Bahá’í World/Volume 7/Transliteration of Oriental Words with Guide
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614
THE BAHA'I WORLD
TRANSLITERATION OF
ORIENTAL WORDS
FREQUENTLY USED IN BAHM LITERATURE
‘Abi
Abédih
‘Abbés ‘Abdu’l-Bahá ‘Abdu’l-Hamid ‘Abdu’l-Husayn ‘Abdu’lláh Abbi Abu’l-Fadl ‘Adasiyyih Agijlén Adh_irbz'1yjén Afnán
Aghsén
‘AT{d
Ahmad
Ahsé’i
Ah viz
Akbar
‘Akká
‘A151’
‘Ali ‘Ali-Muhammad Alláh-u-Abhá Alv5.l_1 Alváḥ-i-Salégin Amin
Amir Amir-Ni_z2'1m Amru’ll:'1h Amul
Anzali
Aqé
Aqdas ‘Arabistén Asm2'1' ‘Avéghiq Ayédi
Azal
‘Azamat
‘Aziz
Bib
Bibi Bábu’l-Bib Baghdád Bahá Bahá’í Bahá’u’lláh Bahíyyih Bahjí Balfighistén Bandar-‘Abbés Béqir Baqiyyatu’lláh Bahá’í$_}_1 Basrih Bétfim Bayén Bayt
Big
Birjand Bighérét Bismi’llz'1h Bu1_:_l_1_z'1r2'1 Burfijird Bfighihr Bahá’í Bughrfiyih
_C_llihriq
DaIé’il-i-Sab‘ih Dérfighih Dawl-2;?-Ab5.d Dhabih Duzdéb
Faré’id
Férén Farmén Farr2'1§_h-Bé_____i Firs
Farsa_k__h Fath-‘Ali
Fird aws
Fird awsi
Ganjih Gilén Gul Gulastén Gurgin
Habib Hadigh Hadrat H55?
Hájí Mirzá Áqásí
Hiii Hamadén Hasan Haydar-‘Ali Haykal
Ḥaẓíratu’l-Quds Hijéz Himmat-Abéd Hujjat Husayn Huvaydar
Ibrihim
II
‘ Ilm
Imém Irném-Jum‘ih Imém-Zédih
Iqin
Irén
‘Iráq
‘ Iráqi
‘ Iráq-i-‘Ajam Isféhén ‘I§_l_1_qéb2'1d Ighréqét Ightihérd Islfim Islamic Ismé‘iliyyih Istarébéd ‘Izzat
Jalél _Iamédiyu'l-Avval Jamél Jamél-i-Mubérak Jamzil-i-Qidam Jésb
Jubbih
Kaaba Ka‘bih Kad-_K_hudé Kalantar Kalim Kalimét Kamél Karand Karbilá Kéghén Kaghkfil Kawmu’s-,Sa‘éyidih Kaw_t_l;ar Káẓim Káẓimayn
K_h_al1<_bé|
[Page 615]
TRANSLITERATION OF ORIENTAL WORDS 615
_I§_hayli 1c_b_L'1b Ehurésin Khuy
Kirmén Kirménghéh Kitáb-i-‘Ahd Kitáb-i-Aqdas Kitáb-i-Asmá’ Kitzib-i-Badi‘ Kitib-i-Iqán Kulzih Kurdistin Léhijén
L511‘
Lawh
Luristén
Madrisih
Mahbfibu’§_l_1-§b_uhadé'
Mahd-i-‘ Ulyé Méh-Kfi Mahmfid Maléyir
Man-Yuz,hiruhu’112'1h
Maqém Marighih MarhZEa Marv Mas2'1’il Maghhad Maghiyyat
Mashriqu’l-Adhkár
Masjid Maydén Mzizindarén Mihdi Mihréb Milén Mi‘r2'1j Mitzi
Mishkín-Qalam
Mu’a_c1_hcl_l_1_in
Mufti Muhammad Muhammad-‘Ali Muhammarih Mubarram Mujtahid
Mulk
Mullá
Munirih Muspafé Mustaghigh MuzaH:§_fi'd-Din
Nabil Nabil-i-A‘zam Najaf Najaf-Abéd Néqidin Nasir N2'1.$iri’d-Din Navvib Naw-Rúz Nayriz Niglgébfir Nuqyih
Nfir
Pahlavi
Pérén
Qidi Qédiyén Qahqahih Q2'1’im
Q21 jér Qalyén Qamgar Qasr-i-_S_b_irin Qawl Qayyfim Qayyúmu’l-Asmi’ Qazvin Qiblih Qfighin Quddfis
Qudrat
Qum
Qur’án
Qurbén Qurratu’l-‘Ayn
Rafsinjzin Rahim Rahmin Rahmat Ra’is Ramadén Ra§_ht Rawhéni Riḍván RL'1hu’lláh
Sabzivér Sadratu’l-Muntahé Séhibu’z-Zamin _Sahifatu’l-Ḥaramayn Sa‘id
Salsibil Samarqand Sangsar
Séri
S_b_a‘b2'1n
Shih
_S__llahid Sháhmirzéd _S__h_.ihrfid
_S_b_araf
§l_1ari‘ah
.Shaykh .Shay1<_b_-Tabarsi §b_ay1<_l_1_u’l-Islém §l_1_i‘ih
Shiites
Shir;'1z
§__hushtar Simnzin
Sisin
Sistin Siyéh-_C_I15l Siyyid
Sfifi
Sulaymin Sulgén Sulgén-Abid Sultanate Sul§énu’§b_-§_huhadé’ Sunni
Sunnites SL'1ratu’l-Haykal Sfirih Sfiriy-i-Damm
_ Sfiriy-i-(::_}}_u§n
Sfiriy-i-Ra’is Sfiriy-i-Sabr
Tabrfz Táhirih Tajalliyit T51 kur Taqi Tarézét Tarbiyat Tégbkand Tawhid Ifiurayyi Ṭihrán Tfimzin
Turkistán
‘ Ulamé Urfimiyyih ' U_t_h_m2'1n
Vahid Vali Vali-‘Ahd Varqé Vazir
Y5-Bahz'a’u’l—Abhz'1 Yahyi Yazd
Zanjfm Zarand Zaynu’l-Muqarrabin
[Page 616]
616 THE Bahá’í WORLD
GUIDE TO TRANSLITERATION AND PRONUNCIATION OF THE TRANIAN ALPHABET
I’; D IS‘ IS C¢C9'rn'r~n<>: ()*’§>‘g> v~ zcn \9\oC'.“» C_.("_\\E.
NW N ~c —%.%t..\..u em‘
a as in i as (e) in u as (o) in aw . as in account best short mown é .. as in i as (cc) in ú as (oo) in arm meet moon
The "i” added to the name of a town signifies "belonging to.” Thus, §__1_1irézi
means native of Shiréz.
[Page 617]
NOTES ON PRONUNCIATION OF TRANIAN
NOTES ON
The emphasis in franian words is more or less evenly distributed, each syllable being equallyatressed as in French. For example, do not say Tabríz or Tabarsi; stay as long on one syllable as on the next: Tabríz; Tabar-si. (While there are many exceptions to this rule, it is the most generally correct method of treating the question of stress.)
A frequent mistake is the failure to distinguish between broad and flat "a’s.” This differentiation makes the language especially musical and should be observed: in the word Afnan, for example, pronounce the first “a” as in mat, and the second syllable to rhyme with on. Americans are apt to pronounce short "a” plus "r” like the verb form are; this is a mistake; “ar” should be pronounced as in the name of Harry—cf. Tarbiyat.
The same differentiation should be ob ¢('3)
served in the case of long and short 1 and long and short "u”. As the guide to the transliteration indicates, short "i” is like “e” in best, and long "i” like "ee” in meet; for example, Ibrahim is pronounced Eb-r:iheem; Islam is Ess-lahm. Short "u” being like "o” in short, and long "u” being like "oo” in moon, the following would be pronounced: Quddús—Qod-dooss; Barfurush—Bér-fo-roosh. '
Pronounce “aw” to rhyme with oh, or mown; Naw-Rúz is No-Rooz.
The following consonants may be pro nounced like 2: db, Z, z,
617
THE PRONUNCIATION OF TRANIAN
The following consonants may be pronounced like ss: t_l_1, s, s.
Zh is pronounced like the in pleasure. [{_h is pronounced like “ch” in Scotch lock or German nac/2!. Do not pronounce it as "k.” Westerners are as a rule incapable of pronouncing Q and "q”; a guttural French "r” will serve here; otherwise use hard "g” as in good.
H and h, approximately like the English aspirate “h,” should never be dropped. Ṭihrán is Teh-ron; madrisih is mad-res-seh; Mihrab is Meh-rob.
In the case of double le__tters pronounce each separately: ‘Ab-bas.
The character transliterated (’) represents a pause; it is not unlike the initial sound made in pronouncing such a word as every. The word Bahá’í is phonetically as follows: "a” as in account; "é” as in father; (’), pause; "i” as ee in meet.
The character transliterated (‘) may also be treated as a pause.
cc :2 S
N.B. As frénian often indicates no vowel sounds and as its pronunciation differs in different localities throughout Tran and the Near East as well as among individuals in any given locality, a uniform system of transliteration such as the above, which is in use by Bahá’í communities all over the world, is indispensable to the student.
