an experience fat subtler but no less vital to the

modern world. Lnlled during genmtions which had lentncd to control nature and substituted belief in progress for magic rite and sacrifice, the sense of unempable responsibility once more quicken: in hearts sensitive to the implications of the daily news. The environment of nature has been displaced by the environment of men, but out relation to this new and higher reality. our understanding of it, is primitive and instinctive. We await social events a helplessly as early nun confronted the inscrutable destiny of the stars.

Awareness of these implications compels more and more people to resist the opiates of petsonal indifl'erence and the false stimulus of exclusive gtoup ambition. Fundamental instincts of the human son] are reasserting themselves as the thick fog of tradition lifts and disclose: the true character of the human problem. By revealing unfevonble physical conditions, pain ptoves itself wholesome and is an indicition oftesetve strength. Similatly, w holohcal‘tcd concern at the world outlook is evidence of spiritual vitality at a time of univeml traniition when not metely new cxpcdients but new aspects of being are tequited. Such deep and rcvcrcnt anxiety, fat from expeessing pessimism 0t unfitness, shows mnh the powet of the human soul to adjust itself to a seties of influences more delicate, more significant and mom decisive than any which history records. A people without sense ofmgedy x» a people without capacity to survive.

We await social events helplessly because the initiative in

precipitating the most important issues lies with the negative 1|

[Page 52]st WORLD UNI" UACAIINI

elements, prejudice, hatred and feat, rather than with the positive elements of undetstanding, sympathy and cooperation. The most backward of countries can set on font a train of conditions producing the bitterest consequences for the most enlightened. Political authority even within civilized lands wastes its precious powers placating implacable minorities when positive accomplishments are crying out to be undertaken on every hand. At the present stage of evolution, moral vision takes in so slight a portion of reality that even sincere national patriotism seems a burden tolerable only in crucial hours.

This prevalent moral nearsightedness comes as penalty for having concentrated interest and efi’ort upon the needs of the immediate group. Only by slow diffusion and with fatal distortion can larger needs sift through to the perception of the average man. The result is that institutional relationships stand between ptactically all individuals and their fellownien. Established under conditions of separation and strife, impelled by the power of a tradition developed by those conditions and actively auctioning them, the most powerful and venetable institutions throughout the world motivate their membets with negative impulses and false ideals, maintaining forms of opposition and sepatation not instified by the human realities and creating consequences by which these realities must be gtievously betrayed.

The magnificent sense of freedom and power for further achievement released by conquests in the field of applied science thus becomes mete braggart assettion when bnought ovet into the domain of human relations. For all its glittering mechanisms, modem society is nothing better than an unstable balance among bodies controlled by moral anatchy,_Powet divorced from true responsibility. authority sunderetlvfrom world vision—the consummation of human action under such conditions is conflict and chaos.

While every genmtion undergoes readjustment to some new social factor. never before, apparently. has the entire world sewed as a laboratosy of simultaneous change. The westward star of empire has disappeared with the rising of a burning sun which with [Page 53]11!: won.» ounoox 53

out distinCtion fertilized new hopes, new desires and new demands in all social groups East and West. Instead of any one predominant race carrying the torch of progress and compelling some degree of order within the area reached by its flickering beams, we have many and divene center: of influence, not one of which can secure complete mastery over the others. The people regarded as weakest from the political or military point of view may possess tome natutal resource or some eteative spirit which, in the complex scheme of modern life, restores the balance.

The extent of ptesent-day readjustment, howevet, is by no means measured Inme by tefllllng it international or worldwide. Were humanity stifled simply by demand for political equality, the collective mind could have solved the ptobletn ere now. That particular problem has remained unsolved precisely because the general unrest will not focus exclusively upon any one definite ideal. The ideal it longs for is diverse, mingling many elements Other than political progress. It: diversity is indicated by reference tu the new movements initiated dating the past two generations, whose range of aims and methods reflects stirring: and longing: not less economic than political, not less cultural than economic, anJ not less teligioua than cultutal. Every degree of ptogtess in .m y of these realms is seized and employed as a tool to bring about progress in othet tealnis; it is not regarded, except by a few specialms. as an end in itself.

The more one studies the psychology of modernism and learns m appreciate the emotional resources sustaining these new programs of progress and tefonn the more one realizes that what we term transition or unrest has no organized channel but runs as broad and deep as life itself. Such a force cannot be damned by devices of legislation nor satisfied by any external result. It is an mncr awakening which grows by what it feeds upon, and intensincs under apparent defeat.

Conftonting vast movements that sweep wavelike across the \uriacc of society, East to West. West to East. we can only feebly guess at the sheet power of this human sea. Who can make any xcsul! by adding together forces and enemies opetating on wholly

[Page 54]54 WORLD UNITY MAGAZINE

different planes, qualitatively unlike as music and chemistry, mysticism and organized sport, invention and a national sense of frustration? The old quantitative yardstieks do not apply, and immersed as we ate each in his own specialized activity and experience we register metely the by-ptoducts of change, as an anchored ship moving up and down with the tides.

Unable to measure the energy, we cannot arbitrarily set any point at which the movements will cease and transition be fulfilled. An aroused humanity is totally unlike an aroused national group or race, for the latter body is held in unity by pressure from without, while the former is subject to every manner of pressure from every direction within and without at the same time. The sources of change today are in fact hidden within the depths of human being; until we know what man is in his perfection, our efforts to resist or control world change will be tragic or vain.

For those who prefer understanding to domination, the essential seems to be to realize that the present is not merely the past in repetition on a larger scale. It is rather the .past stimulated and released. It is history extended from a cycle of physical action to a cycle of mental action. Humanity has entered upon the unprecedented task of self-discovery and self-control, of attainin g an organic solidarity utterly removed from the sterile uniformities suffered in the past. And nothing can check this profound, universal movement from its consummation, any more than an icebound landscape can overcome the sun in spring.

The fact is, we know much about nature but verylittle about ourselves, for the individual can only be fulfilled by and in the organic solidarity of mankind. We have learned the least and the worst about humanity, since our knowledge of men is praCtically confined to their relationships to external mechanisms and activities. That men become embittered by subjection or savagely enraged by war does not illuminc the subject of man. It merely illumincs the subject 'of subjection and war. If arsenic kills, this fact refers to arsenic more than to the humanconstitution. True knowledge is reference from capacity for perfection, not reference from details of imperfection. Every human responsibility. how

[Page 55]"13—1“. u-ur a .

THE WORLD ouuoox 55

ever, has been mastered except that of association in unity, and this new responsibility stands as the mystery of the present age.

It seems therefore inadequate to judge of any phase of the world movement as exclusively an expression of political, economic or any other limited social science. Unrest in its true sense discloses a more or less suddenly stimulated need on the part of groups large or small for justification as human beings, no matter how this spiritual element may be obscured by technical methods or specific claims. What we perceive if we look deeper into causes is a general insistence by races, nations, religions and classes that each shall no longer be misunderstood. The mask which every group has imposed upon other groups, with its fixed conventional grimace of stupidity or hate, its essential inhumanity, has been discarded and trodden under foot; but the habit of antagonism still persists and is the hammer violently smashing every form of unreality upon the anvil of the will to be.

Any sincere effort to define the world outlook in its larger outlines must, it would appear, accept two alternatives as the doorposts between which the race must sooner or later pass: the alternative of universal peace—peace spiritual as well as material, peace religious as well as military, peace economic as well as political—and that of universal war.

To dismiss either alternative—the alternative of perfectibility or that of world destruction and chaos—is to deny the very uni\‘ersality of the universe and repudiate the reality of man. Only in an incomplete, a partial universe could causes fail to produce effects; and causes exist in the 'soul of humanity capable of eventuating either in a higher human type or in self-destruction of the most frenzied kind. To remove these alternatives, in fact, is to argue that man is a kept pensioner of nature, without full responsibility and therefore without essential being.

The acceptance of these alternatives, moreover, is the only lusis on which can be attempted any interpretation of current movements and events freed from the false influence of self-in(crust, subtle or gross. The possibility implicit in both is so

[Page 56]56 wonn UNITY Macaw:

tremendous that the individual is reduced to actual humility, the only condition bringing truth and admitting growth. For humility not merely of emotion but of mind is a pure solvent by the action of which prejudice melts away, tradition loses its apparent authority, conventions are made unreal, and the mirror of perception ' cleansed for the universal vision of man in his innate, though yet undeveloped, being. .

The most bewildering manifestations of social disturbance begin to assume a form of universal harmony if we once admit that disturbance will not subside until world unity is attained, along with the related fact that the very purpose of such general turmoil is to establish an organic human solidarity. By setting up this goal as the inner objective revealed in one way or another by otherwise unrelated movements and trends, we possess a qualitative measure capable of evaluating any one factor or influence. Whatever possesses the spirit of unity is an instrument of progress and will be steadily reinforced, no matter how feeble it may appear outwardly at the present time. On the other hand, world unity cannot join elements of disunity and separateness, consequently the attainment of world unity means their removal somehow from the scene. This is the significance of transition: that the survival value of the various elements of society is undergoing the supreme test. The difference between loyalty to man and loyalty to one body of men at the expense of others is profound, but it is a difference which only emerges in a crisis which compels choice under terms of justice utterly impartial and unmoved.

World chaos and world unity are hence not so much alternative results as successive phases of the same process of human evolution. There can "be no world unity until the foundations of disunity and separateness have been destroyed both as ideals and as institutions. So deep-seated is the disunity and separateness

which actually exists, the preliminary approach to world unity must appear utterly unlike world unity and confuse, disturb and betray all but the staunchest faith. The world today represents a balance sheet carrying the total of the debits and credits entered

by humanity since the first dawn.

[Page 57]Till WORLD OUTLOOK S7

The ideal of world unity is not modem, new; it is timeless in us essence, breathed into mankind again and again by prophetic \pirits who have derived their vision of reality from perception of universals even yet unknown and unknowable to personal minded pcnple. But until now its claim upon human life as the condition uf survival could be resisted, denied, postponed. In that our material necessities combine with our spiritual responsibilities to t umpcl response to the law of brotherhood, the age is new in its with and evokes a new quality of mind and heart in man.

[Page 58]THE RISING TIDE

Notes on current books possessing special significance in the light of the trend toward world unity.

Edited 6]

Jon»: Human RANDALL, J3. , 04".... o] Pfihu'b’, Calm“: Ulu'unir’

a are all either doctors or prophets these days. The

doctors diagnose what ails our society; the prophets

proclaim the one thing needful. We are as worried

over the state of our civilization as a sick man over the state of his health. And as each of us has his publisher, an unceasing stream of this valetudinatian literature pours from the presses. It often seems easier to write a new book that will be perfectly satisfactory to us than to paw frantically over the montains we know we ought to read. The doctors are all so plausible, and the quacks so hard to run down! And every last prophet speaks as though inspired by God!

We all know that the pulse of our society is irregular and its breathing hard. We all know we need a doctor. We even fancy we know what it would be like to be healthy. But in this avalanche of telnedies, where shall we turn? Some advocate surgety—cut off the patient's arms, or his Stomach, or his head. Some advocate fasting. Some advocate strong medicine, and some urge us to get

drunk. We have gone so {at as to try the good old prescription of "

blood-letting, and it nearly proved fatal.

What we need is a testing laboratory that will bring the treatments together and throw out the poisons and the nostrums, a clearinghouse that will keep us informed of the progress of social medicine. The doctors, in their constant search to maintain and increase our physical health, have built up an organization to serve just such a purpose in their field. They cooperate from every

land to stamp out disease and eradicate suffeting. We ate all 5|

[Page 59]eamquhfimk 1‘ CUIIBNT BOOKS ON WORLD UNITY 59

e nllaborators in the search for social health. There is an increasing lmst of investigators who are honestly and earnestly striving to act our patient out of bed. They are thinking and working under every flag. They are agreed as to the worst disorders that trouble his functions. They are even coming together on the state in \\ hich he should be living. What they need is a place for their nlcas to meet, where each can appraise the fruits of his colleague's mi l. and pool the resources of those laboring for the common end.

In a modest way this department hopes to work at such a mk. It will try a preliminary sifting of the books that are piling up so rapidly with suggestions for the new world. It will try to bring together the thoughts of those who are seriously reflecting on the state of our civilization and the forces that are moving it. .\s yet most of our doctors are just becoming aware of the causes nl our social strife and disunity. Most of the investigators are still m-ing to diagnose our condition. They are studying our society unJcr the microscope. analyzing its halting functioning. They are mcing the outlines of the new world in which science has placed 1! They are seeking the hidden springs of human nature that f: Ivc it along. They are studying its growth and development, Illc causes that have moulded it in the past and the new forces Mm have in the last century pushed their way in to upset its balance and transform it utterly. All this investigation must be \ .lrl‘lcd through before we can hope to resolve our social conflicts.

There is today an army of writers who are making available .n )r the thoughtful layman the results of all this spadework of the L: \t generation. These ideas and concepts are the tools with which we must all build the new world. Until the last few years they rmmined the possession of the specialist, locked up in his monographs and reports. But we can hardly hope to guide our society through its present rapid adjustments toward that more unified “orld we all dream of, without a wide dissemination of the new Lnuwledge that the last generation has found out about the nature nt man and his civilization and the world in which he lives.

As a result of this careful investigation; our present age is mining to know itself as no other has in the past. Such self [Page 60]Go mmmmm

knowledge it the most hopeful tigh-pott pointing to a more intelligently ordered wotltl. But to know outtelvet, it is not enough to know our own eiviliution and its history. We must know our neighbors as well. The keynote in all this eager new investigation of society it the resolve to ttut all manifestations of human life as equally worthy of interest and taped. The life of man in the island of Tahiti is as lunch to he looked into at the life of man on Mnnhattan Island. ‘the civilization of \Vettetn Europe and the civilization of Northern India are alike great otgtniutions of human activities, feelings, and beliefs. And, most significantly of all, the more we of the Wettetn World have learned about these other ways of life, the note we have come to feel the underlying pulse of humanity heating wherever men move from birth to death, in all the tichly divetIe habitation: the human spirit has fuhioned for itself. The discovery of the fact that human life can be equally worth living when clad in garments unlike our own has heightened our respect for the inexhaustible energy of man that can cmte to much that is both beautiful and noble. We have come to recognize that the hunt: spirit cannot be found in one eultttte, in one religion alone.—it lust he sought wherever it has brought fotth itself, like the creative energy of the God it worships, an onletetl world in which to put its days.

It it the unity of nude life in the midst of all this diversity. the tune underlying theme played with infinite variations. that we of this generation ate coating to realize. And in the face of this conviction. thete it a thing tide of inptience with the strife that sets clue against class mil nation spin“ nation. Men are beginning to discern the strident discord: in what they have come to feel night he the richly orchestrated symphony of 8 united humanity. Science is teaching the- to see in all men and all societies the manifestation of a m hm tutute. History is teaching them the wealth of peoyles that, each in its own way, have conttihuted to the building of the world we now inhabit. Religion is thawing them how each glut prophet hu teen beyond his people the vision of a unkind coopeutiag in the free life of the spirit. Philotophy it making them aware of the great problems that inc:

[Page 61]CUIIEN‘I' nooxs ox wouo usm 61

.all mankind, and is forging for them the intellectual tools for a united effort at solution. It is because we see our present state projected against the picture of what might be, that we have so many doctors and prophets. A knowledge of the disease is the nrst step to recovery,—or, if you prefer a religious metaphor, the \ nnvictlon of sin is the sole path to salvation. It is not that out mcicty is more seriously ill than it has been at times past; it is mhcr that we are coming to know ourselves better, to realize nur maladjustments and needless conflicts, and to catch a vision of x h c more perfect world that out new self-knowledge makes possible.

These columns will welcome every book that can contribute z.» tllls self-knowledge and this vision. History, science, religion, ph : lnsophy, as well as those works more narrowly directed to the

‘

ublcms of the emerging world—each is making its own offering

r.» the truth we require. We desperately need knowledge, and we t .'.l\‘t' faith and inspiration. From the flood of books that is over\\ m lming us we shall earnestly search for the best.

It seems well to preface an attempt to judge the current outiuzt by a list of books that already stand out as pioneets in this ~';-.u enterprise. Most of them are very recent, for this self. :h mlcdgc of ours is a thing of but yesterday. One familiar with " -- thought of these writers will find it easy to judge the offerings

' Ilmsc who come after. The attitudes. the concepts, the view. -~:nts of these men are the indispensable instruments with which “.qu many colleagues are working.

Reading Lin of Carma Book: on World Univ

1. HISTORY

Lu Nuw H1510“, by JAMES HARVEY nonmsou (Macmillan)

1 a NEW Huston AND nus Socuu. STUDIES, by my a. muss (Cu nay) kuv AND Socuu. Inraulcanca, by my a. wuss (Knopf)

Thesediteeboobdesaihethesptnt” ohhenevhiuuytllhlw liliuldmhlkfikdmh..ldm.wfllh KianolamdMnamm

[Page 62]62. wonu) UNITY "1101mm M

r -.> Mm

Tun Ourum: or HISTORY, by 11. a. mans (Macmillan)

A rind account written to show the ever-enltt sphcte within wh ch 1111;? have recognized friends and allies. sing I .~;_

THE STORY 01* MANKIND, by HENDIIK mum VAN LOON (Bom‘ and 34 Utmigbt) $12

A vivid and graphic main.

THE HUMAN ADVENTURE, by JAMES H. BREAST!!!) and JAMES H. nonmSON (Harper’s)

A pioncct work in the new history. with many illmtntiom. THE HISTORY or Cmuzxnon, by LYNN momlmta (F. A. Crofts)

Anmn todmdtegtowthofdvilindonutunighaedontlu thgdtohnhip.

Wont) amour, 1815-1920, by warn (Harcourt) 111: 19thccmryuitlookstoaiudidousmdhnputinl8wis. Mona»: WORLD Hmv, 1776-1926, by ALEXANDER rucx (Knopf)

ASIA, a Short History from the Earliest Times to the Present Day, by . Hanan u. comm (little, Brown)

A detittble attentive to out European viewpoint. THE OUTLINE or Mona»: Hmong by EDWARD um: um; (Harper’s) A detailed syllabus with .1: excellent bibliography.

The following deal wiib the development of the great institution: of our civilization that know no national boundariu:

Tun MIND IN nu: MAKING, by JAMES mvav ROBINSON (Harper’s) A&etdnoltheMofmsdentificmdcitialmimde. 1m: LIVING Pm, by r. s. mvm (Oxford)

1113 Cantu“ or Hora, by r. s. mum" (Oxford) Tulsentogetha. mahinblehtiefmmofdtefotmtionofoutmlum

THE MAKING or 1115 Wmm MIND, by r. u. suweu. and r. 5. mm (Donut)

Epitoduinfinopunmhmllifc.

Tun Unm or Wm»: CIVILIZATION, by 1-2 s. mun, ed. (Oxford) Wanna: Races mo nu: Woun, by r. s. unvm, ed. (Oxford) 111: Evow'nou o: WonLn-Puca. by r. s. mvm, ed. (Oxford)

[Page 63]- 'W-lm

'n‘run em. .' '

"a n-sm-Memw4awwwunmm “1.

column: 300:: ON wonu) (mm 6;

Notable 19mm: on (be binorical root: of the unity of man. The {ullnu'ing describe the present forte: making for disunity and war:

lissn's 0N NA'flONALISM, by anew»: }. H. HAYES (Macmillan) A classic duaiption and diagnosis.

lsnanmmomx. ANAICHY, by c: Loves mcxmson (Century) Animpminlsmdyofdncfnfiuotmdmlism.

Immanmusu AND WonLn-Pmmcs, by rm». 1'. noon (Macmillan)

lxmooucnon 'ro Wmn—Ponmcs, by manual? was aanous (Cen lury) Standud mount: of the nature and working: of imperialism ”day.

V Iumrmusu, A STUDY, by J. A. "OBSON (lame: Pan)

Written 1 genention 130. but still the m reflective study.

Mme AND COMMERCE IN Arum, by LEONARD s. woou Anunmpamdmmofduaamlwkingsolimpuhlim.

Prof. Randall's list will be followed in later issues by similar lists on the suban of Religion. Science. The Sciences of Man. Philosophy, Education, and I !\.IIS 0! Life.)

[Page 64]INTERPRETING THE NEW SPIRIT In Science, Religion, Philosophy, Ethics and the Arts

onu) UNITY Macaw: will bring you each W month a series of articles by well known

leaders which mticipate the conclusions of current lectures and books.

A new, universal culture is in process of form:tion—new values are creating a true world outlook. The education received even a few years ago is in adequate for those who desire to live abreast of the '

times.

A subscription to World Unity Magazine will inform you about the essentials of progtess as teg istered upon minds awakened to the deeper meaning: of world change and responsive to the underlying forces of the new era.

Bring World Unity Magazine to the attention of your friends.

Wonu) UNITY Punusnmo Conon'nou, 12.2. EAST 3411! STREET, NEW YORK.

Pltau enter my nbsm'ptim to World Unit} Magazine. I enclose $3.10. (In Canada, 34. no; other (mirth,

3440-)

- - .S 1-- ‘ -‘-.~ A- 4.2. t. ""“""“ ‘i""‘~ 1".A.r-»-‘«. -' :1.“

-ww.am:mfi¥§sdzem€§cfl mu .7; l "L l K 1 ‘2 .

V . «zelifiirif . : [Page 65]THE

WORLD UNITY

Conferenm

To Create . Harmony and Understanding Among Religions, Races, Nations and Classes

Q

“Program of meeting

OCTOBER and NOVEMBER

1917

[Page 66]THE WORLD UNITY CONFERENCES

public meeting has been established, one which strongly ap peals to all who desire to come into contact with the forces making for universal unity yet prefer not to identify themselves with any formal organization through membership or dues.

A World Unity Conference consists of several consecutive meetings at which responsible leaders in the fields of education, science, philosophy, ethics and religion interpret those fundamental principles of human association capable of overcoming traditional prejudice and promoting the ideals of bratherhood and world peace.

Conferences are held at frequent intervals in cities throughout the United States and Canada. These meetings are open to all, without dues, admission ticket or collection. The committee will be pleased to receive correspondence from organizations and individuals willing to cooperate in the extension of this independent platform dedicated to the promotion of harmony and understanding among religions, races, nations and classes.

IN the World Unity Conferences a new and distinctive type of

Kindly am reply coupon on la“ page of tbi: annumemmt

WORLD UNITY CONFERENCE COMMITTEE

J0me Henna: RANDALL Anna W. Mn‘rm Muir Ruusmr Movxvs quxcc Raw Morrow Hones Hon.“ Hum Lows: Pmnsox VINCENT G. Bunts

‘Progmn of Jth'ny—Ocnhr and November, 1927

New York City—October 10. ll, 12

Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y.—October 23. 24, 25 Brown University, Providence, R. l.-—October 31, Nov. 1, 2 Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, N. Y.——-November S, 6, 7 Chicago. lll.—Nnvcmhcr l}, H, 15, 16, 17. 18, 19. 20

Worcester, Mass.-—;\'nvember 27. 28, 29 ‘6

[Page 67]- ‘- Vtefinflrfié - .t-a ‘

THE WORLD UNITY CONFERENCES b————_——d

From March. 1926, to June, 1927, World Unity Conferences were held m the following cities: Worcester, Mass; Eliot. Maine; Philadelphia; Buffalo; Cleveland; Boston; Dayton, Ohio; Chicago; New York; Springncld, Mass.; New Haven, Conn; Rochester, N. Y.; Hartford. Conn.; Montreal, Quebec; and Toronto, Ontario.

The Evening 'l'tanscript of Boston described the Confetenees in an article ['ublished Decembet 11, 1926. "The yhrase 'world unity' is still so com: .xratively new that it probably summnns up a quite different thought in cx-cry mind that considers it. Whether uc regard world unity as a feasible ymgram or a remote, unattainable 1.2m. the {act that prominent scienrzsls. educatm's and statesmen, as \\ c" as re tativeChtistians.Jews mt! followers of other faiths ate will. III: to participate in a public meeting

“muted to this obiect is a very sigmcmt indication of the new ttend.

"To many, world unity implies

n:ncthing in the nature of a formal ‘ -.litical organization, like an ex:L'nslon of the much debated League .1 Vitions. To others. it suggests a ' .rthcr perfection of the machinery of .umnunieation. including airplanes x -r physical going about, and radio

‘ .r the dispatch of ideas. These are

\ me who perhaps feel that world .:2it_\’ suggests at least a tentative . wk ing alliance between capital and .‘r t. »r, while afew would undoubtedly ‘ mt t0 the fact of inaeased teh'gious 2 »l-.-r.tnce as indicating a future pos‘J‘le unity between the various re..-;mus bodies d the East and the n cst.

“It is world unity as a deeper unEctstanding and sttonger spirit of co operationbetweenpeoplesthemselves.

' quiteapanftomtheitptesentpolitieal,

economic or religious alliliations. however, which is the ideal promoted by the World Unity Conferences. This view considers that it is essential to rise above all partisan questions and appeal direct to the latent humanity obscured in the hearts of men. To achieve this result, the first beginning has been made by establishing a platform independent of any existing social organism, and thus capable of giving equal respect to the ideals and principles of all. Probably no more universal public forum exists in this country today than the World Unity Conferences supply. since they olfer the same hospitality to Jew and Moslem as to Christian, and to scientist orphilosophet as to teligionist, while the black and yellow races have also found on this platform a place not inferior to that accorded the white. The selection of speakers, however, does uphold a strict standard of suitability, in that each speaker must represent some approach to the problem of world unity."

WORLD UNITY CONFERENCE

SPEAKERS Martin. 1926—1401:, 19.27

MI. Aunt) \V. MAI‘I‘IN Society [a Ethical Calm", New Yul Mn. Locus leon National Leann! u! chml Aunt) Au-Kuu Km". ND. Fm Pmia Mwimr ru tlve L'. I. luv. Kant“. Bum“ Cbml! o] the Margin, Il’omurr. Muu. IX. Joan Hnuau Rmmu. Callus!) Chunk of Nair l'wl SI’UD Hots»: Edit The New 0am! Tlotns I HAlIIsuN Yul‘ u-tnm! Paw. Cunncn Susun Tull: College

[Page 68]THE WORLD UNITY CONFERENCES

Flor. Hm“ W. Hana. Pmc‘Jc-l. EJW Aux. of Nan]: Anunu luv. Aunt k. VA". National Lunar on Religion: Unit] luv. Luvuncl Pun Fm! Un'ltiu Chvcb, Muir, N. Y. Plot Jul Hout3.9m Cellos: DI. Hum! Ann‘s Gluom Hindu Du. S. P. Cans Mill, Union»; a] Bujfala DI. TII-u HsuC‘bm Trad: Cowaim'm. But. 0-. Damn Lunar: Fm! Unacicl Chub, Chum, 06in Du. on. "Ann." M Pmbun'a Chub, Chulal. 05in Pun. flaunt A. MILLIOh”. I'm Uninm‘o Run Ilium. Sum Th Tough. Chulal. Oln'c Plot. Kan." F. Mann w Un'nm’q hot. WILLIAM E. Hocuuo HM Unicorn}; |Au- Hun Luv: TM 10 (3M1. Bum Plot. nu: D. Sum Mania: Pal .l'chol Jm- qua E. Au»:

5. Cum 0] Ohio NI. moo TAII' I‘ll”. Cbiago Mu. Cums 5. Cult Pmilcu. Pmile-u' Calm" a] Wmm': Club. Clu‘u o DI. Sauna nnws Dun, Davina?) School. Unirmm of Chain Ml. Honc- . Bunch: Sadr” III ital Ct’nm, Clam” MI. J. C. Chum”: V1111 Vai‘li, Cavbmlp, England DI. Emma Hnnou Unim'dy o] Cling DI. Fm Cm. Elsa.“ build", Gum" Bibliml Iaumm, Nathan?!" l'm': min

d

1):. JACOI Pun: St. Port: [Jhu- C‘mfi, Chimp Riv. Fun MIIIIIIILD All J‘uh‘ Chub, C‘iuga Du. Mn MM Pmilnt, Um‘um‘o of Cheap Ru}! Log: 1.. Mnua uni main. in 0 kW. Puma! Dual." 8 Th Puph': Chm}, Chicago Du. Wanna R. Suntan COW Uninm'o Aunt Locn. PhD. Au» 0] Th Now Negro Hon. Zuuo-Lmo C-mo China Conn! 60ml, New Yul Mn. Mn! Cum: [mind NM Thug!» Allin“ DI. L. L. Dooon'r 57;“? Inflow! Y. M. C. A. n e !. prim : Du. S. If. Joni; Dml‘ Callus DI. Auom'un O. Tnoun hu'lt'. World Feduaiu cf Edutaimmf Aum'dim '10.. Km- Scorr Lnovnrn Yale Ulivmio Mn. DIVE“ Anus Em Editor. 1!!! wonu) TOMolluu Plot. Vumnn Kunm-urr Cami! Ulu'vmilj Ml. “WWI? Muu M'i Movement Mm Amt: McPquL. M.P. Onu'a,CnmIa luv. Joan Blvm. MA. Lulu. England DI. Dunn PIIKINS Uu’mn'o o] Rubrmr DI. WILLIAM Moms: Ulium'o n] Smmm Du. E. M. 3m Uninl Tholagiul Collar. Maurrm’ Plot. D. M. K“: Uliuui!) of Toruula DI. Juan L. Huuuns Input” 0] Iclmoh. Turum Puncmu. MAL'IKB ilv-mw L'Iil'fl'li!) Collelgr, Tummy PIOI. R. M. Mncwu Uniwnin cl Tamra

Wont) Um" Conranaxcu. S wulsusn AVENUE, woucnsrn, um. I an intended in the aim: and purpou: 0] the World Unit] Coufmntn.

Plane mid mammmn D I will roofer”! Iamllr D

SAME V

ADDRESS . ........ 68

[Page 69]

Institute of World Unity

A SUMMER conference appealing to those interested in the development of the humanitarian ideal in terms of science and philosophy has been founded as a service to world unity. Under the auspices of the Institute. leading educators will each season offer courses presenting subjects of vital significance.

The program of the first season. held at Green Acre, Eliot, Maine, shows the character and scope of this unique experiment in the field of “adult re education".

PROGRAM 0? INSTITUTE OF WORLD UNITY AUGUST, 192.7

August 1-6. Nationalism and Inter nationalism. by Herbert Adams Gibbons.

Nttionalism before 1789.

\‘Jtionalisln vs. lntetnationalism from 1789 to 181;.

harm in the Development of Nationalism in Euro from 1815 to 1870.

xmuna ist Movements in Eutope from 1870 m 1914.

\'.monalism vs. lntematiomlism from 1914 m 1919.

The International Movement Since the World War.

August 15-20. Comparative Religion. by Samuel Lucas Joshi.

Ah: Mnn Phases of Development among Leadmg Reli ions.

\ Survey 0 the Concepts of God, Prayer and Sacrifice.

M: Nature of the Soul and a Comparative Study of Eschatology among Different Rehgtons.

I Jla‘s Contribution to the Interpretation of the (fund Pmblems of Religion.

xxx!“ and I' ehgion among Western Nations m the 19!!! Century.

‘ -me Problems of Today and the Religious Outlook for Tomorrow.

August 8-13. The Making of the Modern Mind, by John Herman Randall, Jr.

The Building of the Christian Ttaditiun,

The Discovery of the Scientific Order of Nature.

The Romantic Call to a Larger Experience.

The Growth of Faith in Evolutionary Science,

The Adjustment of Religion to the Scientific Faith.

The Emet enee of the Ideal of a Functionally Unifi Wotld.

August 22-27. Science and Religion, by Kirtley F. Mather.

The New World Revealed by Modem Science.

Survival of Religion in the Struggle for E3:istence.

Machines. Men and Mystics.

The Search for God in a Scientific Age.

Miracles and Pnyet in a Law-Abiding Univetse.

The Present Trend of Science and Religion.

August 29-September 3. The Relations of East and West, by William R. Shepherd.

The Meeting of East and West. Western Ways in Eastern Lands. Western Thoughts in Eastern Minds. Eastern Way: in Westetn Lends. Eastern Thoughts in Westem Minds. Two Strong Men Stand Face to Face.

Present plans contemplate a winter as well a: summet session of the In stitute of World Unity. The

gum will be published in A few Weeks.

To receive iniotmation. kind y send name and address. and state whether bulletins of summer or winter sessions are desired.

\ ~‘l'lTUTE OF WORLD UNITY

4 EAST 12m STREET. Naw Yon:

‘9

[Page 70]Reading Lie! 0!

CURRENT BOOKS on WORLD UNITY 3}

JOHN HanMAN RANDALL, PH. D. Review Editor, Walla! Unity Maggi"

WORLD UNITY MAGAZINE Reprint No. 1.

Ten cents a copy postpaid In quantity, five cents

’4'

\VORLDUNITY Puntsnma Cour. in East 34th Street New York

Ready adobe! 150:

THE FOUNDATIONS

of WORLD UNITY

SELECTION from the public addresses delivctccl by 'Abdu'lHalli at Universities. Churches,

Synagogues and Peace Societies in the United States and Canada during 19"..

u; pages. paper covers. Seventy-five cents a copy at your bookston. From the publisher, postpaid. eighty cents.

oe WoanmnPunusmmCou. 12.1. East “(ll Street New York

GROUP SUBSCRIPTIONS

For the Benefit of Nmuuem'al Owniuh‘om

HE attention of executives, field wotltets and memben of mganiutions established for service without commercial profit is

called to the Group Subscription Plan of World Unity Megan)».

The purpose of this plan is to enable those identified with institution: at societies of an educational, ; tcientific. ethical. teligious or hu- " manituian character to receive eopies 0‘ World Unity Magazine at a special discount based upon group subscription.

Under the Gtoup Subscription Plan.thespecifiednumhetofmoathly copies will he sent to one address only, for te-disttibution to members through the tegulu channels of the organization itself.

By elimination of mailing and also telling com on such copies. the Group Subscription Plan represents scientific economy which should bring publisher and reader together in actual ation not possible in the cue oftheotdinuy magazine.

Group Subscriptions apply to the following number of monthly copies otdeted for a period ofone year:

2.5 so too 500 loco

M lfyouma-c-hctolnnonMWyou

Detail: u ngum

WOILDUNITYKAGAZINE mdhmw 122 mmmmwfl:

[Page 71]i E ii

‘1 e95

CHRISTMAS CARDS

o! DISTINCTION

New and original designs Printed on choice papers

Hand-colored

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U

CLARA HALLARD FAWCETT 122 Ian 34th Street New Yak City

STRAUSS SCHOOL ojlhc CREATIVE DANCE

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us 1 um“; DAM: aims to comm! .nm the physical body~-Io makc

' : ubcdicnl and the instant servant . (?:c will. to make it alcu and ex' «:22. [0 Jewel in natural gut: e .'\c.|ul_\‘ to theta". ll develops dis

ml and form in bodin movement.

1-: ('rcnivc Dance sumalaus the u :r..mun. vitalim our mental pmand makes us more consciously l: slrh‘fl to touch and awaken

..:n.m spirit.

\n:.l far illnmuhl dull; ~ -. v S( noon. 0! nu Cnnwn DANCI

l ..rnchr Hall. New York City

"II we were the mm“ 0‘ a young man or Wollllll axed mtun who ran abou! lu leave the home ml 5mg! eating home lur not: and large: educalugn. we should allvme ourselveg m wbscnbe [or The N“: Sl-dul. "awn: no college authoritics In In! or placate. The New Slum! is (m.- m lcll l" glut ha m. with comment. Their (the admin)? mum imlunially cast and yen. on Jeaes la .and small. They m mutated Ill swan IM Hlal nmans any gun“: gtgcnuou on n campus, um excludmu nlupn. crnuu'ship. finmlics, morals, cyoluu-In. compulsory military drill and Russian «lucalilmal experiments.” —lrmn OLD OREGON

( Unirnsily of Orrgon Alumni Muafiufl

Till NEW STUDENT speaks for the thinking student and ptol'euor. Then an tome! A sample copy will be a tonic fat you. Be sure to send fot one.

THE NEW STUDENT 2929 Broadway New York

Puhlinrrd (.1: y url.- 11min; Im‘ rul'rg- 5:: H. 31.50

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EVELYN BERCKMAN I: : ~\\'. ll'pnIStrecl, Philadelphia. PJ.

[Page 72]Beginning in October Two Notable Series of Articles in THE WORLD TOMORROW

OCTOBER marks the beginning of the eleventh year of Tat: Won." Touonow. We are proud of the growth of this monthly journal and its influence during the last ten years. Fittilgly the eleventh year In with two notable series of articles: one .“Recent am: in American Civi ization"; the other, “A Group of Articles on Vital Religion". Each article of the two eerie: is to be written by a distinguiehed critic of contemporary life. These special features, which are to begin in October and run fot the next twelve

months, are in addition to the matetial on the topic announced fot each "1“?" .

Recent Gains in American Civilization By a your of W ethic. of mm life HAIRY EIEISON FOSDICK‘m‘i. 3:}:in m ‘Ljha

CHARLES A. BEARD.

German! ROCKWELL ”NT An mm THOMAS. ' [Wield Relation CHARLES 5- Jam

OSVALD GARNION VILLAID Jumbl DALLAS l0” SHARP. Hamlin

N

• 4“ lcldliun

MA" VAN KLEECK hJuun'cl Relation

IIEY'OOD IIOUN. Sun'a-JSMI DAVID STARR JORDAN. Stink:

J Group of Jru'rlu (HI VITAL RELIGION

IlSlIOP FIANCIS J. M&ONNELI. IICIIAID IOIBI'I’S

m V. GILKIY sun'ooo IN)?

am CASE

NORDIC” W. JOHNSON

MAUI)! IOYDIN HAIRY P. 'AID JIIOIIE DAVIS IIINIIOID NIIIUIII moon) lUCCOCK DAVID IIYNJONES

The Wall Tom. Inn. 5: Vendetta Anne. New Yeti (It:

I am tremendously interested in the two series of articles which will run for a year, inning in Octoher, in TM: Wont: Touonow. Please enter my subucti tion 0: one year. (I enclose $2.00. Canada $2.25, Foreign $2.50.) .-\ years joint subuription with “'mu." l'nn’ for hm; instead of the regular $6.00 if this coupon is used. t

Nut»! . Strut .‘ldn'n.-.‘ .

Lin mu! Mm